立即打开
精准做空美债,这位对冲基金巨头决定止盈离场

精准做空美债,这位对冲基金巨头决定止盈离场

WILL DANIEL 2023-10-26
美国经济的摇摇欲坠和全球紧张局势的加剧,降低了长期通胀和美国长期国债收益率上升的可能性。

潘兴广场资本管理公司(Pershing Square Capital)首席执行官比尔·阿克曼。图片来源:BRYAN BEDDER—GETTY IMAGES FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

8月2日,亿万富翁、对冲基金巨头比尔·阿克曼透露,他正在通过期权做空30年期美国国债,也就是押注这一债券会下跌。这位潘兴广场资本管理公司的创始人兼首席执行官警告,全球经济的“结构性变化”(包括去全球化、绿色能源转型和员工议价能力提升)将使美国进入持续高通胀的时代,从而导致30年期美国国债的收益率升高。(当国债收益率上升时,其价格就会下跌。这就是阿克曼做空债券——即押注债券会下跌——的原因。)

但现在,阿克曼认为经济可能不像看上去那么健康,而且随着中东和乌克兰的冲突愈演愈激烈,他决定解除对30年期美国国债将下跌的押注。

阿克曼本周一在X(前身为Twitter)上写道,“经济放缓的速度比近期数据显示的要快”,并补充道,“在当前的长期利率水平上,继续做空债券的风险过大。”

美国经济的摇摇欲坠和全球紧张局势的加剧降低了长期通胀和美国长期国债收益率上升的可能性。若要让长期国债的收益率保持高位,美联储(Federal Reserve)需要在更长时间内保持较高的利率,但如果美国经济真如阿克曼所说的那样正在苦苦挣扎,或国外战争持续升级,那就不太可能实现了。

本质上讲,阿克曼退出做空30年期美国国债的举动或许表明,他最大的担忧正在由利率和通胀上升的经济过热,转变为放缓的经济可能因地缘政治风险而陷入衰退。

阿克曼的债券“大空头”交易尽管持续时间不长,但肯定是盈利的。随着同比通胀率从6月3%的低点上升到上月的3.7%,并且美联储大体上仍保持鹰派作风,在阿克曼解除下跌押注时,30年期美国国债的收益率已8月2日的4.16%飙升至略高于5%。

这一交易的发生似乎也恰逢其时。本周一,在阿克曼宣布平仓空头头寸前,30年期美国国债的收益率达到5.17%的高位,随后由于以色列和哈马斯冲突造成的死亡人数不断上升,投资者惊慌不已,导致收益率回落至5%以下。

当然,正如市场上通常发生的那样,并不是所有人都赞同阿克曼关于通胀、利率以及国债收益率未来走势的看法。

西北互助人寿保险公司(Northwestern Mutual)的首席投资官布伦特·舒特周一在一份报告中解释说,工资增长率“仍然过高,很可能不利于实现将通胀率降至2%的目标”。他指出,最近的零售销售报告表明消费者支出依然强劲,这意味着美联储可能必须将利率维持在高于预期的水平,以确保物价更加稳定。

摩根士丹利财富管理公司(Morgan Stanley Wealth Management)的首席投资官丽莎·莎莱特警告称,由于华盛顿陷入政治僵局,加之联邦赤字达到历史高位,投资者仍然表现出对财政不稳定的担忧。为此,他们可能会要求就持有国债获得更多的补偿,也就是更高的收益率。

莎莱特周一在一份报告中写道:“美国国债跌势的日益加剧,反映出债券投资者希望就风险因素的不断增加获得补偿。如今愈发不容忽视的风险因素包括地缘政治不稳定的风险和财政支出需求增加的风险——美国本就已经难以为赤字融资。另外,华盛顿的动向、美联储的政策以及美元的汇率水平和作为储备货币的地位等方面的风险也渐渐凸显。”(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-刘嘉欢

8月2日,亿万富翁、对冲基金巨头比尔·阿克曼透露,他正在通过期权做空30年期美国国债,也就是押注这一债券会下跌。这位潘兴广场资本管理公司的创始人兼首席执行官警告,全球经济的“结构性变化”(包括去全球化、绿色能源转型和员工议价能力提升)将使美国进入持续高通胀的时代,从而导致30年期美国国债的收益率升高。(当国债收益率上升时,其价格就会下跌。这就是阿克曼做空债券——即押注债券会下跌——的原因。)

但现在,阿克曼认为经济可能不像看上去那么健康,而且随着中东和乌克兰的冲突愈演愈激烈,他决定解除对30年期美国国债将下跌的押注。

阿克曼本周一在X(前身为Twitter)上写道,“经济放缓的速度比近期数据显示的要快”,并补充道,“在当前的长期利率水平上,继续做空债券的风险过大。”

美国经济的摇摇欲坠和全球紧张局势的加剧降低了长期通胀和美国长期国债收益率上升的可能性。若要让长期国债的收益率保持高位,美联储(Federal Reserve)需要在更长时间内保持较高的利率,但如果美国经济真如阿克曼所说的那样正在苦苦挣扎,或国外战争持续升级,那就不太可能实现了。

本质上讲,阿克曼退出做空30年期美国国债的举动或许表明,他最大的担忧正在由利率和通胀上升的经济过热,转变为放缓的经济可能因地缘政治风险而陷入衰退。

阿克曼的债券“大空头”交易尽管持续时间不长,但肯定是盈利的。随着同比通胀率从6月3%的低点上升到上月的3.7%,并且美联储大体上仍保持鹰派作风,在阿克曼解除下跌押注时,30年期美国国债的收益率已8月2日的4.16%飙升至略高于5%。

这一交易的发生似乎也恰逢其时。本周一,在阿克曼宣布平仓空头头寸前,30年期美国国债的收益率达到5.17%的高位,随后由于以色列和哈马斯冲突造成的死亡人数不断上升,投资者惊慌不已,导致收益率回落至5%以下。

当然,正如市场上通常发生的那样,并不是所有人都赞同阿克曼关于通胀、利率以及国债收益率未来走势的看法。

西北互助人寿保险公司(Northwestern Mutual)的首席投资官布伦特·舒特周一在一份报告中解释说,工资增长率“仍然过高,很可能不利于实现将通胀率降至2%的目标”。他指出,最近的零售销售报告表明消费者支出依然强劲,这意味着美联储可能必须将利率维持在高于预期的水平,以确保物价更加稳定。

摩根士丹利财富管理公司(Morgan Stanley Wealth Management)的首席投资官丽莎·莎莱特警告称,由于华盛顿陷入政治僵局,加之联邦赤字达到历史高位,投资者仍然表现出对财政不稳定的担忧。为此,他们可能会要求就持有国债获得更多的补偿,也就是更高的收益率。

莎莱特周一在一份报告中写道:“美国国债跌势的日益加剧,反映出债券投资者希望就风险因素的不断增加获得补偿。如今愈发不容忽视的风险因素包括地缘政治不稳定的风险和财政支出需求增加的风险——美国本就已经难以为赤字融资。另外,华盛顿的动向、美联储的政策以及美元的汇率水平和作为储备货币的地位等方面的风险也渐渐凸显。”(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-刘嘉欢

On Aug. 2, billionaire hedge fund titan Bill Ackman revealed he was shorting, or betting against, 30-year Treasury bonds using options. The founder and CEO of Pershing Square Capital Management warned that “structural changes” to the global economy—including deglobalization, the green-energy transition, and increased worker bargaining power—would lead to an era of persistently higher inflation and, consequently, higher 30-year Treasury yields. (When Treasury bond yields rise, Treasury bond prices fall. This is why Ackman was shorting, or betting against, bonds.)

But now, Ackman believes that the economy may not be as healthy as it seems, and with conflicts in the Middle East and Ukraine raging, he’s decided to end his bet against 30-year Treasury bonds.

“The economy is slowing faster than recent data suggests,” Ackman wrote in a Monday post on X, formerly Twitter, adding that “there is too much risk in the world to remain short bonds at current long-term rates.”

A flailing U.S. economy and elevated global tensions reduce the likelihood of prolonged inflation or higher long-term Treasury yields. For long-term yields to remain elevated, the Federal Reserve would need to keep interest rates higher for longer, but that’s unlikely if the economy truly is struggling, as Ackman says, or if foreign wars escalate.

Essentially, Ackman’s move to exit his short against the 30-year Treasury could be a sign that his main fear is shifting from an overheated economy featuring higher interest rates and inflation to a slowing economy that could fall into recession amid geopolitical risks.

Although short-lived, Ackman’s big bond short was certainly profitable, though it’s unclear exactly how much money he made. With year-over-year inflation rising from its June low of 3% to 3.7% last month and the Fed remaining mostly hawkish, the 30-year Treasury yield surged from 4.16% on Aug. 2 to just over 5% when Ackman ended his bet.

The trade also appears to have been well-timed. On Monday, the 30-year Treasury yield rose as high as 5.17% before Ackman announced he’d exited his short position and news of the rising death toll in the Israel-Hamas conflict spooked investors, sending the yield back below 5%.

Of course, as is always the case in markets, not everyone agrees with Ackman when it comes to the future of inflation, interest rates, and by extension Treasury yields.

Brent Schutte, chief investment officer at Northwestern Mutual Wealth Management Co., explained in a Monday note that wage growth is “still too high and likely incompatible with bringing inflation down to 2%.” He noted that consumer spending remains strong as well, as evidenced by recent retail sales reports, meaning the Fed may have to hold interest rates at a higher level than expected to ensure prices are more stable.

Lisa Shalett, chief investment officer at Morgan Stanley Wealth Management, warned that investors are still worried about fiscal instability as well amid political gridlock in Washington and record federal deficits. This could lead them to require more compensation for holding Treasuries in the form of higher yields.

“The growing rout in Treasuries reflects bond investors’ desire to be compensated for an expanding list of risks, which now increasingly include geopolitical instability and demands on fiscal spending, as the country already struggles to finance its deficit,” Shalett wrote in a Monday note. “Developments in Washington, Fed policy, and the level of the U.S. dollar and its role as a reserve currency loom large.”

热读文章
热门视频
扫描二维码下载财富APP