立即打开
美股新年表现不佳,可能有三个原因

美股新年表现不佳,可能有三个原因

WILL DANIEL 2024-01-05
今年前两个交易日跌幅超过了1.5%。

2023年1月2日,纽约证券交易所内的交易员。摄影:MICHAEL NAGLE —— 彭博社/盖蒂图片社

凯投宏观(Capital Economics)副首席市场经济学家乔纳斯·戈特曼在周三的一份报告中表示:“可以说,2024年伊始,金融市场经历了些许‘宿醉感’。”事实上,在2024年,随着生活恢复正常,股市的初步表现与2023年的暴涨形成鲜明对比。以科技股为主的纳斯达克综合指数的表现最为糟糕,该指数在2023年暴涨了近40%,但今年前两个交易日跌幅超过了1.5%。

戈特曼警告,对于股市在新年前两个交易日的表现,应避免“过度解读”,但他认为,思考股市下跌的“合理的解释”,以及“它们对于今年的意义”,有这些想法是合理的。

几天前,美股似乎即将势不可挡地再创新高,但这个预测却出现了小小的失误,这位经济学家强调了出现这种情况的三个关键原因。戈特曼提出的一些原因是良性的,但有些原因却可能对全球经济和股市产生严重的长期影响。

1. 大涨之后自然会有盘整

首先是良性的原因。简单来说,股市的趋势并非一条直线。即使在经济繁荣时期,股市具备了所有暴涨的条件,也依旧总会有下跌的时候。

但在2023年最后几个月,股市以一波惊人的上涨,逆转了这番趋势。2023年年底,标普500指数连续九周上涨,创下34年来持续时间最长的连续上涨。为什么股市会在新年下跌?

戈德曼解释称:“第一个也是最简单的解释是,2023年最后两个月,大多数资产类别都经历了强势反弹,因此在某个时间点,往往会出现一段时间的盘整或回调。”

基础设施资本管理公司(Infrastructure Capital Management)创始人兼CEO杰伊·哈特菲尔德表示,交易员的心理和在新年获利的税收优势,影响了当前的市场盘整周期。 “我们经历了连续大涨,因此每个人都获利丰厚。所以他们会说:‘市场看起来有些疲软,我为什么不先把一些收益变现?’

虽然近期股市下跌,但哈特菲尔德表示,他对股市的乐观展望“保持不变”,包括他预测标普500指数到年底将达到5,500点的目标点位。他认为,股市最近的表现不佳只是去年暴涨之后“正常的”盘整周期,并不预示着还会有更糟糕的事情发生。

2. 对央行“不太有利的”前景展望的担忧

股市最近的疲软背后,也有一些不太乐观的原因。凯投宏观的戈特曼担心,12月,投资者为美联储结束加息而欢呼,但本周,美联储官员更加鹰派的言论,可能令投资者大感意外。戈特曼在报告中提到了里士满联储(Richmond Fed)主席托马斯·巴尔金的说法。他表示:“政策制定者……试图打消人们认为美国即将降息的观点。”

周三,巴尔金在罗利商会(Raleigh Chamber of Commerce)演讲时表示,虽然现在美国经济有可能实现“软着陆”,但如果通胀问题依旧没有解决,美联储官员仍有可能在未来几个月继续加息。戈德曼写道:“这条信息或许现在开始产生了一些影响。”他表示,一些投资者认为,今年美联储降息的力度可能不及他们之前的预测,这会影响股市。

凯投宏观认为,美联储加息依旧“令人难以置信”。戈德曼写道:“我们认为美联储和其他大多数主要国家的央行,将在不久之后开始降低政策利率。”

他认为,周三发布的联邦公开市场委员会(FOMC)会议记录显示,美联储官员认为他们抑制通胀的努力取得了显著进展,并且他们预测将降息,但他们依旧无法就降息时机和程度达成一致。会议记录显示,政策利率路径存在“极高的不确定性”,这依旧令一些投资者担忧。

杰富瑞集团(Jefferies)高级经济学家托马斯·西蒙斯在周三的报告中解释称,联邦公开市场委员会的会议记录比美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔在12月的新闻发布会上的讲话“更加鹰派”。他认为,美联储官员的话经常被“曲解”,以避免“鸽派措辞”。

3. 红海航线受阻引发对通胀的担忧

最后,随着以色列继续轰炸加沙地区,中东地区的局势依旧紧张。胡塞武装对红海的货轮发动袭击,而红海是全球供应链的关键节点。每年,全球约15%的水运交通,包括油轮和集装箱货轮,需要途径红海向世界各地运输从芯片到谷物等各种商品。

周末,紧张局势进一步升级,在一艘货轮遭到袭击后,美国海军的直升机摧毁了三艘胡塞武装的船只;作为回应,伊朗部署了一艘军舰。

马士基(Maersk)和地中海航运公司(Mediterranean Shipping Co.,MSC)等航运巨头,也暂停了红海业务,导致许多集装箱货轮不得不绕道南非,向西方国家运送货物。投资者担心,红海危机导致的航运成本上涨和供应链问题,会引发新一轮通货膨胀,但凯投宏观的戈尔曼表示,这种情况不太可能发生。真正的风险是以哈战争“升级成为更大规模的地区冲突”。

他解释称:“这种情况可能对全球经济前景产生更严重的影响,包括能源价格再次上涨,从而可能推迟美联储放宽货币政策的时间,这会对大多数资产价格产生负面影响。”

尽管中东紧张局势不断升级,但戈尔曼表示他不太担心产油国之间的冲突会进一步升级。而且今年利率高于预期的威胁,也不足以改变他对股市的乐观前景预测。

他总结道:“总体而言,我们认为大环境依旧有利于债市和股市。近期可能会出现一些动荡,但我们认为,向更宽松的货币政策转变,将成为2024年的主题。”(财富中文网)

翻译:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

凯投宏观(Capital Economics)副首席市场经济学家乔纳斯·戈特曼在周三的一份报告中表示:“可以说,2024年伊始,金融市场经历了些许‘宿醉感’。”事实上,在2024年,随着生活恢复正常,股市的初步表现与2023年的暴涨形成鲜明对比。以科技股为主的纳斯达克综合指数的表现最为糟糕,该指数在2023年暴涨了近40%,但今年前两个交易日跌幅超过了1.5%。

戈特曼警告,对于股市在新年前两个交易日的表现,应避免“过度解读”,但他认为,思考股市下跌的“合理的解释”,以及“它们对于今年的意义”,有这些想法是合理的。

几天前,美股似乎即将势不可挡地再创新高,但这个预测却出现了小小的失误,这位经济学家强调了出现这种情况的三个关键原因。戈特曼提出的一些原因是良性的,但有些原因却可能对全球经济和股市产生严重的长期影响。

1. 大涨之后自然会有盘整

首先是良性的原因。简单来说,股市的趋势并非一条直线。即使在经济繁荣时期,股市具备了所有暴涨的条件,也依旧总会有下跌的时候。

但在2023年最后几个月,股市以一波惊人的上涨,逆转了这番趋势。2023年年底,标普500指数连续九周上涨,创下34年来持续时间最长的连续上涨。为什么股市会在新年下跌?

戈德曼解释称:“第一个也是最简单的解释是,2023年最后两个月,大多数资产类别都经历了强势反弹,因此在某个时间点,往往会出现一段时间的盘整或回调。”

基础设施资本管理公司(Infrastructure Capital Management)创始人兼CEO杰伊·哈特菲尔德表示,交易员的心理和在新年获利的税收优势,影响了当前的市场盘整周期。 “我们经历了连续大涨,因此每个人都获利丰厚。所以他们会说:‘市场看起来有些疲软,我为什么不先把一些收益变现?’

虽然近期股市下跌,但哈特菲尔德表示,他对股市的乐观展望“保持不变”,包括他预测标普500指数到年底将达到5,500点的目标点位。他认为,股市最近的表现不佳只是去年暴涨之后“正常的”盘整周期,并不预示着还会有更糟糕的事情发生。

2. 对央行“不太有利的”前景展望的担忧

股市最近的疲软背后,也有一些不太乐观的原因。凯投宏观的戈特曼担心,12月,投资者为美联储结束加息而欢呼,但本周,美联储官员更加鹰派的言论,可能令投资者大感意外。戈特曼在报告中提到了里士满联储(Richmond Fed)主席托马斯·巴尔金的说法。他表示:“政策制定者……试图打消人们认为美国即将降息的观点。”

周三,巴尔金在罗利商会(Raleigh Chamber of Commerce)演讲时表示,虽然现在美国经济有可能实现“软着陆”,但如果通胀问题依旧没有解决,美联储官员仍有可能在未来几个月继续加息。戈德曼写道:“这条信息或许现在开始产生了一些影响。”他表示,一些投资者认为,今年美联储降息的力度可能不及他们之前的预测,这会影响股市。

凯投宏观认为,美联储加息依旧“令人难以置信”。戈德曼写道:“我们认为美联储和其他大多数主要国家的央行,将在不久之后开始降低政策利率。”

他认为,周三发布的联邦公开市场委员会(FOMC)会议记录显示,美联储官员认为他们抑制通胀的努力取得了显著进展,并且他们预测将降息,但他们依旧无法就降息时机和程度达成一致。会议记录显示,政策利率路径存在“极高的不确定性”,这依旧令一些投资者担忧。

杰富瑞集团(Jefferies)高级经济学家托马斯·西蒙斯在周三的报告中解释称,联邦公开市场委员会的会议记录比美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔在12月的新闻发布会上的讲话“更加鹰派”。他认为,美联储官员的话经常被“曲解”,以避免“鸽派措辞”。

3. 红海航线受阻引发对通胀的担忧

最后,随着以色列继续轰炸加沙地区,中东地区的局势依旧紧张。胡塞武装对红海的货轮发动袭击,而红海是全球供应链的关键节点。每年,全球约15%的水运交通,包括油轮和集装箱货轮,需要途径红海向世界各地运输从芯片到谷物等各种商品。

周末,紧张局势进一步升级,在一艘货轮遭到袭击后,美国海军的直升机摧毁了三艘胡塞武装的船只;作为回应,伊朗部署了一艘军舰。

马士基(Maersk)和地中海航运公司(Mediterranean Shipping Co.,MSC)等航运巨头,也暂停了红海业务,导致许多集装箱货轮不得不绕道南非,向西方国家运送货物。投资者担心,红海危机导致的航运成本上涨和供应链问题,会引发新一轮通货膨胀,但凯投宏观的戈尔曼表示,这种情况不太可能发生。真正的风险是以哈战争“升级成为更大规模的地区冲突”。

他解释称:“这种情况可能对全球经济前景产生更严重的影响,包括能源价格再次上涨,从而可能推迟美联储放宽货币政策的时间,这会对大多数资产价格产生负面影响。”

尽管中东紧张局势不断升级,但戈尔曼表示他不太担心产油国之间的冲突会进一步升级。而且今年利率高于预期的威胁,也不足以改变他对股市的乐观前景预测。

他总结道:“总体而言,我们认为大环境依旧有利于债市和股市。近期可能会出现一些动荡,但我们认为,向更宽松的货币政策转变,将成为2024年的主题。”(财富中文网)

翻译:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

“It’s fair to say that financial markets have started 2024 with something of a mild hangover,” Jonas Goltermann, Capital Economics’ deputy chief markets economist, said in a Wednesday note. Indeed, as normal life resumes in 2024, the stock market’s early returns are sounding a different tune to their surge in 2023. The tech-heavy Nasdaq Composite is seeing the worst of it, falling more than 1.5% in the first two days of trading this year after soaring nearly 40% in 2023.

Goltermann cautioned against “reading too much into” stocks’ performance in the first couple of days of trading in the new year, but argued that it makes sense to think about “plausible explanations” for the drop and “what they imply for the year ahead.”

The economist highlighted three key reasons why stocks are experiencing a slight misstep on what seemed to be an inevitable and imminent rise to a record high just days ago. Some of Goltermann’s reasons are benign, but some could have serious long-term implications for the global economy and markets.

1. Consolidation is natural after big gains

Let’s start with the benign. To put it simply, stocks don’t move in a straight line. Even when the economy is booming and all the right conditions exist for equities to soar, there are always down days.

In the final few months of 2023, however, stocks bucked that trend with an incredible run of form. The S&P 500 rose for nine consecutive weeks to end 2023, the longest streak of gains in 34 years. So why are stocks down in the new year?

“The first and simplest explanation is that after a torrid rally across most asset classes over the last two months of 2023, a period of consolidation or correction was always likely at some point,” Goltermann explained.

Jay Hatfield, founder and CEO of Infrastructure Capital Management, noted that trader psychology—and the tax advantages of taking profits in the new year—are playing into the ongoing period of market consolidation. “We had a big run-up, so everybody has a bunch of gains. So they’re all saying: ‘Markets kind of look weak, why don’t I take some gains?’”

Despite the recent downturn, Hatfield said that his bullish outlook for stocks—which includes a 5,500 year-end price target for the S&P 500—“remains intact.” The recent underperformance is just a “normal” period of consolidation after last year’s surge, in his view, and not a harbinger of worse things to come.

2. Fears over a ‘less favorable’ outlook from central banks

But there may also be less benign reasons behind the stock market’s current weakness. Capital Economics’ Goltermann fears that investors celebrating the end of the Federal Reserve’s interest rate hiking campaign in December may have been surprised by more hawkish rhetoric from Fed officials this week. “Policymakers have … sought to push back against the perception that rate cuts are imminent,” Goltermann wrote, pointing to recent comments by Richmond Fed president Thomas Barkin.

Barkin said in a speech before the Raleigh Chamber of Commerce Wednesday that although a “soft landing” is now likely, Fed officials could still raise interest rates further in the coming months if inflation remains an issue. “Perhaps that message is starting to cut some ice,” Goltermann wrote, implying some investors believe there could be fewer interest rate cuts than they previously forecast this year, which would weigh on stocks.

Still, the idea that the Fed would hike interest rates is “highly implausible,” according to Capital Economics. “We think the Fed, and most other major central banks, will start cutting policy rates before long,” Goltermann wrote.

To his point, the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meeting minutes released Wednesday showed Fed officials believe they’ve made substantial progress in taming inflation and expect to cut interest rates, but they still can’t agree on the timing and depth of those interest rate cuts. There was an “unusually elevated degree of uncertainty” around the policy rate path, the minutes read—and that still has some investors worried.

The FOMC minutes were “quite a bit more hawkish” than Fed Chair Jerome Powell’s December press conference, Jefferies senior economist Thomas Simons explained in a Wednesday note, arguing language was often “contorted” to avoid “dovish phrasing.”

3. Disrupted shipping routes in the Red Sea spark inflation concerns

Finally, tensions in the Middle East remain high as Israel continues its bombing campaign in Gaza. Houthi militants have attacked cargo vessels in the Red Sea, a critical juncture for global supply chains. Roughly 15% of the world’s shipping traffic makes its way through the Red Sea each year, including oil tankers and container ships transporting everything from semiconductors to grain.

In an escalation of tensions over the weekend, U.S. Navy helicopters destroyed three Houthi boats after an attack on a shipping vessel; Iran has responded by deploying a warship.

Shipping giants, including Maersk and the Mediterranean Shipping Co. (MSC), have suspended operations in the Red Sea as well, forcing many container ships to go around South Africa in order to deliver cargo to the West. The fear is that increased shipping costs and supply-chain issues from the Red Sea crisis will lead to a renewed surge in inflation, but Capital Economics’ Goltermann said that’s unlikely. The real risk is that the Israel-Hamas war “escalates to a wider regional conflict.”

“Such a development could have more serious implications for the global economic outlook, including the potential for another energy price spike that might set back the timing of monetary policy easing – with negative consequences for most asset prices,” he explained.

Despite rising tensions in the Middle East, further escalation of the conflict among oil producing nations isn’t a big concern for Goltermann. And the threat of higher than forecast interest rates this year isn’t enough to change his bullish outlook for stocks either.

“On balance, we think the big picture remains constructive for both bonds and equities,” he concluded. “Some further near-term turbulence may be likely, but we think that the shift towards less restrictive monetary policy will be the dominant theme of 2024.”

热读文章
热门视频
扫描二维码下载财富APP