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美联储官员表示,美国仍然有望避免陷入衰退,但加息过快令人“紧张”

美联储官员表示,美国仍然有望避免陷入衰退,但加息过快令人“紧张”

Tristan Bove 2022-09-30
许多投资者和银行家担心,美联储的相关政策或会导致经济过快降温,进而引发“硬着陆”或经济衰退。

美联储的部分官员对加息步伐过快感到忧虑。图片来源:ALEJANDRO CEGARRA/BLOOMBERG VIA GETTY IMAGES

如今,就连美联储(Federal Reserve)的一些官员也已经开始对其通胀抑制策略感到“紧张”。

截至目前,为给经济降温,美联储祭出了一系列激进的加息举措。9月21日,美联储连续第三次批准加息75个基点,联邦基金利率达到14年以来的最高水平。

但许多投资者和银行家担心,美联储的相关政策或会导致经济过快降温,进而引发“硬着陆”或经济衰退。美联储仍然相信自己可以避免此种情况,但就连部分美联储官员也已经对加息步伐过快感到忧虑。

芝加哥联邦储备银行(Chicago Federal Reserve)的行长查尔斯·埃文斯于9月27日接受美国消费者新闻与商业频道(CNBC)的《Squawk Box Europe》栏目采访时说:“这正是我有点担心的事情。”

利率风险

埃文斯称,加快加息步伐对于降低通胀是必要的。他表示:“要想在未来实现强劲经济增长,一个非常重要的基础就是稳定的低水平通胀。”

不过,虽然抑制通胀是当务之急,但美国今年的加息速度确实前所未见。

埃文斯说:“美国短期政策利率近期上升非常迅速”。他指出,美联储今年7个月内的加息幅度已经与1994年金融危机时全年的幅度相当。

一些美联储官员对快速加息持不同意见。今年7月,堪萨斯城联邦储备银行(Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City)的行长埃丝特·乔治表示,加息过快“增加了矫枉过正的可能性”,并警告称,这一政策最终可能弊大于利。

埃文斯说:“货币政策存在滞后性,而我们的行动太过迅速。”他承认,前几次加息之后,美联储“并未留出多少时间”来评估相关影响,就匆忙再次宣布加息。

埃文斯说,他对美联储能否避免矫枉过正持“谨慎乐观”的态度,并补充道,按照最新预测,美联储将在明年3月加息至4.26%后停止加息。目前,联邦基金利率处于3%至3.25%的目标区间。

埃文斯认为,当前的目标利率可能尚不足以导致经济硬着陆,就业率或许也能够“维持在衰退水平之上”。但他也警告称,要想实现这一目标,就不能出现任何可能破坏美联储计划并迫使其继续加息的意外。

他说:“经济可能会受到冲击,我们也可能遇到其他困难。”(财富中文网)

译者:梁宇

审校:夏林

如今,就连美联储(Federal Reserve)的一些官员也已经开始对其通胀抑制策略感到“紧张”。

截至目前,为给经济降温,美联储祭出了一系列激进的加息举措。9月21日,美联储连续第三次批准加息75个基点,联邦基金利率达到14年以来的最高水平。

但许多投资者和银行家担心,美联储的相关政策或会导致经济过快降温,进而引发“硬着陆”或经济衰退。美联储仍然相信自己可以避免此种情况,但就连部分美联储官员也已经对加息步伐过快感到忧虑。

芝加哥联邦储备银行(Chicago Federal Reserve)的行长查尔斯·埃文斯于9月27日接受美国消费者新闻与商业频道(CNBC)的《Squawk Box Europe》栏目采访时说:“这正是我有点担心的事情。”

利率风险

埃文斯称,加快加息步伐对于降低通胀是必要的。他表示:“要想在未来实现强劲经济增长,一个非常重要的基础就是稳定的低水平通胀。”

不过,虽然抑制通胀是当务之急,但美国今年的加息速度确实前所未见。

埃文斯说:“美国短期政策利率近期上升非常迅速”。他指出,美联储今年7个月内的加息幅度已经与1994年金融危机时全年的幅度相当。

一些美联储官员对快速加息持不同意见。今年7月,堪萨斯城联邦储备银行(Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City)的行长埃丝特·乔治表示,加息过快“增加了矫枉过正的可能性”,并警告称,这一政策最终可能弊大于利。

埃文斯说:“货币政策存在滞后性,而我们的行动太过迅速。”他承认,前几次加息之后,美联储“并未留出多少时间”来评估相关影响,就匆忙再次宣布加息。

埃文斯说,他对美联储能否避免矫枉过正持“谨慎乐观”的态度,并补充道,按照最新预测,美联储将在明年3月加息至4.26%后停止加息。目前,联邦基金利率处于3%至3.25%的目标区间。

埃文斯认为,当前的目标利率可能尚不足以导致经济硬着陆,就业率或许也能够“维持在衰退水平之上”。但他也警告称,要想实现这一目标,就不能出现任何可能破坏美联储计划并迫使其继续加息的意外。

他说:“经济可能会受到冲击,我们也可能遇到其他困难。”(财富中文网)

译者:梁宇

审校:夏林

Even some Federal Reserve officials are getting nervous about their strategy to tame inflation.

So far, the central bank’s approach has been a series of aggressive interest rate hikes to cool the economy. In September 21, it approved a 75 basis point rate hike for the third consecutive time, bringing the benchmark funds rate to its highest level in 14 years.

But many investors and bankers fear that the Fed risks cooling economic activity too quickly, and that it could lead to a “hard landing,” or recession. The central bank still believes it can avoid one—but even Fed officials are apprehensive about the pace of rising rates.

“I am a little nervous about exactly that,” Chicago Federal Reserve President Charles Evans told CNBC’s Squawk Box Europe on September 27, when asked if the bank’s interest rate hikes could cause deeper damage to the economy that the bank wouldn’t pick up on immediately.

Rate risks

Evans said that the fast pace of rate hikes is necessary to reduce inflation. “Low and stable inflation is a very important fundamental for strong growth going forward,” he said.

But while taming inflation is a priority, the speed at which interest rates have risen in the U.S. this year has been unprecedented.

“This has been a very rapid increase in our short-term policy rate,” Evans said, noting that it took the Fed seven months to raise rates this year by the same amount it did in an entire year during the 1994 financial crisis.

Some Federal Reserve officials have dissented against the rapid interest rate hikes. In July, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City President Esther George said that raising rates too fast “raises the prospect of oversteering,” and cautioned that the policy could end up doing more harm than good.

“There are lags in monetary policy, and we have moved expeditiously,” Evans said, conceding that the Fed was “not leaving much time” to assess the impact of each interest rate hike before moving on to the next one.

Evans said he remains “cautiously optimistic” that the Fed can avoid oversteering, adding that the Fed is sticking to its latest projections of ending its rate hikes after they reach 4.26% in March of next year. The federal funds rate is currently set at a target range of 3% to 3.25%.

That target might be enough to avoid a hard landing for the economy, and could lead to employment “stabilizing at something that still is not a recession,” Evans said. But he also cautioned that this target depends on no surprises that could derail the Fed’s game plan, and force it to keep raising rates.

“There could be shocks, there could be other difficulties,” he said.

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