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好莱坞罢工愈演愈烈:演员工会认为电影公司施行“霸凌策略”

好莱坞罢工愈演愈烈:演员工会认为电影公司施行“霸凌策略”

PAOLO CONFINO 2023-10-16
电影公司和罢工的演员互相指责,好莱坞可能在很长一段时间内都无法恢复运转。

当前,电影公司和罢工的演员正互相指责、激烈辩论并在财务问题上存在巨大分歧,好莱坞可能在很长一段时间内都无法恢复运转。上周三晚上,美国演员工会-美国电视和广播艺人联合会与电影公司之间的谈判再次破裂,而双方在几周前才恢复对话。

代表迪士尼(Disney)、奈飞(Netflix)和华纳兄弟(Warner Bros.)等电影公司的贸易组织电影和电视制片人联盟(AMPTP)周三晚间发表声明,批评该演员工会的最新提案。

声明中写道:“经过有意义的对话,可以看出电影和电视制片人联盟和美国演员工会-美国电视和广播艺人联合会之间的分歧显然过大,对话已经无法使我们的关系取得有效进展。”不过,他们都只是指责对方歪曲了协议的财务条款,因此很难了解这两方之间到底有多大的分歧。

由于美国演员工会-美国电视和广播艺人联合会提议在提供流媒体追加酬金(电影和电视制片人联盟称这将每年耗费8亿美元)的基础上付给演员“观看量提成”,电影公司拒绝继续谈判。电影和电视制片人联盟表示,他们已经向“高预算”流媒体作品的演员提供了“史无前例的基于成功度的”追加酬金。

美国演员工会-美国电视和广播艺人联合会对这种说法嗤之以鼻,称电影和电视制片人联盟的公开发言是在实施“霸凌策略”,夸大了工会提案的总成本。在X平台上发表的一份声明中,美国演员工会-美国电视和广播艺人联合会对8亿美元这一数字提出异议,称电影和电视制片人联盟在新闻发布会上将该数字夸大了60%,并认为这种做法是一种“霸凌策略”。演员们补充道,这项提议将仅会让电影公司对每个订阅用户的服务成本增加约57美分。

美国演员工会-美国电视和广播艺人联合会在X上写道:“电影公司试图沿用他们曾经对美国编剧工会(WGA)施行的失败策略,即发布误导性信息以骗取工会成员放弃团结,并对我们的谈判代表施压。但正如编剧们一样,我们的成员也很聪明,绝不会受到愚弄。”

8月,在针对长达数月、持续到夏天结束的罢工的谈判期间,电影和电视制片人联盟在离开谈判桌几分钟后发表了一份公开声明。

在最近的口水战发生之前,双方谈判了一周多一点的时间,试图结束持续了三个多月的罢工。因为没有演员,电影公司便无法继续完成正在制作的电影和电视节目。不过,或许更值得注意的是,作为罢工运动的一部分,演员不会参与已完成作品的任何宣传活动——这意味着好莱坞无法让最大牌的明星出席巡回宣传,为即将上映的大片预热。一些主要影片(包括明星荟萃的《沙丘2》(Dune: Part Two))已经将上映时间由今年年底推迟到2024年年初。

如果不能解决好莱坞的罢工问题,美国经济可能会面临真正的风险。据米尔肯研究所(Milken Institute)报告,编剧和演员罢工给美国造成了共约50亿美元的经济损失。仅在今年夏天,《芭比》(Barbie)和《奥本海默》(Oppenheimer)的双重上映就创造了营销热潮,推动夏季票房达到40亿美元。据彭博经济(Bloomberg Economics)估计,这两部电影刺激夏季的消费者支出和国际票房收入增加了约31亿美元。

整个谈判过程的争论焦点之一就是流媒体服务中的电影和电视节目的追加酬金。从历史上看,即使是最受欢迎的流媒体内容,参演的演员也不会获得额外的酬金,而不像在电视上播出或影院发布的作品。

另一个主要存在分歧的方面在于人工智能在制片中的应用,以及允许人工智能在多大程度上替代演员的表演。电影公司发布的提案中包含一些条款,可以确保演员的表演或形象不会在未经其许可的情况下被人工智能借用。电影和电视制片人联盟表示:“未经演员书面同意并说明其在电影中的预期用途,不得使用演员的数字复制品。”

为了让人们了解该声明的背景,美国演员工会-美国电视和广播艺人联合会称电影公司会在演员“入职第一天”就要求其同意这种做法。美国演员工会-美国电视和广播艺人联合会表示,复制的表演将可用于“整个电影宇宙(或所有特许经营项目)”——这意味着一旦同意使用人工智能版本的表演,这类表演将可能被应用于多个影片。(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-刘嘉欢

当前,电影公司和罢工的演员正互相指责、激烈辩论并在财务问题上存在巨大分歧,好莱坞可能在很长一段时间内都无法恢复运转。上周三晚上,美国演员工会-美国电视和广播艺人联合会与电影公司之间的谈判再次破裂,而双方在几周前才恢复对话。

代表迪士尼(Disney)、奈飞(Netflix)和华纳兄弟(Warner Bros.)等电影公司的贸易组织电影和电视制片人联盟(AMPTP)周三晚间发表声明,批评该演员工会的最新提案。

声明中写道:“经过有意义的对话,可以看出电影和电视制片人联盟和美国演员工会-美国电视和广播艺人联合会之间的分歧显然过大,对话已经无法使我们的关系取得有效进展。”不过,他们都只是指责对方歪曲了协议的财务条款,因此很难了解这两方之间到底有多大的分歧。

由于美国演员工会-美国电视和广播艺人联合会提议在提供流媒体追加酬金(电影和电视制片人联盟称这将每年耗费8亿美元)的基础上付给演员“观看量提成”,电影公司拒绝继续谈判。电影和电视制片人联盟表示,他们已经向“高预算”流媒体作品的演员提供了“史无前例的基于成功度的”追加酬金。

美国演员工会-美国电视和广播艺人联合会对这种说法嗤之以鼻,称电影和电视制片人联盟的公开发言是在实施“霸凌策略”,夸大了工会提案的总成本。在X平台上发表的一份声明中,美国演员工会-美国电视和广播艺人联合会对8亿美元这一数字提出异议,称电影和电视制片人联盟在新闻发布会上将该数字夸大了60%,并认为这种做法是一种“霸凌策略”。演员们补充道,这项提议将仅会让电影公司对每个订阅用户的服务成本增加约57美分。

美国演员工会-美国电视和广播艺人联合会在X上写道:“电影公司试图沿用他们曾经对美国编剧工会(WGA)施行的失败策略,即发布误导性信息以骗取工会成员放弃团结,并对我们的谈判代表施压。但正如编剧们一样,我们的成员也很聪明,绝不会受到愚弄。”

8月,在针对长达数月、持续到夏天结束的罢工的谈判期间,电影和电视制片人联盟在离开谈判桌几分钟后发表了一份公开声明。

在最近的口水战发生之前,双方谈判了一周多一点的时间,试图结束持续了三个多月的罢工。因为没有演员,电影公司便无法继续完成正在制作的电影和电视节目。不过,或许更值得注意的是,作为罢工运动的一部分,演员不会参与已完成作品的任何宣传活动——这意味着好莱坞无法让最大牌的明星出席巡回宣传,为即将上映的大片预热。一些主要影片(包括明星荟萃的《沙丘2》(Dune: Part Two))已经将上映时间由今年年底推迟到2024年年初。

如果不能解决好莱坞的罢工问题,美国经济可能会面临真正的风险。据米尔肯研究所(Milken Institute)报告,编剧和演员罢工给美国造成了共约50亿美元的经济损失。仅在今年夏天,《芭比》(Barbie)和《奥本海默》(Oppenheimer)的双重上映就创造了营销热潮,推动夏季票房达到40亿美元。据彭博经济(Bloomberg Economics)估计,这两部电影刺激夏季的消费者支出和国际票房收入增加了约31亿美元。

整个谈判过程的争论焦点之一就是流媒体服务中的电影和电视节目的追加酬金。从历史上看,即使是最受欢迎的流媒体内容,参演的演员也不会获得额外的酬金,而不像在电视上播出或影院发布的作品。

另一个主要存在分歧的方面在于人工智能在制片中的应用,以及允许人工智能在多大程度上替代演员的表演。电影公司发布的提案中包含一些条款,可以确保演员的表演或形象不会在未经其许可的情况下被人工智能借用。电影和电视制片人联盟表示:“未经演员书面同意并说明其在电影中的预期用途,不得使用演员的数字复制品。”

为了让人们了解该声明的背景,美国演员工会-美国电视和广播艺人联合会称电影公司会在演员“入职第一天”就要求其同意这种做法。美国演员工会-美国电视和广播艺人联合会表示,复制的表演将可用于“整个电影宇宙(或所有特许经营项目)”——这意味着一旦同意使用人工智能版本的表演,这类表演将可能被应用于多个影片。(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-刘嘉欢

Hollywood may not be getting back to work for a long time, as the studios and striking actors are pointing fingers, amping up the rhetoric and far apart on financial terms. Negotiations between the actors union, SAG-AFTRA, and the studios broke down again on Wednesday night. The halt in negotiations comes after talks had resumed several weeks ago.

The AMPTP, the trade organization that represents studios including Disney, Netflix, and Warner Bros., released a statement late Wednesday night criticizing the latest offer it received from the actors’ guild.

“After meaningful conversations, it is clear that the gap between the AMPTP and SAG-AFTRA is too great, and conversations are no longer moving us in a productive direction,” the statement read. But it’s difficult to understand how far apart the two sides really are with each accusing the other of distorting the financials of the deal.

The studios declined to continue negotiations because of the actors guild’s proposal for a “viewership bonus” based on residual payments for streaming, which the AMPTP said would cost $800 million a year. The AMPTP said they had offered actors a “first-of-its-kind success-based” residual payment for “high-budget [sic]” streaming productions.

The actors’ guild scoffed at such a characterization, calling the AMPTP move to go public a “bully tactic” that had overstated the total cost of its proposal. SAG-AFTRA disputed the $800 million figure, saying it had been inflated by 60% in the AMPTP’s press release and calling it a “bully tactic” in a statement released on X. The actors added that the proposal would only have cost companies around 57 cents per subscriber.

“The companies are trying to use the same failed strategy they tried to inflict on the WGA—putting out misleading information in an attempt to fool members into abandoning our solidarity and putting pressure on our negotiators,” SAG-AFTRA posted on X. “But just like the writers, our members are smarter than that and won’t be fooled.”

In August, during the negotiations over the monthslong writers strike that stretched out over the summer, the AMPTP released a public statement just minutes after stepping away from the negotiating table.

Until the recent war of words, the two parties had been negotiating for a little over a week, in an attempt to end the strike, which has gone on for more than three months. Without the actors, studios can’t continue production of ongoing movies and TV shows. Perhaps even more notably, though, as part of their strikes actors won’t engage in any publicity for already completed projects, meaning that Hollywood can’t send its biggest stars on the press tours that gin up excitement for its biggest releases. Some major releases, including the star-studded Dune: Part Two, have already had their year-end releases postponed to early 2024.

A failure to resolve the strikes in Hollywood represents a genuine risk to the American economy. The combined writers’ and actors’ strikes cost the economy around $5 billion, according to the Milken Institute. This summer alone the dual releases of Barbie and Oppenheimer, which created a marketing bonanza, dragged the summer box office to $4 billion in ticket sales. The two movies added around $3.1 billion in consumer spending and international ticket sales over the summer, according to an estimate from Bloomberg Economics.

One of the main points of contention throughout the process has been residual payments for movies and TV shows that appear on streaming services. Actors have historically not received additional payments for even the most popular content, unlike they would for something that airs on television or is released in movie theaters.

Another major sticking point has been the use of AI in productions and to what extent it will be allowed to replicate actors’ performances. The proposal the studios released included provisions that would ensure actors not have their performances or likenesses co-opted by AI without their express permission. “No Digital Replica of the performer can be used without the performer’s written consent and description of the intended use in the film,” the AMPTP said.

The actors’ guild sought to contextualize that statement by saying the studios would demand such consent “on the first day of employment.” The replicated performance would then be available for use in ”an entire cinematic universe (or any franchise project),” SAG-ATFRA said—meaning that giving consent for use of an AI version of a performance could apply to more than one project.

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