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想长寿不用每天万步走,不到一半即可

想长寿不用每天万步走,不到一半即可

ERIN PRATER 2023-08-13
专家称,“步数”的定义并不严格,滑冰、跳舞甚至游泳都可以计入每天的步数。

图片来源:GETTY IMAGES

跳舞、在游泳池里游泳、在高尔夫球场放弃乘坐高尔夫球车,这些简单有趣的方式都能增加每天的步数,甚至延长寿命。虽然经常有人建议为了健康每天要走10,000步,但3月份发表的一篇研究报告却指出只要8,000步就能发挥保护效果。

一篇更新的研究报告提到了每增加1,000步甚至500步可能产生的救命效果,但研究人员称,每天只需4,000步就能大幅降低死亡概率。

近日,在《欧洲预防心脏病学杂志》(European Journal of Preventive Cardiology)上发表的最新研究分析了17项研究的数据,参与者总计达到226,889人。虽然步数越多越好,研究人员发现每天每走500步,可将心血管病因导致的死亡风险降低7%,而且每天每走1,000步,可将全因死亡风险降低15%。每天达到4,000步可显著降低全因死亡率,甚至每天2,500步就能带来显著的健康益处。

该研究的作者称,每天步数少于5,000步是一种久坐不动的生活方式,是“21世纪的疾病”。

不同研究的不同观点

《美国医学会杂志网络开放版》(Journal of the American Medical Association Network Open)在3月发表的一篇论文显示,每周坚持每天步行不少于8,000步的人,比未达到这个步数的人,在10年内死亡的概率更低。

在3,000多位研究参与者中,每周坚持每天或每两天步行不少于8,000步的人,比未达到这个步数的人,在10年内死亡的概率低14.9%。论文称,每周三至七天步行不少于8,000步的人同期内死亡的概率低16.5%。

论文的作者发现,每天步行8,000步的保护效果,如果每周坚持三天就会趋于平稳。

新冠疫情使每日步数大幅下降

在这项研究发布的同时,科学家们开始意识到新冠疫情对全民健康的长期影响。近期在同一份杂志上发表的一项研究显示,疫情初期,人们每天的步数大幅下降,至今尚未恢复。

范德堡大学(Vanderbilt University)的研究人员研究了疫情前两年和疫情爆发后近两年,约5,500人的每日步数变化。他们发现,在疫情爆发之后,研究参与者平均每天的步数减少了约700步,相当于每天减少了约三分之一英里。

在疫情爆发之前,平均每日步数约为7,808步。疫情爆发之后约为7,089步。

研究人员称,这个趋势甚至持续到大多数疫情限制措施放宽之后。他们的研究结果“显示美国疫情爆发以后,人们的活动量呈现出持续、普遍和显著下降的趋势”,而且这似乎是一种长期趋势。

研究的作者表示,社会经济地位较低者和在疫情期间精神健康状况恶化者,体育活动减少的风险最高。

研究人员并不确定,步数减少对健康的长期影响。但之前的研究显示,步数减少可能“显著增加长期疾病风险”,尤其是在心血管代谢健康方面,而贫困者和/或存在精神健康问题的群体尤其容易受到影响。

如何增加步数

以下是美国运动基金会(American on the Move Foundation)建议的增加步数的几个简单方法:

• 步行取快递,而且取快递时可以围着街区多走一圈。

• 饭后散步的时候与爱人聊一聊当天的经历。

• 早上开始通勤前先通过散步让自己精力充沛。

• 组建办公室步行俱乐部。

• 自愿为动物收容所遛狗。

• 放弃使用电梯,选择走楼梯。

• 提前几站下公交车,步行完成剩余路程。

• 不乘坐高尔夫球车打完一轮高尔夫球。

• 到泳池游泳(这也可计入步数!)。

• 去夜总会跳舞。

• 加入室内或室外排球队。

• 参加网球比赛。

• 到本地的溜冰场滑冰。

• 在停车场将车停放在尽可能远的地方。(财富中文网)

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

跳舞、在游泳池里游泳、在高尔夫球场放弃乘坐高尔夫球车,这些简单有趣的方式都能增加每天的步数,甚至延长寿命。虽然经常有人建议为了健康每天要走10,000步,但3月份发表的一篇研究报告却指出只要8,000步就能发挥保护效果。

一篇更新的研究报告提到了每增加1,000步甚至500步可能产生的救命效果,但研究人员称,每天只需4,000步就能大幅降低死亡概率。

近日,在《欧洲预防心脏病学杂志》(European Journal of Preventive Cardiology)上发表的最新研究分析了17项研究的数据,参与者总计达到226,889人。虽然步数越多越好,研究人员发现每天每走500步,可将心血管病因导致的死亡风险降低7%,而且每天每走1,000步,可将全因死亡风险降低15%。每天达到4,000步可显著降低全因死亡率,甚至每天2,500步就能带来显著的健康益处。

该研究的作者称,每天步数少于5,000步是一种久坐不动的生活方式,是“21世纪的疾病”。

不同研究的不同观点

《美国医学会杂志网络开放版》(Journal of the American Medical Association Network Open)在3月发表的一篇论文显示,每周坚持每天步行不少于8,000步的人,比未达到这个步数的人,在10年内死亡的概率更低。

在3,000多位研究参与者中,每周坚持每天或每两天步行不少于8,000步的人,比未达到这个步数的人,在10年内死亡的概率低14.9%。论文称,每周三至七天步行不少于8,000步的人同期内死亡的概率低16.5%。

论文的作者发现,每天步行8,000步的保护效果,如果每周坚持三天就会趋于平稳。

新冠疫情使每日步数大幅下降

在这项研究发布的同时,科学家们开始意识到新冠疫情对全民健康的长期影响。近期在同一份杂志上发表的一项研究显示,疫情初期,人们每天的步数大幅下降,至今尚未恢复。

范德堡大学(Vanderbilt University)的研究人员研究了疫情前两年和疫情爆发后近两年,约5,500人的每日步数变化。他们发现,在疫情爆发之后,研究参与者平均每天的步数减少了约700步,相当于每天减少了约三分之一英里。

在疫情爆发之前,平均每日步数约为7,808步。疫情爆发之后约为7,089步。

研究人员称,这个趋势甚至持续到大多数疫情限制措施放宽之后。他们的研究结果“显示美国疫情爆发以后,人们的活动量呈现出持续、普遍和显著下降的趋势”,而且这似乎是一种长期趋势。

研究的作者表示,社会经济地位较低者和在疫情期间精神健康状况恶化者,体育活动减少的风险最高。

研究人员并不确定,步数减少对健康的长期影响。但之前的研究显示,步数减少可能“显著增加长期疾病风险”,尤其是在心血管代谢健康方面,而贫困者和/或存在精神健康问题的群体尤其容易受到影响。

如何增加步数

以下是美国运动基金会(American on the Move Foundation)建议的增加步数的几个简单方法:

• 步行取快递,而且取快递时可以围着街区多走一圈。

• 饭后散步的时候与爱人聊一聊当天的经历。

• 早上开始通勤前先通过散步让自己精力充沛。

• 组建办公室步行俱乐部。

• 自愿为动物收容所遛狗。

• 放弃使用电梯,选择走楼梯。

• 提前几站下公交车,步行完成剩余路程。

• 不乘坐高尔夫球车打完一轮高尔夫球。

• 到泳池游泳(这也可计入步数!)。

• 去夜总会跳舞。

• 加入室内或室外排球队。

• 参加网球比赛。

• 到本地的溜冰场滑冰。

• 在停车场将车停放在尽可能远的地方。(财富中文网)

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

Dancing, swimming laps at a pool, and skipping the cart on the golf course are easy, fun ways to get your steps in—and maybe even extend your life. Though the popular advice is to aim for 10,000 steps a day for health benefits, research released in March points to the protective effect of just 8,000.

Even newer research released today points to the life-saving benefit of mere 1,000 and even 500 step increments, though 4,000 steps a day are needed to significantly reduce the chance of death, researchers say.

The latest research, published Wednesday in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, examined data from 17 studies, with a total of 226,889 participants. While more steps are always better, researchers found that every 500 daily steps taken were associated with a 7% decreased risk in death from cardiovascular causes, and that every 1,000 daily steps taken were associated with a 15% decreased risk of death from all causes. Significant reduction in all-cause mortality was seen at 4,000 steps, and even 2,500 steps per day provided considerable health benefit.

Those who take less than 5,000 steps per day have a sedentary lifestyle, according to the study’s authors, who referred to such a lifestyle as “the disease of the 21st century.”

Different studies, different opinions

People who walked 8,000 or more steps even one day a week were less likely to die over a 10-year period than those who did not, according to a study published in March in the Journal of the American Medical Association Network Open.

Among 3,000-plus participants, those who took at least 8,000 steps one or two days a week were 14.9% less likely to die over a 10-year period than those who did not. People who took 8,000 or more steps three to seven days a week were 16.5% less likely to die over the same period, according to the paper.

The protective effect of 8,000 daily steps plateaued at three days a week, the authors found.

The COVID-19 pandemic sent daily steps plummeting

The research comes as scientists begin to realize the full weight of the pandemic in terms of long-lasting health effects on society. The number of steps people take each day plummeted during the early days of COVID-19—and they’ve yet to recover, according to a study released last week in the same journal.

Researchers with Vanderbilt University examined the daily step patterns of nearly 5,500 people for two years before the pandemic and nearly two years into it. They found that, on average, study participants took about 700 fewer steps per day after the pandemic—equivalent to about a third of a mile less each day.

Pre-pandemic steps were around 7,808 a day. Steps after COVID hovered around 7,089.

The trend continued even after most pandemic restrictions were relaxed, researchers noted. Their findings “suggest a consistent, widespread, and significant decline in activity following the onset of COVID-19 in the U.S.”—and it appears to be a long-term trend, they added.

People of lower socioeconomic status and those who reported worsening mental health during the pandemic were at the highest risk of reduced physical activity, according to the authors.

With steps trending lower, researchers are unsure exactly what the long-term health toll will be. Previous research, however, suggests the drop could make a “substantial contribution to long-term disease risk”—especially in terms of cardiometabolic health, and especially among those who are poor and/or live with mental health challenges, they wrote.

How to add more steps into your day

Here are some easy ways to sneak extra steps into your day, according to the American on the Move Foundation:

• Walk to get the mail, and circle around the block an extra time when you do.

• Chat about the day with loved ones on an after-dinner walk.

• Take an energizing stroll before your morning commute.

• Start an office walking club.

• Volunteer to walk dogs for an animal shelter.

• Take the stairs instead of an escalator or elevator.

• Exit the bus a couple of stops early and walk the rest of the way.

• Play a round of golf, minus the cart.

• Swim laps at a pool (this counts too!).

• Go dancing at a club.

• Join a volleyball team, indoor or outdoor.

• Pick up a tennis match.

• Go ice skating at a local rink.

• Park as far away as you can in parking lots.

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