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美国银行的调查显示,千禧一代是最痴迷于拥有住房的一代

美国银行的调查显示,千禧一代是最痴迷于拥有住房的一代

SYDNEY LAKE 2023-12-12
令人却步的房地产市场状况并没有影响他们买房的决心。

尽管房子非常重要,但拥有一套自己的住房越来越遥不可及,特别是对于千禧一代(35-45岁),因为他们面临着“更沉重的经济负担”。图片来源:GETTY IMAGES

抵押贷款利率达到22年来的最高水平,房价的不断上涨——这些因素使千禧一代很难拥有一套属于自己的住房。但到目前为止,令人却步的房地产市场状况并没有影响他们买房的决心。

美国银行研究所(Bank of America Institute)的一份最新报告显示,拥有自己的住房是年轻一代最关心的问题。约60%的Z世代和近60%的千禧一代受访者表示,他们认为拥有自己的房子比他们父母那一代更重要。美国银行的另一项调查显示,受访者将“拥有住房”列为财务成功的首要标志,而在衡量总体成功的指标中,“拥有住房”位列第五,排在“组建家庭”和“职业成就”等指标之前。

美国银行的分析表明,尽管房子非常重要,但拥有一套自己的住房越来越遥不可及,特别是对于千禧一代(35-45岁),因为他们面临着“更沉重的经济负担”。这一群体在未偿还学生贷款中的占比最大,信用卡拖欠率上升速度最快。

美国银行消费贷款主管马特•弗农对《财富》杂志表示:“考虑到诸多因素的影响,很难直接比较是千禧一代还是他们的父母在买房过程中面临更多挑战。不过,千禧一代面临着他们这一代特有的挑战。”他指出,高房价和高利率是千禧一代需要应对的最大挑战。

或许,正是这种遥不可及的状况促使这一代人意识到,买房是积累财富的关键一步。

弗农表示:“虽然他们的父母和祖父母当时买房的行情可能更有利,但千禧一代可能认为,通过购房积累资产尤为重要,因为通胀继续使生活费用居高不下。”

其他几位房地产市场专家、经济学家和千禧一代高管分享了他们对年轻一代痴迷于拥有住房的看法。

可能造成年轻一代痴迷买房的一个原因是:来自同龄人的压力越来越大,而社交媒体又加剧了这种压力。

33岁的埃琳娜•努涅斯•库珀是Ascend PR的CEO。她在接受《财富》杂志采访时表示:“通常情况下,特别是在科技领域,千禧一代的收入超过了他们父母在相同年龄段时的收入,同时社会的压力让他们觉得自己必须买房,或者至少买一套公寓。在社交媒体上,大量‘一夜暴富的人群’展示他们的大房子、超级跑车和看似无限的财富,以此炫耀他们的‘完美生活’,这迫使千禧一代要么出众,要么出局。”

库珀补充道:“即使有的千禧一代不喜欢社交媒体,但也有其他媒体不断宣传这样的观点:作为一个30多岁的人,房子是必需品;如果你没有房子,你一定是生活的失败者。”

千禧一代积累财富的途径很少

对于冰冷、坚硬的房子的渴望,可能也反映了这一代人的成长。他们经历了很多,先是全球金融危机,从危机中缓慢复苏,再是新冠疫情和40年来最高的通胀水平。尽管千禧一代可能比他们父母在同年龄段赚得多,但他们的支出也更高。生活成本只会增加,学生贷款和其他债务不断累积,而且通货膨胀似乎也不会很快消失。

美国人口普查局(U.S. Census Bureau)的数据显示,2020年,千禧一代家庭的收入中位数为71,566美元。但这个数字掩盖了一个事实,即与过去几十年相比,现在的家庭中工作的成年人数量更多。尽管收入中位数有所上升,但收入变得更加不平等,这意味着最低收入者很难达到这个数字。与此同时,住房在支出预算中的占比也在不断增加。《卫报》最近的一份报告显示,在20世纪90年代,一个普通的购房者可能要花费三年的收入来购买一套房子;而在今年,购买一套房子的支出高达购房者年收入的5.3倍。难怪大多数美国人会怀疑,如今的年轻人在经济条件上是否会比他们的父母过得更好。

一些专家认为,千禧一代渴望拥有自己的住房,是因为要摆脱不断上涨的租金。Rent.com在11月份发布的报告显示,自疫情爆发以来,全国房租上涨了20%以上,这意味着每月的支出增加了340多美元。

迈克尔•维斯图托是有20年从业经验的拉斯维加斯房地产经纪人。他表示:“这种市场行情迫使千禧一代尽早买房,以免被高房价挤出市场。通过尽早买房,他们可以增加资产净值,为将来通过房产实现财务独立和财富积累打下基础。这种情况与他们父母所处的竞争压力小的环境形成了鲜明对比,所以尽早拥有住房对他们父母那一代来说没有那么重要。”

买房是千禧一代为数不多的有效积累财富的方式之一。拥有15年抵押贷款经验的马修•里奇对《财富》杂志表示,千禧一代把买房看作是一项有价值的投资,而不是财务负担。

丘吉尔抵押贷款公司(Churchill Mortgage)的住房贷款专家里奇表示:“与他们父母那代相比,千禧一代更关注财务投资和独立。”他还列举了一些在线投资工具和其他策略,这些工具和策略让千禧一代更好地了解通过投资(包括买房)来增加自己的资产净值。

大通银行(Chase)最近的一项调查显示,虽然90%的千禧一代和Z世代认为买房是一项“明智的投资”,但超过一半的受访者接受共同拥有一套住房。千禧一代的家庭中已经开始出现这种趋势,即朋友和家人一起买房。

当然,有些千禧一代梦想着拥有一栋带白色尖桩篱笆的独户住宅,但也有千禧一代只是把购房视作一项明智的财务决策。Zillow在11月发布的一份报告显示,越来越多人在“以租养贷”,即将房屋的部分或全部出租以获得额外收入。

千禧一代和Z世代这样做的目的,是为了支付高昂的房价和抵押贷款利息。超过一半的千禧一代和Z世代购房者认为,“以租养贷”对他们购买房产“非常”或“极其”重要,而在所有年龄段的购房者中,这一比例为39%。

不过,并非所有经济学家都认同这种代际之间的比较。LendingTree高级经济学家雅各布•沙内乐认为,虽然今天的年轻人面临的压力的确更大,但美国银行的研究并不是完全公平的比较,因为很难确定如何对不同世代的人在同一年龄段进行比较。

他对《财富》杂志表示:“这只是因为,一个群体(千禧一代)现在比另一个群体(父母一代)在过去某个时间点更想做某件事(比如拥有住房),但不代表他们一定会这样做。然而,很显然,拥有住房对大多数美国人来说仍然很重要,无论他们属于哪一代人。”(财富中文网)

翻译:郝秀

审校:汪皓

抵押贷款利率达到22年来的最高水平,房价的不断上涨——这些因素使千禧一代很难拥有一套属于自己的住房。但到目前为止,令人却步的房地产市场状况并没有影响他们买房的决心。

美国银行研究所(Bank of America Institute)的一份最新报告显示,拥有自己的住房是年轻一代最关心的问题。约60%的Z世代和近60%的千禧一代受访者表示,他们认为拥有自己的房子比他们父母那一代更重要。美国银行的另一项调查显示,受访者将“拥有住房”列为财务成功的首要标志,而在衡量总体成功的指标中,“拥有住房”位列第五,排在“组建家庭”和“职业成就”等指标之前。

美国银行的分析表明,尽管房子非常重要,但拥有一套自己的住房越来越遥不可及,特别是对于千禧一代(35-45岁),因为他们面临着“更沉重的经济负担”。这一群体在未偿还学生贷款中的占比最大,信用卡拖欠率上升速度最快。

美国银行消费贷款主管马特•弗农对《财富》杂志表示:“考虑到诸多因素的影响,很难直接比较是千禧一代还是他们的父母在买房过程中面临更多挑战。不过,千禧一代面临着他们这一代特有的挑战。”他指出,高房价和高利率是千禧一代需要应对的最大挑战。

或许,正是这种遥不可及的状况促使这一代人意识到,买房是积累财富的关键一步。

弗农表示:“虽然他们的父母和祖父母当时买房的行情可能更有利,但千禧一代可能认为,通过购房积累资产尤为重要,因为通胀继续使生活费用居高不下。”

其他几位房地产市场专家、经济学家和千禧一代高管分享了他们对年轻一代痴迷于拥有住房的看法。

可能造成年轻一代痴迷买房的一个原因是:来自同龄人的压力越来越大,而社交媒体又加剧了这种压力。

33岁的埃琳娜•努涅斯•库珀是Ascend PR的CEO。她在接受《财富》杂志采访时表示:“通常情况下,特别是在科技领域,千禧一代的收入超过了他们父母在相同年龄段时的收入,同时社会的压力让他们觉得自己必须买房,或者至少买一套公寓。在社交媒体上,大量‘一夜暴富的人群’展示他们的大房子、超级跑车和看似无限的财富,以此炫耀他们的‘完美生活’,这迫使千禧一代要么出众,要么出局。”

库珀补充道:“即使有的千禧一代不喜欢社交媒体,但也有其他媒体不断宣传这样的观点:作为一个30多岁的人,房子是必需品;如果你没有房子,你一定是生活的失败者。”

千禧一代积累财富的途径很少

对于冰冷、坚硬的房子的渴望,可能也反映了这一代人的成长。他们经历了很多,先是全球金融危机,从危机中缓慢复苏,再是新冠疫情和40年来最高的通胀水平。尽管千禧一代可能比他们父母在同年龄段赚得多,但他们的支出也更高。生活成本只会增加,学生贷款和其他债务不断累积,而且通货膨胀似乎也不会很快消失。

美国人口普查局(U.S. Census Bureau)的数据显示,2020年,千禧一代家庭的收入中位数为71,566美元。但这个数字掩盖了一个事实,即与过去几十年相比,现在的家庭中工作的成年人数量更多。尽管收入中位数有所上升,但收入变得更加不平等,这意味着最低收入者很难达到这个数字。与此同时,住房在支出预算中的占比也在不断增加。《卫报》最近的一份报告显示,在20世纪90年代,一个普通的购房者可能要花费三年的收入来购买一套房子;而在今年,购买一套房子的支出高达购房者年收入的5.3倍。难怪大多数美国人会怀疑,如今的年轻人在经济条件上是否会比他们的父母过得更好。

一些专家认为,千禧一代渴望拥有自己的住房,是因为要摆脱不断上涨的租金。Rent.com在11月份发布的报告显示,自疫情爆发以来,全国房租上涨了20%以上,这意味着每月的支出增加了340多美元。

迈克尔•维斯图托是有20年从业经验的拉斯维加斯房地产经纪人。他表示:“这种市场行情迫使千禧一代尽早买房,以免被高房价挤出市场。通过尽早买房,他们可以增加资产净值,为将来通过房产实现财务独立和财富积累打下基础。这种情况与他们父母所处的竞争压力小的环境形成了鲜明对比,所以尽早拥有住房对他们父母那一代来说没有那么重要。”

买房是千禧一代为数不多的有效积累财富的方式之一。拥有15年抵押贷款经验的马修•里奇对《财富》杂志表示,千禧一代把买房看作是一项有价值的投资,而不是财务负担。

丘吉尔抵押贷款公司(Churchill Mortgage)的住房贷款专家里奇表示:“与他们父母那代相比,千禧一代更关注财务投资和独立。”他还列举了一些在线投资工具和其他策略,这些工具和策略让千禧一代更好地了解通过投资(包括买房)来增加自己的资产净值。

大通银行(Chase)最近的一项调查显示,虽然90%的千禧一代和Z世代认为买房是一项“明智的投资”,但超过一半的受访者接受共同拥有一套住房。千禧一代的家庭中已经开始出现这种趋势,即朋友和家人一起买房。

当然,有些千禧一代梦想着拥有一栋带白色尖桩篱笆的独户住宅,但也有千禧一代只是把购房视作一项明智的财务决策。Zillow在11月发布的一份报告显示,越来越多人在“以租养贷”,即将房屋的部分或全部出租以获得额外收入。

千禧一代和Z世代这样做的目的,是为了支付高昂的房价和抵押贷款利息。超过一半的千禧一代和Z世代购房者认为,“以租养贷”对他们购买房产“非常”或“极其”重要,而在所有年龄段的购房者中,这一比例为39%。

不过,并非所有经济学家都认同这种代际之间的比较。LendingTree高级经济学家雅各布•沙内乐认为,虽然今天的年轻人面临的压力的确更大,但美国银行的研究并不是完全公平的比较,因为很难确定如何对不同世代的人在同一年龄段进行比较。

他对《财富》杂志表示:“这只是因为,一个群体(千禧一代)现在比另一个群体(父母一代)在过去某个时间点更想做某件事(比如拥有住房),但不代表他们一定会这样做。然而,很显然,拥有住房对大多数美国人来说仍然很重要,无论他们属于哪一代人。”(财富中文网)

翻译:郝秀

审校:汪皓

The highest mortgage rates in a generation and ever-rising home prices are conspiring to lock millennials out of homeownership, but the daunting state of the housing market hasn’t hurt their determination to break in—so far.

Indeed, a new report by the Bank of America Institute suggests that homeownership is a top concern for younger generations: Some 60% of Gen Z respondents, and nearly 60% of millennials, said they think homeownership is more important than it was during their parents’ generation. In a separate BofA survey, respondents cited owning a home as their number one signal of financial success, and fifth on the list of success overall, ahead of options like “building a family” and “career fulfillment.”

Despite its importance, this marker of adulthood is ever further out of reach, especially for older millennials (aged 35–45) who face a “bigger financial burden” with the largest share of outstanding student loans and the fastest rise in credit card delinquencies, according to BofA’s analysis.

“While it’s tricky to draw a direct comparison between whether millennials or their parents face more barriers to homeownership given the numerous variables at play, it’s fair to say that millennials are faced with their own unique set of challenges,” Matt Vernon, BofA head of consumer lending, tells Fortune, noting that high home prices and interest rates rank at the top of millennials’ list of challenges.

That very inaccessibility is likely driving this generation to recognize that buying a house is a critical step for building wealth.

“While their parents and grandparents may have been able to do so in more favorable markets, millennials may perceive that building equity through the purchase of a home is especially important as inflation continues to keep living expenses high,” Vernon says.

Several other housing market experts, economists, and millennial executives shared their own theories about the younger generation’s real estate obsession.

One major possibility: The heat is on from their peers, and social media is making it worse.

“On average, especially in the tech space, millennials are making more than their parents did at their comparative age and are feeling the pressure of society to buy a house, or at minimum, a condo,” Elena Nunez Cooper, the 33-year-old CEO of Ascend PR, tells Fortune. “On social media, a plethora of ‘instant millionaires’ showing off their ‘perfect lives’ with big houses, supercars, and seemingly unlimited wealth pressures millennials to go big or go home.”

“Even if a millennial prefers to stay off social media, there is a constant flow of media that pushes the idea that owning a home as a thirtysomething is a must, and if you do not have a home, you must be failing at life,” Cooper adds.

Few ways for millennials to grow wealth

The desire for cold, hard property likely also reflects this generation’s coming of age, starting with the Global Financial Crisis, the sluggish recovery from it, then the COVID-19 pandemic and the highest inflation in 40 years. Even though millennials may be making more than their parents at the same age, they’re spending more too. Cost of living has only increased, student loans and other debts keep piling up, and inflation doesn’t seem to be letting up any time soon.

In 2020, the median millennial household made $71,566, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. But that figure obscures the fact that today’s households have more adults working than in previous decades. Despite the rise of the median, incomes have become more unequal, meaning that the lowest earners are struggling to keep up. In the meantime, housing is taking up an ever-growing share of the budget. A recent Guardian report found that, through the 1990s, a typical homebuyer could expect to pay three times their annual income for a home; by this year, that figure had ballooned to 5.3. It’s no wonder that most Americans doubt today’s younger generations will do better than their parents economically.

Indeed, some experts suggest that millennials yearn for homeownership as a reprieve from runaway rental prices. Since the start of the pandemic, rents are up by more than 20% nationwide, adding more than $340 to monthly bills, according to Rent.com’s November report.

“This situation puts pressure on millennials to buy homes early to avoid being priced out of the market,” says Michael Vestuto, a Las Vegas realtor with two decades of experience. “Early homeownership allows them to build equity, paving the way for future financial independence and wealth accumulation through real estate. This contrasts with the less competitive environment their parents encountered, making early homeownership less critical for them.”

Housing in one of very few remaining ways for millennials to meaningfully build wealth. Millennials see buying a home as a valuable investment instead of a financial liability, Matthew Ricci, a 15-year mortgage lending veteran, tells Fortune.

“Millennials are much more engaged with financial investing and independence than their parents’ generation,” says Ricci, a home loan specialist at Churchill Mortgage, citing online investment tools and other strategies that give this generation a better understanding of growing their net worth through investments—including real estate.

A recent survey by Chase shows that while 90% of millennials and Gen Zers see owning a home as a “smart investment,” more than half are open to coownership. We’re already starting to see this trend more in millennial homes, where friends and family are buying homes together.

Sure, some millennials are drawn to the idea of a white picket fence and nesting, but other members of this generation strictly see homebuying as a smart financial move. Indeed, there has been an increase in the practice of “house hacking,” or renting out part or all of a home for extra income, a November Zillow report shows.

Millennials and Gen Zers are doing this in order to afford sky-high home prices and steep mortgage rates. More than half of these buyers view house hacking as “very” or “extremely” important in being able to afford a home, compared to 39% of homebuyers of all ages.

Still, not all economists are buying the generational narrative. LendingTree Senior Economist Jacob Channel argues that while today’s young people certainly could be facing greater pressures, BofA’s study isn’t exactly comparing apples to apples. That’s because it’s difficult to nail down how members of different generations actually compare to one another at the same age, he says.

“Just because a group feels like they currently want to do something, like own a home, more than another group did sometime in the past, that doesn’t mean that they actually do,” he tells Fortune. However, “it’s nonetheless still clear that homeownership is still important to most Americans, regardless of which generation they come from.”

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