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芒格认为,许多风险投资家靠欺骗投资者赚钱

芒格认为,许多风险投资家靠欺骗投资者赚钱

PAIGE HAGY 2023-11-02
芒格的严厉批评并不适用于所有风险投资家。

伯克希尔-哈撒韦公司副董事长查理·芒格。图片来源:HOUSTON COFIELD—BLOOMBERG VIA GETTY IMAGES

沃伦·巴菲特的老搭档、亿万富翁查理·芒格毫不掩饰他对风险投资家的厌恶。2014年,这位传奇投资者对《华尔街日报》表示,风投基金最好“用乙炔火炬烧掉”他们的钱,而不是投资互联网初创公司。现年99岁的芒格将在明年1月1日满100岁。他给风险投资家的另外一句话是:“让他们下地狱吧!”

芒格是著名控股公司伯克希尔-哈撒韦公司的副董事长,也是全球最成功的投资者之一。上周日,他在播客《Acquired》中讨论了他对风险投资家的蔑视,以及他对开市客(Costco)的痴迷、全球股市现状和投资与赌博的区别。

芒格在节目中说道:“你不想通过欺骗投资者来赚钱,而这正是许多风险投资家的做法。”

芒格又说道:“除非你能创造非同寻常的业绩,否则不应该收取额外的费用。”他提到了风险投资家比其他投资更高的收费,以及风险资本能带来更高收益的承诺。“当然,假装能取得好的业绩比实际做到更容易,因此这总能吸引一些投资理念有问题的投资者。”

据康桥汇世(Cambridge Associates)统计,过去20年,风险资本投资的平均年回报率为11.8%,而纳斯达克综合指数的回报率为12%。

风险投资家的业务基于一种名为“权力法则”的概念。风险投资公司投资的大多数初创公司会失败,或者只能实现适度增长,为了抵销这些损失,他们必须依靠Facebook、Airbnb和Zoom等极少数初创公司大获成功。因此,风险投资家经常被描述成“贪婪的象征”。

风险投资家还被认为如同绵羊跟随羊群一般,跟风投资所有人都投资的领域。比如山姆·班克曼-弗里德2022年11月破产的加密货币交易平台FTX。FTX的破产使风险投资行业的尽职调查遭到质疑,美国证券交易委员会(Securities and Exchange Commission,SEC)在年初对FTX的投资者展开了调查。

在新冠疫情期间,风投基金获得了大量资本,因此在2021年投资到初创公司的“廉价资金”创历史记录,提高了这些新公司的估值。现在,经过近两年的高通胀和美联储为避免经济衰退进行的加息之后,初创公司估值下降,科技初创公司陷入了IPO寒冬,而投资者对于自己的资金变得更加慎重。2022年上半年,风险资本投资平均亏损13%。

当然,芒格的严厉批评并不适用于所有风险投资家。他说“如果你以正当的方式”,由“正确的人”掌控权力,它可以是一个“非常正当的行业”。但他表示目前的情况并非如此。

芒格说道:“在风险投资领域赚钱最多的人,就像投资银行家一样。他们会选择热门的新兴领域进行投资。”然而,“他们并非伟大的投资者——他们其实什么也不擅长。”(财富中文网)

翻译:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

沃伦·巴菲特的老搭档、亿万富翁查理·芒格毫不掩饰他对风险投资家的厌恶。2014年,这位传奇投资者对《华尔街日报》表示,风投基金最好“用乙炔火炬烧掉”他们的钱,而不是投资互联网初创公司。现年99岁的芒格将在明年1月1日满100岁。他给风险投资家的另外一句话是:“让他们下地狱吧!”

芒格是著名控股公司伯克希尔-哈撒韦公司的副董事长,也是全球最成功的投资者之一。上周日,他在播客《Acquired》中讨论了他对风险投资家的蔑视,以及他对开市客(Costco)的痴迷、全球股市现状和投资与赌博的区别。

芒格在节目中说道:“你不想通过欺骗投资者来赚钱,而这正是许多风险投资家的做法。”

芒格又说道:“除非你能创造非同寻常的业绩,否则不应该收取额外的费用。”他提到了风险投资家比其他投资更高的收费,以及风险资本能带来更高收益的承诺。“当然,假装能取得好的业绩比实际做到更容易,因此这总能吸引一些投资理念有问题的投资者。”

据康桥汇世(Cambridge Associates)统计,过去20年,风险资本投资的平均年回报率为11.8%,而纳斯达克综合指数的回报率为12%。

风险投资家的业务基于一种名为“权力法则”的概念。风险投资公司投资的大多数初创公司会失败,或者只能实现适度增长,为了抵销这些损失,他们必须依靠Facebook、Airbnb和Zoom等极少数初创公司大获成功。因此,风险投资家经常被描述成“贪婪的象征”。

风险投资家还被认为如同绵羊跟随羊群一般,跟风投资所有人都投资的领域。比如山姆·班克曼-弗里德2022年11月破产的加密货币交易平台FTX。FTX的破产使风险投资行业的尽职调查遭到质疑,美国证券交易委员会(Securities and Exchange Commission,SEC)在年初对FTX的投资者展开了调查。

在新冠疫情期间,风投基金获得了大量资本,因此在2021年投资到初创公司的“廉价资金”创历史记录,提高了这些新公司的估值。现在,经过近两年的高通胀和美联储为避免经济衰退进行的加息之后,初创公司估值下降,科技初创公司陷入了IPO寒冬,而投资者对于自己的资金变得更加慎重。2022年上半年,风险资本投资平均亏损13%。

当然,芒格的严厉批评并不适用于所有风险投资家。他说“如果你以正当的方式”,由“正确的人”掌控权力,它可以是一个“非常正当的行业”。但他表示目前的情况并非如此。

芒格说道:“在风险投资领域赚钱最多的人,就像投资银行家一样。他们会选择热门的新兴领域进行投资。”然而,“他们并非伟大的投资者——他们其实什么也不擅长。”(财富中文网)

翻译:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

Billionaire Charlie Munger, Warren Buffett’s right-hand man, isn’t shy about his dislike for venture capitalists. In 2014, the legendary investor told the Wall Street Journal that it would be better for venture capital funds to light their money “on fire with an acetylene torch” than to invest in internet startups. Now, at the age of 99, soon to turn 100 on Jan. 1, he has another message for venture capitalists: “To hell with them!”

Munger, vice chairman of the famed holding company Berkshire Hathaway and one of the world’s most successful investors, discussed his disdain of venture capitalists, as well as his obsession with Costco, the state of the global stock market, and the concept of investing versus gambling, on the podcast Acquired on Sunday.

“You don’t want to make money by screwing your investors, and that’s what a lot of venture capitalists do,” Munger said on Acquired.

“You really shouldn’t be in the business of charging extra unless you really are going to achieve very unusual results,” Munger added, referring to the higher fees venture capitalists charge compared to other kinds of investments and the promise of venture capital providing bigger returns. “Of course, it’s more easy to pretend that you can get good results than actually get them, and so it attracts the wrong people.”

The average annual return for venture capital investments over the past 20 years was 11.8%, versus 12% for the Nasdaq Composite, according to Cambridge Associates.

Venture capitalists’ business is based on a concept known as the power law. Most startups in a venture firm’s portfolio will fail or only see modest growth, so to offset those losses, any big returns must come from the rare, explosive startup successes like Facebook, Airbnb, and Zoom. For this reason, venture capitalists are often described as the epitomes of greed.

Venture capitalists also have a reputation for being like sheep—following the herd and putting their money in whatever everyone else is investing in. Just look at Sam Bankman-Fried’s cryptocurrency exchange FTX, which collapsed spectacularly in November 2022. FTX’s demise called into question the venture capital industry’s due diligence, with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) probing FTX’s investors about it at the beginning of the year.

Venture funds experienced a boom in capital during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading them to pump record-breaking volumes of “cheap money” into startups in 2021 and thereby inflating those new company’s valuations. Now, after nearly two years of high inflation and the Federal Reserve’s interest rate hikes in an effort to dodge a recession, startup valuations have fallen, tech startups are stuck in an IPO winter, and investors are being stingier with the money they hand out. In the first half of 2022, venture capital investments reflected average losses of 13%.

To be sure, Munger’s scathing criticism doesn’t apply to all venture capitalists. He says it can be a “very legitimate business, if you do it right,” and if you put the “right people” in positions of power. But that’s currently not the case, he says.

“The people who make the most money at venture capital are a lot like investment bankers. They say which hot, new area they’re going to get in,” Munger said. However, “they’re not great investors—they’re not great at anything.”

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