立即打开
通胀报告优于预期可能意味着美联储将停止加息,华尔街一片叫好,美股暴涨

通胀报告优于预期可能意味着美联储将停止加息,华尔街一片叫好,美股暴涨

Will Daniel 2023-11-16
华尔街似乎日益达成共识,认为通货膨胀最后的挣扎已经或者即将到来。

美国纽约证券交易所(New York Stock Exchange)的交易员。图片来源:MICHAEL M. SANTIAGO/GETTY IMAGES

11月14日,温和的通胀数据让投资者看到了后疫情时代物价暴涨即将结束的希望,之后股市暴涨。消费者和企业一直在艰难应对高通胀以及美联储(Federal Reserve)为控制通胀持续20个月之久的加息,但这份最新数据可能意味着我们的痛苦即将结束。

美国劳工统计局(Bureau of Labor Statistics)11月14日的报告显示,按照消费物价指数(CPI)计算,今年10月的通胀率同比仅上涨了3.2%。这只是略低于华尔街的共识预期3.3%,但与9月的3.7%相比大幅下降。

剔除波动较大的食品和能源价格的核心通胀同比上涨了4%,同样略低于4.1%的共识预测。这一数值低于9月的4.1%。

11月14日,华尔街很快为这则好消息弹冠相庆。资产管理与财务咨询公司Lazard的首席市场策略师罗纳德·坦普尔说:“完美的通货紧缩仍然在继续。”该公司管理的资产规模为1,940亿美元。美股也做出了同样反应。到当天中午,标准普尔500指数(S&P 500)上涨超过1.7%,突破了4,500点。以科技股为主的纳斯达克指数(Nasdaq)同样上涨了2%,突破14,000点。

市场预期10月的通胀报告预示着美联储的加息周期即将结束,因此美国国债收益率也大幅下降。例如,10年期国债收益率自9月以来首次跌至4.5%以下。

坦普尔表示,他认为当前通胀下降的趋势会持续下去。他指出,由于商品价格下降和住房与租金通胀放缓,过去五个月,核心CPI通胀的年化上涨速度只有2.8%。

这对美联储而言是好消息。美联储一直希望通过加息放慢经济增长速度,将通胀率下降到2%的目标水平。坦普尔认为:“如果没有任何外在冲击,美联储在2024年第二季度降息的可能性就越来越高。”

通货膨胀最后的挣扎?

坦普尔并非唯一一个对最近的通胀报告持乐观态度的人。华尔街似乎日益达成共识,认为通货膨胀最后的挣扎已经或者即将到来。

杰富瑞集团(Jefferies)的高级经济学家托马斯·西蒙斯指出,CPI报告“的细节全都显示出”通胀下降的预期。从美国汽车工人联合会(United Auto Workers)罢工期间新车和二手车价格下降,到住宅和医疗服务通胀放缓,大多数主要类别都表现出价格增速持续放缓的迹象。

西蒙斯在11月14日的一份客户报告中说:“这次的数据没有什么秘密可言。在今年10月,有几个不同指标仍然非常坚挺,但大多数指标都表现出软化的迹象。”他还表示,“这对美联储来说应该是一个值得安慰的好消息,而且可以消除人们对美联储在12月或以后继续加息的预期。”

美国房地产经纪人协会(NAR)的首席经济学家劳伦斯·尤恩称,抵押贷款利率“在通胀降温的消息传出后也大幅下降”。本月,抵押贷款利率上涨了高达8%。他表示,通胀降温应该会持续下去。尽管美联储在计算住宅通胀率时使用的是旧数据,但总体通胀依旧大幅下降。

据美国劳工统计局统计,住宅成本是10月通胀上涨的最大因素,当月涨幅为0.3%,同比上涨了6.7%。然而,尤恩发现,如果使用非官方、但更新和相关的私营行业房租数据计算住宅成本,总体通胀率就已经低于美联储所期望的2%的目标。

尤恩说:“加息应该结束,而且美联储将不得不认真考虑降息。”他认为抵押贷款利率在几个月内将下降至7%,并在明年春季进入6%的区间。

尤恩对最新通胀报告的乐观态度,得到了基础设施资本管理公司(Infrastructure Capital Management)的首席执行官杰伊·哈特菲尔德的认同。哈特菲尔德认为,美联储对住宅通胀的计算并不准确。与尤恩一样,哈特菲尔特的专属核心通胀数据使用了最新的住宅数据,他将其称为CPI-R。与美国劳工统计局估算的4%的核心通胀相比,他的CPI-R目前只有约2%。

除了住宅通胀外,哈特菲尔德还指出,未来几个月,汽油价格下降将逐步影响到核心消费物价,消费者应该会继续受益。10月汽油价格下降5%,本月继续下降,11月14日降至每加仑3.35美元。这应该在11月的CPI数据中有所体现。

或者这只是“艰难的最后一英里”的开始?

华尔街对最新通胀报告的乐观态度固然很好,但这是否足以让美联储的官员相信,他们能够宣布实现物价稳定的战争已经取得胜利?

今年10月,在纽约经济俱乐部(Economic Club of New York)举办的一次活动上,美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔显然并不相信通胀已经受到控制的说法。他说:“几个月的乐观数据只是开始。”

LPL Financial的首席全球策略师昆西·克罗斯比也警告道:“美联储应对通胀的所谓‘最后一英里’依旧困难重重。”克罗斯比称,将通货膨胀从当前的3.2%降至美联储2%的目标,依旧有很多工作要做。她表示,消费者的通胀预期依旧较高,历史上这会导致物价持续上涨,除非美联储继续加息。

正如Sander Morris Harris公司的董事长乔治·鲍尔去年对《财富》杂志所说的那样:“应对通胀如同杀死一条蛇。首先,你要将蛇杀死,然后必须砍掉蛇头,并向社区里的所有人展示,让他们知道蛇已经被杀死。”

在克罗斯比看来,通胀这条蛇或许正在死去,但社区依然不相信,通胀预期就是最好的证据。克罗斯比表示,因此只有将消费者的通胀“预期牢牢锁定在目标水平,美联储才能够确信他们的工作已经成功完成。”

安永(EY)的首席经济学家格雷戈里·达科称,进入2024年,在中东地区不发生严重危机的时候,消费者对商品的需求增速放缓,工资增长放缓,房租下降,这是一个“理想的通货紧缩组合”。

达科说:“没有任何理由认为应对通货膨胀的最后一英里是最艰难的。”他认为,明年通货膨胀将会持续放缓。(财富中文网)

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

11月14日,温和的通胀数据让投资者看到了后疫情时代物价暴涨即将结束的希望,之后股市暴涨。消费者和企业一直在艰难应对高通胀以及美联储(Federal Reserve)为控制通胀持续20个月之久的加息,但这份最新数据可能意味着我们的痛苦即将结束。

美国劳工统计局(Bureau of Labor Statistics)11月14日的报告显示,按照消费物价指数(CPI)计算,今年10月的通胀率同比仅上涨了3.2%。这只是略低于华尔街的共识预期3.3%,但与9月的3.7%相比大幅下降。

剔除波动较大的食品和能源价格的核心通胀同比上涨了4%,同样略低于4.1%的共识预测。这一数值低于9月的4.1%。

11月14日,华尔街很快为这则好消息弹冠相庆。资产管理与财务咨询公司Lazard的首席市场策略师罗纳德·坦普尔说:“完美的通货紧缩仍然在继续。”该公司管理的资产规模为1,940亿美元。美股也做出了同样反应。到当天中午,标准普尔500指数(S&P 500)上涨超过1.7%,突破了4,500点。以科技股为主的纳斯达克指数(Nasdaq)同样上涨了2%,突破14,000点。

市场预期10月的通胀报告预示着美联储的加息周期即将结束,因此美国国债收益率也大幅下降。例如,10年期国债收益率自9月以来首次跌至4.5%以下。

坦普尔表示,他认为当前通胀下降的趋势会持续下去。他指出,由于商品价格下降和住房与租金通胀放缓,过去五个月,核心CPI通胀的年化上涨速度只有2.8%。

这对美联储而言是好消息。美联储一直希望通过加息放慢经济增长速度,将通胀率下降到2%的目标水平。坦普尔认为:“如果没有任何外在冲击,美联储在2024年第二季度降息的可能性就越来越高。”

通货膨胀最后的挣扎?

坦普尔并非唯一一个对最近的通胀报告持乐观态度的人。华尔街似乎日益达成共识,认为通货膨胀最后的挣扎已经或者即将到来。

杰富瑞集团(Jefferies)的高级经济学家托马斯·西蒙斯指出,CPI报告“的细节全都显示出”通胀下降的预期。从美国汽车工人联合会(United Auto Workers)罢工期间新车和二手车价格下降,到住宅和医疗服务通胀放缓,大多数主要类别都表现出价格增速持续放缓的迹象。

西蒙斯在11月14日的一份客户报告中说:“这次的数据没有什么秘密可言。在今年10月,有几个不同指标仍然非常坚挺,但大多数指标都表现出软化的迹象。”他还表示,“这对美联储来说应该是一个值得安慰的好消息,而且可以消除人们对美联储在12月或以后继续加息的预期。”

美国房地产经纪人协会(NAR)的首席经济学家劳伦斯·尤恩称,抵押贷款利率“在通胀降温的消息传出后也大幅下降”。本月,抵押贷款利率上涨了高达8%。他表示,通胀降温应该会持续下去。尽管美联储在计算住宅通胀率时使用的是旧数据,但总体通胀依旧大幅下降。

据美国劳工统计局统计,住宅成本是10月通胀上涨的最大因素,当月涨幅为0.3%,同比上涨了6.7%。然而,尤恩发现,如果使用非官方、但更新和相关的私营行业房租数据计算住宅成本,总体通胀率就已经低于美联储所期望的2%的目标。

尤恩说:“加息应该结束,而且美联储将不得不认真考虑降息。”他认为抵押贷款利率在几个月内将下降至7%,并在明年春季进入6%的区间。

尤恩对最新通胀报告的乐观态度,得到了基础设施资本管理公司(Infrastructure Capital Management)的首席执行官杰伊·哈特菲尔德的认同。哈特菲尔德认为,美联储对住宅通胀的计算并不准确。与尤恩一样,哈特菲尔特的专属核心通胀数据使用了最新的住宅数据,他将其称为CPI-R。与美国劳工统计局估算的4%的核心通胀相比,他的CPI-R目前只有约2%。

除了住宅通胀外,哈特菲尔德还指出,未来几个月,汽油价格下降将逐步影响到核心消费物价,消费者应该会继续受益。10月汽油价格下降5%,本月继续下降,11月14日降至每加仑3.35美元。这应该在11月的CPI数据中有所体现。

或者这只是“艰难的最后一英里”的开始?

华尔街对最新通胀报告的乐观态度固然很好,但这是否足以让美联储的官员相信,他们能够宣布实现物价稳定的战争已经取得胜利?

今年10月,在纽约经济俱乐部(Economic Club of New York)举办的一次活动上,美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔显然并不相信通胀已经受到控制的说法。他说:“几个月的乐观数据只是开始。”

LPL Financial的首席全球策略师昆西·克罗斯比也警告道:“美联储应对通胀的所谓‘最后一英里’依旧困难重重。”克罗斯比称,将通货膨胀从当前的3.2%降至美联储2%的目标,依旧有很多工作要做。她表示,消费者的通胀预期依旧较高,历史上这会导致物价持续上涨,除非美联储继续加息。

正如Sander Morris Harris公司的董事长乔治·鲍尔去年对《财富》杂志所说的那样:“应对通胀如同杀死一条蛇。首先,你要将蛇杀死,然后必须砍掉蛇头,并向社区里的所有人展示,让他们知道蛇已经被杀死。”

在克罗斯比看来,通胀这条蛇或许正在死去,但社区依然不相信,通胀预期就是最好的证据。克罗斯比表示,因此只有将消费者的通胀“预期牢牢锁定在目标水平,美联储才能够确信他们的工作已经成功完成。”

安永(EY)的首席经济学家格雷戈里·达科称,进入2024年,在中东地区不发生严重危机的时候,消费者对商品的需求增速放缓,工资增长放缓,房租下降,这是一个“理想的通货紧缩组合”。

达科说:“没有任何理由认为应对通货膨胀的最后一英里是最艰难的。”他认为,明年通货膨胀将会持续放缓。(财富中文网)

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

Stocks soared on November 14 after subdued inflation data gave investors hope that the post-COVID era of soaring prices may be almost over. Consumers and businesses have struggled to cope with high inflation and the Federal Reserve’s now 20-month-long interest rate hiking campaign meant to tame it, but this new data may signal we’re nearing the end of the pain.

Inflation, as measured by the consumer price index, rose just 3.2% from a year ago in October, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported on November 14. That’s just a hair shy of Wall Street’s consensus expectations for 3.3%, but down sharply from September’s 3.7%.

Core inflation, which excludes more volatile food and energy prices, also came in just below the consensus forecast of 4.1%, rising 4% from a year ago. That’s down from 4.1% in September.

Wall Street was quick to celebrate the good news on November 14. “The immaculate disinflation continues,” said Ronald Temple, chief market strategist at Lazard, an asset management and financial advisory firm that manages $194 billion. And stocks responded in kind as well. The S&P 500 soared more than 1.7% to over 4,500 by midday. The tech-heavy Nasdaq followed in its footsteps, rising 2% to over 14,000.

Treasury yields also plunged on the prospect that the October inflation report signals the end of the Fed’s rate hiking campaign. The 10-year Treasury yield, for example, fell below 4.5% for the first time since September.

Temple said he believes that the current drop in inflation is apt to continue as well. He noted that core CPI inflation has risen at just a 2.8% annualized rate over the last five months due to falling goods prices and slowing housing and rent inflation.

That’s great news for the Fed, which has been hoping to slow the economy and reduce inflation to its 2% target with interest rate hikes. “Absent any exogenous shocks, the Fed is increasingly likely to be in a position to cut rates in the second quarter of 2024,” Temple argued.

The last gasp of inflation?

Temple was far from the only one celebrating the latest inflation report. There seems to be a growing consensus on Wall Street that the last gasp of inflation is either here already or on its way.

Jefferies’ senior economist Thomas Simons, noted that the story of fading inflation is “consistent throughout the details” of the CPI report. From fading new and used car prices, even amid the United Auto Workers’ strike, to cooling shelter and medical care services inflation, most major categories showed signs of a lasting slowdown in pricing.

“For a change, there’s no secret here with the data. A handful of different components remain extremely firm, but most showed signs of softening in October,” Simons wrote in a note to clients on November 14, adding that “this should be a comforting sign for the Fed, and it should eliminate any expectation that they will raise rates again in December or thereafter.”

Lawrence Yun, NAR chief economist, noted that mortgage rates, which had risen as high as 8% this month, are “plunging with the news of inflation calming” as well. And that calming should persist, he says, noting that overall inflation has fallen sharply despite the Fed’s use of old data when calculating shelter inflation rates.

Shelter costs were the largest factor in the rise of inflation in October, according to BLS, rising 0.3% during the month, and 6.7% from a year ago. However, using non-official, but more recent and relevant private sector rent data to calculate shelter costs, Yun found that overall inflation is already below the Fed’s desired 2% target rate.

“The interest rate rises should be over, and the Fed will have to consider cutting interest rates seriously,” he said, arguing that mortgage rates will fall to 7% in a few months and into the 6% range by next spring.

Yun’s bullish view of the latest inflation report was also shared by Jay Hatfield, CEO at Infrastructure Capital Management, who has long argued that the Fed doesn’t calculate shelter inflation correctly. Similar to Yun, Hatfield’s proprietary core inflation data that uses more up-to-date shelter data, which he calls CPI-R, is now at approximately 2% compared to the BLS estimate of 4% core inflation.

Beyond shelter inflation, Hatfield also noted that consumers should continue to benefit from falling gasoline prices in the coming months as they “bleed through” to core consumer price categories. Gasoline prices fell 5% in October, but they’ve continued to drop this month, hitting just $3.35 a gallon on November 14, and that should be reflected in November’s CPI data.

Or just the start of a “difficult last mile”?

The bullishness over the latest inflation report on Wall Street is all well and good, but will it be enough to convince Fed officials that they can declare victory in their fight for price stability?

Just in October at an event at the Economic Club of New York, Fed’s Chair Jerome Powell certainly didn’t sound convinced about the argument that inflation was under control: “A few months of good data are only the beginning of what it will take,” he said.

Quincy Krosby, chief global strategist for LPL Financial, also warned that “so-called ‘last mile’ in the Fed’s campaign to quell inflation still remains sticky.” There’s still a lot of work to do to get inflation from the current 3.2% down to the Fed’s 2% target, according to Krosby. She noted consumers’ inflation expectations remain elevated, which historically has led to persistent price increases unless the Fed continues to raise interest rates.

As George Ball, chairman of Sander Morris Harris, told Fortune last year: “Fighting inflation is like killing a snake. First, you have to kill the snake, then you have to cut the head off the snake and show it to everybody in the community so that they know the snake is dead.”

For Krosby, the snake may be dying(inflation), but the community still doesn’t believe it’s dead—as evidenced by inflation expectations. That’s why consumers’ inflation “expectations need to be firmly anchored before the Fed can be assured that their job is completed successfully,” according to Krosby.

Still, Gregory Daco, EY’s chief economist, argued that consumer demand for goods is slowing, wage growth is easing, and rents are falling in an “ideal disinflationary combo” headed into 2024, barring a serious crisis in the Middle East.

“Ain’t no reason to believe the last inflation mile will be the most difficult,” he said, arguing inflation will continue to slow throughout the next year.

热读文章
热门视频
扫描二维码下载财富APP