立即打开
美国企业招聘热度下降,有经济学家认为这是好消息

美国企业招聘热度下降,有经济学家认为这是好消息

WILL DANIEL 2023-12-09
美联储终于可以结束加息了。

摄影:JUSTIN SULLIVAN/盖蒂图片社

最新数据表明,美国公司在后疫情时代的招聘热潮即将结束。美国劳工统计局(Bureau of Labor Statistics)周二的报告显示,10月,美国职位空缺减少了61.7万个,降至32个月最低的873万个。

这个数字远低于外界普遍预测的940万个,但大多数经济学家和华尔街公司领导者似乎对此并不担心。事实恰恰相反。Indeed Hiring Lab的经济研究总监尼克·邦克谈到职位空缺数据时表示:“这份报告应该可以让人们过一个快乐的节日。”

邦克和其他许多经济学家对降温的劳动力市场感到乐观,因为这正是美联储控制通胀的目标。自从2022年3月美联储官员为了控制持续上涨的消费物价而进行加息以来,他们曾警告需要降低劳动力市场的增长速度。

尤其是今年随着通胀稳定下降,美联储认为职位空缺与失业人数的比例升高,证明劳动力市场过热,必须通过加息使其降温。但10月,职位空缺与失业人数的比例,从几个月前的2比1下降至1.3比1。

现在,有许多专家相信,美联储可以结束加息。银率网(Bankrate)高级经济分析师马克·哈姆里克周二表示:“美联储最好结束本轮加息周期。”他指出,虽然美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔最近发表了鹰派言论,“许多投资者和其他观察家都认为,美联储可能在2024年开始实行宽松货币政策,或者降息。”

周二,10年期国债收益率下降至只有4.18%,为自9月初以来的最低水平,这可以证明,债券市场预测美联储将在明年降息。这对于企业和消费者而言是好消息。过去几年,借款成本上涨令他们苦不堪言。而且,这也可能表明美国会实现“软着陆”,即通胀下降但不会引发经济衰退。

“软着陆”阵营的更多好消息

过去两年多,美国陷入经济衰退的概率问题引起了激烈争论,而最新的职位空缺数据给华尔街的乐观主义者们提供了有力证据。现在,许多专家相信,最新职位空缺数据表明美国经济将避免经济衰退。

Indeed的邦克表示:“美国经济软着陆的概率不断提高。”他指出,虽然10月职位空缺数量减少,但公司招聘和员工辞职率实际上保持稳定,这“证明劳动力市场并没有出现断崖式下跌”。

与此同时,虽然职位空缺数量从2022年3月1,200万的最高点大幅减少,但10月的873万个职位空缺,依旧远高于疫情之前的水平。例如,2020年1月,美国的职位空缺只有约700万个。

但有明显的迹象表明,美国的劳动力市场正在降温,例如美国的失业率从4月的3.4%提高到上个月的3.9%。银率网的哈姆里克周二还表示“预计就业市场会继续降温”。但这并不意味着经济衰退不可避免。他说道:“虽然从去年[2022年]年初以来就有人预测经济衰退近在眼前,但美国经济依旧表现出远超预期的韧性。”

哈姆里克表示,最新职位空缺数据表明,2024年最有可能出现的情况是“软着陆”,但“并不能完全排除短期轻度衰退的可能性”。

但怀疑论者依旧不相信

对美联储而言,最近劳动力市场增速放缓,在短期内可能是好消息,但如果这种状况持续太长时间,就有可能发生经济衰退。由维罗妮卡·克拉克领导的花旗集团(Citi)经济学家们,在周二发布的一份报告中表示,他们担心2024年可能会发生经济衰退。克拉克预测,随着美联储加息对经济的滞后影响显现,目前劳动力市场再平衡可能演变成更糟糕的局面,她认为明年职位空缺还会大幅减少。

她警告称:“劳动力市场指标会从‘软着陆’水平过渡到‘硬着陆’水平。”她指出,最近的劳动力市场再平衡与失业率上升是同时发生的。

克拉克还警告,在目前在线招聘的时代,劳工统计局发布的职位空缺“有一定程度的错误”,因此应该有所保留看待这些数据。她补充道:“后疫情时代更低的调查回复率,也可能导致相关数据环比出现更大波动。”

Nationwide的金融市场经济学家奥伦·克拉奇担心,2024年,劳动力市场可能持续疲软,尽管他承认最新的职位空缺数据正是美联储期待看到的数据。

克拉奇表示,高利率和信贷紧缩最终将迫使公司裁员,影响消费者支出。由于美国消费者支出在美国经济增长中的占比约为70%,因此2024年可能是面临挑战的一年。

克拉奇称:“有人认为美国经济可以避免经济衰退,但我们依旧认为,美联储的限制性政策和信贷紧缩,会在2024年导致硬着陆。”

消费者似乎也感到悲观。世界大型企业联合会(Conference Board)的最新《消费者信心报告》(Consumer Confidence Report)显示,虽然对经济衰退的担忧有所下降,但约三分之二的消费者依旧认为,未来12个月,“有一定的可能”或者“非常有可能”发生经济衰退。(财富中文网)

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

最新数据表明,美国公司在后疫情时代的招聘热潮即将结束。美国劳工统计局(Bureau of Labor Statistics)周二的报告显示,10月,美国职位空缺减少了61.7万个,降至32个月最低的873万个。

这个数字远低于外界普遍预测的940万个,但大多数经济学家和华尔街公司领导者似乎对此并不担心。事实恰恰相反。Indeed Hiring Lab的经济研究总监尼克·邦克谈到职位空缺数据时表示:“这份报告应该可以让人们过一个快乐的节日。”

邦克和其他许多经济学家对降温的劳动力市场感到乐观,因为这正是美联储控制通胀的目标。自从2022年3月美联储官员为了控制持续上涨的消费物价而进行加息以来,他们曾警告需要降低劳动力市场的增长速度。

尤其是今年随着通胀稳定下降,美联储认为职位空缺与失业人数的比例升高,证明劳动力市场过热,必须通过加息使其降温。但10月,职位空缺与失业人数的比例,从几个月前的2比1下降至1.3比1。

现在,有许多专家相信,美联储可以结束加息。银率网(Bankrate)高级经济分析师马克·哈姆里克周二表示:“美联储最好结束本轮加息周期。”他指出,虽然美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔最近发表了鹰派言论,“许多投资者和其他观察家都认为,美联储可能在2024年开始实行宽松货币政策,或者降息。”

周二,10年期国债收益率下降至只有4.18%,为自9月初以来的最低水平,这可以证明,债券市场预测美联储将在明年降息。这对于企业和消费者而言是好消息。过去几年,借款成本上涨令他们苦不堪言。而且,这也可能表明美国会实现“软着陆”,即通胀下降但不会引发经济衰退。

“软着陆”阵营的更多好消息

过去两年多,美国陷入经济衰退的概率问题引起了激烈争论,而最新的职位空缺数据给华尔街的乐观主义者们提供了有力证据。现在,许多专家相信,最新职位空缺数据表明美国经济将避免经济衰退。

Indeed的邦克表示:“美国经济软着陆的概率不断提高。”他指出,虽然10月职位空缺数量减少,但公司招聘和员工辞职率实际上保持稳定,这“证明劳动力市场并没有出现断崖式下跌”。

与此同时,虽然职位空缺数量从2022年3月1,200万的最高点大幅减少,但10月的873万个职位空缺,依旧远高于疫情之前的水平。例如,2020年1月,美国的职位空缺只有约700万个。

但有明显的迹象表明,美国的劳动力市场正在降温,例如美国的失业率从4月的3.4%提高到上个月的3.9%。银率网的哈姆里克周二还表示“预计就业市场会继续降温”。但这并不意味着经济衰退不可避免。他说道:“虽然从去年[2022年]年初以来就有人预测经济衰退近在眼前,但美国经济依旧表现出远超预期的韧性。”

哈姆里克表示,最新职位空缺数据表明,2024年最有可能出现的情况是“软着陆”,但“并不能完全排除短期轻度衰退的可能性”。

但怀疑论者依旧不相信

对美联储而言,最近劳动力市场增速放缓,在短期内可能是好消息,但如果这种状况持续太长时间,就有可能发生经济衰退。由维罗妮卡·克拉克领导的花旗集团(Citi)经济学家们,在周二发布的一份报告中表示,他们担心2024年可能会发生经济衰退。克拉克预测,随着美联储加息对经济的滞后影响显现,目前劳动力市场再平衡可能演变成更糟糕的局面,她认为明年职位空缺还会大幅减少。

她警告称:“劳动力市场指标会从‘软着陆’水平过渡到‘硬着陆’水平。”她指出,最近的劳动力市场再平衡与失业率上升是同时发生的。

克拉克还警告,在目前在线招聘的时代,劳工统计局发布的职位空缺“有一定程度的错误”,因此应该有所保留看待这些数据。她补充道:“后疫情时代更低的调查回复率,也可能导致相关数据环比出现更大波动。”

Nationwide的金融市场经济学家奥伦·克拉奇担心,2024年,劳动力市场可能持续疲软,尽管他承认最新的职位空缺数据正是美联储期待看到的数据。

克拉奇表示,高利率和信贷紧缩最终将迫使公司裁员,影响消费者支出。由于美国消费者支出在美国经济增长中的占比约为70%,因此2024年可能是面临挑战的一年。

克拉奇称:“有人认为美国经济可以避免经济衰退,但我们依旧认为,美联储的限制性政策和信贷紧缩,会在2024年导致硬着陆。”

消费者似乎也感到悲观。世界大型企业联合会(Conference Board)的最新《消费者信心报告》(Consumer Confidence Report)显示,虽然对经济衰退的担忧有所下降,但约三分之二的消费者依旧认为,未来12个月,“有一定的可能”或者“非常有可能”发生经济衰退。(财富中文网)

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

New data shows corporate America’s post-pandemic hiring push is coming to an end. U.S. job openings dropped by 617,000 in October to a 32-month low of 8.73 million, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported Tuesday.

The figure was well below consensus forecasts for 9.4 million job openings, but most economists and Wall Street leaders don’t seem worried. In fact, quite the opposite. “This report should bring abundant holiday cheer,” Indeed Hiring Lab’s director of economic research, Nick Bunker, said of the job openings data.

Bunker and many of his economist peers are optimistic amid the cooling labor market because labor market cooling is exactly the Federal Reserve’s goal in its battle with inflation. Ever since the central bank’s officials began raising interest rates to fight rising consumer prices in March 2022, they’ve warned they would need to slow the labor market.

More specifically, this year, with inflation fading steadily, the Fed has pointed to the elevated ratio of job openings to unemployed workers as a sign of an overheated labor market that must be chilled with interest rate hikes. But in October, the job openings to unemployed workers ratio fell to just 1.3 to 1, down from 2 to 1 just a few months ago.

Now many experts believe the Fed can end its interest rate hiking campaign. “The Federal Reserve could well be finished raising interest rates this cycle,” Mark Hamrick, senior economic analyst at Bankrate, said Tuesday, noting that despite Fed Chair Jerome Powell’s hawkish tone in recent speeches, “many investors and other observers believe the beginning of easing, or rate cuts, could come in 2024.”

In a sign the bond market is expecting the Fed to pivot to interest rate cuts next year, the 10-year Treasury yield fell to just 4.18% Tuesday, its lowest level since early September. That’s great news for businesses and consumers, which have struggled with rising borrowing costs for years. And it could even be a sign that a “soft landing”—when inflation fades without a subsequent recession—is on the way.

More juice for the soft landing camp

The latest job openings data has given ammunition to more optimistic forecasters on Wall Street after more than two years of heated debates about the likelihood of recession. Many experts are now convinced the latest job openings data is a sign that the economy will avoid a recession.

“The probability of a soft landing continues to rise,” Indeed’s Bunker said, noting that although job openings fell in October, corporate hiring and worker quit rates actually remained flat—“a sign that the labor market isn’t falling off a cliff.”

At the same time, although job openings have fallen sharply from their peak of 12 million in March 2022, they were still well above pre-pandemic levels in October at 8.73 million. In January 2020, for instance, there were only roughly 7 million job openings across the U.S.

There are clear signs the labor market is cooling, however, with the unemployment rate rising from a low of 3.4% in April to 3.9% last month. Bankrate’s Hamrick also said Tuesday that “further cooling in the job market is expected.” But that doesn’t mean a recession is inevitable. “While there’s been talk about an imminent recession going back to early last year [2022], the U.S. economy has remained substantially more resilient than expected,” he said.

Hamrick argued that the latest job openings data indicates the most likely scenario for 2024 is a “soft landing,” but “a mild and short recession can’t totally be ruled out.”

But the skeptics are still…skeptical

The recent labor market slowdown may be a good sign for the Fed in the near term, but if it continues for too long, a recession could be on the menu. That’s an outcome Citi economists, led by Veronica Clark, said in a Tuesday note that they fear is likely in 2024. Clark predicts the current labor market rebalancing will shift to something far worse as the lagged impact of the Fed’s interest rate hikes hits the economy, arguing job openings will fall sharply next year.

“Labor market metrics will pass ‘soft landing’ levels on their way to ‘hard landing’ ones,” she warned, noting that the recent labor market rebalance evidenced by the job openings data has coincided with rising unemployment.

Clark also cautioned that the job openings data from the BLS is “somewhat ill-defined” in the modern era of online job postings, and should therefore be taken with a grain of salt. “Much lower survey response rates post-pandemic will likely also lead to greater month-to-month volatility in the data,” she added.

Nationwide’s financial market economist Oren Klachkin fears the labor market may continue to weaken in 2024 as well, even if he admitted the latest job openings data was precisely what the Fed was looking for.

Eventually, high interest rates and tight credit conditions will force businesses to cut their workforces, hindering consumer spending, according to Klachkin. And because consumer spending makes up roughly 70% of U.S. economic growth, 2024 could be a challenging year.

“Some think the economy can avoid a recession, but we continue to envisage that restrictive Fed policy and tight credit will cause a hard landing in 2024,“ Klachkin said.

Consumers seem to be on the side of the bears, too. The Conference Board’s latest Consumer Confidence Report showed that although recession fears have dipped, roughly two-thirds of consumers still believe a recession is either “somewhat” or “very likely” to occur over the next 12 months.

热读文章
热门视频
扫描二维码下载财富APP