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高盛预测2026年前美国房市将横盘

高盛预测2026年前美国房市将横盘

LANCE LAMBERT 2023-07-22
高盛预测,未来四年美国房价增长将受限。

图片来源:GETTY IMAGES

2020年夏天,房地产市场出现了一些不合直觉的变化。尽管失业率仍然保持在两位数高位,但市场发生重大转变,进入繁荣期。市场需求激增的直接原因是远程办公引发人们对住房空间的需求增加。值得注意的是,从2020年夏季到2022年,因为个体希望从拥挤的合租环境中独立出来,财务状况好转的千禧一代开始安排自己的独立生活,导致住户组成数比预期高220万。新冠疫情期间住房需求激增程度之高,美联储(Federal Reserve)的研究人员估计,住房供应需要惊人地增加300%,才能满足这种高涨的住房需求。

显然,住房供应一直没有跟上需求的上涨节奏,导致美国房价过热。凯斯-席勒全国房价指数(Case-Shiller National Home Price Index)显示,从2020年3月到2022年6月,美国房价上涨了43.3%。旧金山联邦储备银行(Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco)的研究人员表示,房价上涨有60%以上可以直接归因于居家办公政策引发的需求增加。

快进到2023年,抵押贷款利率的冲击显然抑制了过热——凯斯-席勒指数显示,4月全国房价仍然比2022年6月的峰值低2.4%——然而,市场并未出现大面积回调。房价涨幅绝大多数并未回落,即便是在去年受到房地产调整重创的西部市场也是如此。

最近的房价企稳是否表明,将新冠疫情期间的房地产热潮(Pandemic Housing Boom)带来的部分收益变现的窗口已经关闭?此外,这种企稳是否意味着全国房价已经恢复到正常增长水平?

为了解未来走向,《财富》杂志研究了高盛集团(Goldman Sachs)在7月17日发布的最新经济预测。

高盛集团的模型预测,以凯斯-席勒指数衡量,今后几年美国房价的涨幅将非常微弱:2023年为+1.3%,2024年为+1.7%,2025年为+2.4%,2025年为+3.8%。要想正确看待这个问题,我们要知道,自1976年以来,美国房价的平均年增长率为5.5%,其中包括2021年前所未有的19%的飙升。

虽然从技术上讲,高盛集团的预测结果是房价将缓慢上涨,但有人可能会说,房地产市场将出现“横盘”——至少相对于我们过去十年看到的增长而言是“横盘”。

毕竟,如果这一预测成为现实,到2026年年底,美国房价将仅比2022年6月的新冠疫情峰值高出4.5%,比2023年1月的底部仅上涨10.1%。

尽管二手房库存紧张继续给房价带来上行压力,但高盛集团称,新冠疫情导致的房价上涨和抵押贷款利率从3%至6%以上的飙升造成购买能力紧张,给房价带来了下行压力。经过对上述反作用力的综合考虑,高盛集团的预测显示,房地产市场将陷入僵局,2026年前的房价增长水平将非常低。此外,该预测预计,抵押贷款利率高企的情况将难以缓解,预计2024年至2026年之间的10年期美国国债的平均收益率为3.75%。如果出现这种情况,抵押贷款利率可能就会保持在6%左右。

值得注意的是,截至今年4月,美国房价已经上涨了2.3%。因此,要实现高盛集团关于2023年全美房价上涨1.3%的预测,从现在到今年年底,房价需要出现小幅下跌。

听起来,高盛集团似乎确实认为今秋房价会出现一些下跌。

高盛集团的研究人员在最新的住房报告中写道:“由于抵押贷款利率目前(比春季)高出约75个基点,我们预计未来几个月,与购买能力相关的压力将推动房价增长放缓。”

高盛集团的预测模型还预测,未来通胀不会再次爆发,消费者价格指数(Consumer Price Index)将在2023年上涨3.0%,2024年上涨2.8%,2025年上涨2.4%,2026年上涨2.4%。而高盛预计,就业市场仍将紧张,到2026年,失业率将保持在4%以下。

简而言之,高盛集团预计经济将实现软着陆,而房地产市场将因为负担能力和供应问题而承受压力,导致全国房价在一段时间内相对停滞。(财富中文网)

译者:Agatha

2020年夏天,房地产市场出现了一些不合直觉的变化。尽管失业率仍然保持在两位数高位,但市场发生重大转变,进入繁荣期。市场需求激增的直接原因是远程办公引发人们对住房空间的需求增加。值得注意的是,从2020年夏季到2022年,因为个体希望从拥挤的合租环境中独立出来,财务状况好转的千禧一代开始安排自己的独立生活,导致住户组成数比预期高220万。新冠疫情期间住房需求激增程度之高,美联储(Federal Reserve)的研究人员估计,住房供应需要惊人地增加300%,才能满足这种高涨的住房需求。

显然,住房供应一直没有跟上需求的上涨节奏,导致美国房价过热。凯斯-席勒全国房价指数(Case-Shiller National Home Price Index)显示,从2020年3月到2022年6月,美国房价上涨了43.3%。旧金山联邦储备银行(Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco)的研究人员表示,房价上涨有60%以上可以直接归因于居家办公政策引发的需求增加。

快进到2023年,抵押贷款利率的冲击显然抑制了过热——凯斯-席勒指数显示,4月全国房价仍然比2022年6月的峰值低2.4%——然而,市场并未出现大面积回调。房价涨幅绝大多数并未回落,即便是在去年受到房地产调整重创的西部市场也是如此。

最近的房价企稳是否表明,将新冠疫情期间的房地产热潮(Pandemic Housing Boom)带来的部分收益变现的窗口已经关闭?此外,这种企稳是否意味着全国房价已经恢复到正常增长水平?

为了解未来走向,《财富》杂志研究了高盛集团(Goldman Sachs)在7月17日发布的最新经济预测。

高盛集团的模型预测,以凯斯-席勒指数衡量,今后几年美国房价的涨幅将非常微弱:2023年为+1.3%,2024年为+1.7%,2025年为+2.4%,2025年为+3.8%。要想正确看待这个问题,我们要知道,自1976年以来,美国房价的平均年增长率为5.5%,其中包括2021年前所未有的19%的飙升。

虽然从技术上讲,高盛集团的预测结果是房价将缓慢上涨,但有人可能会说,房地产市场将出现“横盘”——至少相对于我们过去十年看到的增长而言是“横盘”。

毕竟,如果这一预测成为现实,到2026年年底,美国房价将仅比2022年6月的新冠疫情峰值高出4.5%,比2023年1月的底部仅上涨10.1%。

尽管二手房库存紧张继续给房价带来上行压力,但高盛集团称,新冠疫情导致的房价上涨和抵押贷款利率从3%至6%以上的飙升造成购买能力紧张,给房价带来了下行压力。经过对上述反作用力的综合考虑,高盛集团的预测显示,房地产市场将陷入僵局,2026年前的房价增长水平将非常低。此外,该预测预计,抵押贷款利率高企的情况将难以缓解,预计2024年至2026年之间的10年期美国国债的平均收益率为3.75%。如果出现这种情况,抵押贷款利率可能就会保持在6%左右。

值得注意的是,截至今年4月,美国房价已经上涨了2.3%。因此,要实现高盛集团关于2023年全美房价上涨1.3%的预测,从现在到今年年底,房价需要出现小幅下跌。

听起来,高盛集团似乎确实认为今秋房价会出现一些下跌。

高盛集团的研究人员在最新的住房报告中写道:“由于抵押贷款利率目前(比春季)高出约75个基点,我们预计未来几个月,与购买能力相关的压力将推动房价增长放缓。”

高盛集团的预测模型还预测,未来通胀不会再次爆发,消费者价格指数(Consumer Price Index)将在2023年上涨3.0%,2024年上涨2.8%,2025年上涨2.4%,2026年上涨2.4%。而高盛预计,就业市场仍将紧张,到2026年,失业率将保持在4%以下。

简而言之,高盛集团预计经济将实现软着陆,而房地产市场将因为负担能力和供应问题而承受压力,导致全国房价在一段时间内相对停滞。(财富中文网)

译者:Agatha

In the summer of 2020, something counterintuitive occurred in the housing market. Despite the unemployment rate remaining in double digits, the market underwent a significant shift, transitioning into a boom. This surge was a direct result of the remote work trend, which generated a heightened demand for housing space. Notably, between the summer of 2020 and 2022, household formation exceeded expectations by 2.2 million, as individuals sought to separate from crowded roommate situations, and financially stimulated millennials embarked on independent living arrangements. The surge in housing demand during the pandemic was so substantial that Federal Reserve researchers estimated that housing supply would have needed to increase by a staggering 300% in order to match that elevated housing demand.

Clearly, housing supply never matched the surge in demand, leading to an overheating of U.S. home prices. From March 2020 to June 2022, the Case-Shiller National Home Price Index recorded a staggering increase of 43.3% in U.S. home prices. According to researchers at the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, more than 60% of these gains can be directly attributed to the heightened demand triggered by work-from-home policies.

Fast forward to 2023, and the mortgage rate shock has clearly stopped the overheating—national house prices in April as tracked by Case-Shiller remain 2.4% below the June 2022 peak—however, we haven’t seen a huge give-up. The vast majority of pandemic house price gains remain, and that’s true even in Western markets that were hit hard by last year’s housing correction.

Does the recent house price stabilization indicate that the window to relinquish some of the gains from the Pandemic Housing Boom has closed? Moreover, does this stabilization suggest that national home prices have already returned to normal levels of growth?

To get an indication of where things might head next, Fortune looked over Goldman Sachs’ latest economic forecast released on July 17.

Looking ahead, Goldman Sachs’ forecast model predicts a very faint increase in U.S. home prices as measured by Case-Shiller: +1.3% in 2023, followed by +1.7% in 2024, +2.4% in 2025, and +3.8% in 2025. To put this into perspective, the average annual growth rate of U.S. home prices since 1976 has been 5.5%, including an unprecedented surge of 19% in 2021.

While Goldman Sachs’ forecast is technically predicting a slow grind upwards, one could argue it’s also a “sideways” housing market—at least “sideways” relative to the growth rates we’ve seen over the past decade.

After all, if this prediction comes to fruition, U.S. home prices would end 2026 just 4.5% above the pandemic peak achieved in June 2022, and up just 10.1% from the bottom in January 2023.

While tight resale inventory continues to exert upward pressure on home prices, Goldman Sachs indicates that strained affordability resulting from the pandemic house price boom and the spike in mortgage rates from 3% to over 6% is placing downward pressure on prices. However, when these opposing forces are considered collectively, the forecast from Goldman Sachs projects that the housing market will experience a gridlock, with only very low levels of house price growth through 2026. Furthermore, the forecast anticipates minimal relief for mortgage rates, projecting that the 10-year Treasury yield will average 3.75% between 2024 and 2026. If this scenario unfolds, mortgage rates are likely to remain around 6%.

It is important to note that U.S. home prices have already increased by 2.3% this year as of April. Therefore, for Goldman Sachs’ prediction of a 1.3% national house price gain in 2023 to come to fruition, prices would need to experience a slight decline between now and the end of the year.

It sounds like Goldman Sachs does indeed expect some softening this fall.

“With mortgage rates now ~75bp higher [than in the spring], we expect some affordability-related pressures will drive weaker home price growth in coming months,” wrote Goldman Sachs researchers in their latest housing note.

Heading forward, Goldman Sachs’ forecast model also predicts that inflation won’t break out again, with the Consumer Price Index rising 3.0% in 2023, +2.8% in 2024, +2.4% in 2025, and +2.4% in 2026. While Goldman Sachs expects the job market will remain tight, with the unemployment rate staying below 4% through 2026.

In simple terms, Goldman Sachs anticipates an economic soft landing accompanied by a housing market that is strained by affordability and supply issues, resulting in a period of relatively stagnant national house prices.

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