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新冠救济金欺诈金额或超过2,000亿美元

新冠救济金欺诈金额或超过2,000亿美元

Richard Lardner, Jennifer McDermott, 美联社 2023-06-29
美国的新冠疫情救济金欺诈金额究竟高达多少?

根据一家联邦监管机构的最新估计,两项大型疫情救助计划中可能被窃取的金额超过2,000亿美元。该机构正在调查联邦资助计划,这些计划帮助小企业度过了一百多年来最严重的公共卫生危机。

美国小企业管理局(U.S. Small Business Administration)的监察长在6月27日发布的数据远远高于该办公室之前的预测,并强调薪酬保护计划(Paycheck Protection Program)和新冠经济伤害灾难贷款计划(COVID-19 Economic Injury Disaster Loan Program)让诈骗者有机可乘,尤其是在新冠疫情爆发的早期阶段。

监察长的报告称:“至少17%的新冠经济伤害灾难贷款计划和薪酬保护计划的资金被支付给了潜在的诈骗者。”报告预计,新冠经济伤害灾难贷款计划的欺诈金额估计超过1,360亿美元,占该计划总支出的33%。监察长说,薪酬保护计划的欺诈金额估计为640亿美元。

在报告所附的评论中,美国小企业管理局的一位高级官员对这些新数字提出了质疑。美国小企业管理局负责救济金领取的代理副署长贝利·德弗里斯表示,监察长的“计算方法存在严重缺陷,大大高估了欺诈情况,并无意中误导公众认为,在防范欺诈方面,我们共同开展的工作没有发挥重要作用。”

美国小企业管理局监察长此前估计,新冠经济伤害灾难贷款计划的欺诈金额为860亿美元,薪酬保护计划的欺诈金额为200亿美元。

美联社(The Associated Press)6月13日的报道指出,诈骗者可能窃取了约2,800亿美元的新冠紧急救济金;另有1,230亿美元被浪费或误用。大部分潜在损失来自美国小企业管理局管理的两项计划,以及另一项为因新冠疫情造成的经济动荡而突然失业的员工提供失业救济金的计划。美国前总统唐纳德·特朗普政府发起了这三项大型疫情救助计划,而乔·拜登就任美国总统后,也没有改弦更张。美联社估计损失加起来占美国政府迄今为止支付的4.2万亿美元新冠救济金的10%。

美国小企业管理局的监察长汉尼拔·“迈克”·韦尔在6月27日的一份声明中说,这份报告“利用调查案例、之前的(监察长)报告和领先的数据分析技术来确定多项欺诈计划,这些计划利用了旨在帮助有需要的人的救济项目,从美国纳税人那里窃取超过2,000亿美元。”

韦尔在今年6月早些时候接受美联社采访时说,这些最新的欺诈数据不会是他的办公室发布的最后数据。

“我们将继续评估欺诈行为,直到我们完成对欺诈行为的调查。”韦尔说。这可能是一个漫长的过程。韦尔的办公室积压了9万多份具有较大可查性的、关于新冠救济金欺诈行为的线索,这相当于近一个世纪的工作量。

美国小企业管理局此前告诉美联社,联邦政府尚未制定出一套公认的系统来评估联邦项目中的欺诈行为。该机构称,之前的分析指出了“潜在欺诈”或“欺诈指标”,并让公众认为这些数字是真实的欺诈估计,而实际情况并非如此。对于新冠经济伤害灾难贷款计划,该机构表示,其“初步估计”发现欺诈金额可能高达280亿美元。

美国小企业管理局的发言人韩阮(音译)于6月27日在一份声明中说:“必须澄清的是,新冠经济伤害灾难贷款计划和薪酬保护计划中,86%的欺诈行为可能发生在这些计划的前9个月。正如(监察长)经常指出的那样,当时急于将资金发放出去导致了不明智的决定,即突破反诈围栏限制。”

根据美国劳工部(Labor Department)的监察长拉里·特纳的国会证词,根据保守估计,疫情失业援助计划的欺诈金额高达760亿美元。根据他的证词,另有1,150亿美元被误用,支付给了那些本不应得到救济的人。

拜登政府制定了更严格的规则来遏制新冠救济金相关欺诈行为,包括使用“不付款”数据库(可以使用该数据库同时检查多个数据源,以验证收款方是否有资格获得付款)。拜登政府最近还提出了一项16亿美元的计划,以加强执法力度,打击新冠救济金诈骗者。

美国救援计划(American Rescue Plan)的协调员吉恩·斯珀林在6月初的一次采访中表示:“我认为,不管(欺诈总金额)是多少,大部分被骗资金来自于2020年设计和启动的三项计划,这些计划有太多严重漏洞,为诈骗者打开了大门。”

美国联邦流行病应对问责委员会(Pandemic Response Accountability Committee)的前执行主任鲍勃·韦斯特布鲁克斯在接受采访时表示,2,000亿美元这一数字“前所未有,不可理解,也无法接受”。韦斯特布鲁克斯在上周出版了一本书,名为《独自承担责任:监督机构关于美国政府如何在新冠考验中弄巧成拙的报告》(Left Holding the Bag: A Watchdog’s Account of How Washington Fumbled its COVID Test)。

韦斯特布鲁克斯在6月27日表示:“资金的迅速分配和计划的完整性并不相互排斥。政府能够双管齐下。他们本应把基本的欺诈防范措施落实到位,以核实申领者的身份,并确保实现精准救济,让真正有需要的人得到帮助。”(财富中文网)

詹妮弗·麦克德莫特(Jennifer McDermott)在美国罗德岛州普罗维登斯报道。

译者:中慧言-王芳

根据一家联邦监管机构的最新估计,两项大型疫情救助计划中可能被窃取的金额超过2,000亿美元。该机构正在调查联邦资助计划,这些计划帮助小企业度过了一百多年来最严重的公共卫生危机。

美国小企业管理局(U.S. Small Business Administration)的监察长在6月27日发布的数据远远高于该办公室之前的预测,并强调薪酬保护计划(Paycheck Protection Program)和新冠经济伤害灾难贷款计划(COVID-19 Economic Injury Disaster Loan Program)让诈骗者有机可乘,尤其是在新冠疫情爆发的早期阶段。

监察长的报告称:“至少17%的新冠经济伤害灾难贷款计划和薪酬保护计划的资金被支付给了潜在的诈骗者。”报告预计,新冠经济伤害灾难贷款计划的欺诈金额估计超过1,360亿美元,占该计划总支出的33%。监察长说,薪酬保护计划的欺诈金额估计为640亿美元。

在报告所附的评论中,美国小企业管理局的一位高级官员对这些新数字提出了质疑。美国小企业管理局负责救济金领取的代理副署长贝利·德弗里斯表示,监察长的“计算方法存在严重缺陷,大大高估了欺诈情况,并无意中误导公众认为,在防范欺诈方面,我们共同开展的工作没有发挥重要作用。”

美国小企业管理局监察长此前估计,新冠经济伤害灾难贷款计划的欺诈金额为860亿美元,薪酬保护计划的欺诈金额为200亿美元。

美联社(The Associated Press)6月13日的报道指出,诈骗者可能窃取了约2,800亿美元的新冠紧急救济金;另有1,230亿美元被浪费或误用。大部分潜在损失来自美国小企业管理局管理的两项计划,以及另一项为因新冠疫情造成的经济动荡而突然失业的员工提供失业救济金的计划。美国前总统唐纳德·特朗普政府发起了这三项大型疫情救助计划,而乔·拜登就任美国总统后,也没有改弦更张。美联社估计损失加起来占美国政府迄今为止支付的4.2万亿美元新冠救济金的10%。

美国小企业管理局的监察长汉尼拔·“迈克”·韦尔在6月27日的一份声明中说,这份报告“利用调查案例、之前的(监察长)报告和领先的数据分析技术来确定多项欺诈计划,这些计划利用了旨在帮助有需要的人的救济项目,从美国纳税人那里窃取超过2,000亿美元。”

韦尔在今年6月早些时候接受美联社采访时说,这些最新的欺诈数据不会是他的办公室发布的最后数据。

“我们将继续评估欺诈行为,直到我们完成对欺诈行为的调查。”韦尔说。这可能是一个漫长的过程。韦尔的办公室积压了9万多份具有较大可查性的、关于新冠救济金欺诈行为的线索,这相当于近一个世纪的工作量。

美国小企业管理局此前告诉美联社,联邦政府尚未制定出一套公认的系统来评估联邦项目中的欺诈行为。该机构称,之前的分析指出了“潜在欺诈”或“欺诈指标”,并让公众认为这些数字是真实的欺诈估计,而实际情况并非如此。对于新冠经济伤害灾难贷款计划,该机构表示,其“初步估计”发现欺诈金额可能高达280亿美元。

美国小企业管理局的发言人韩阮(音译)于6月27日在一份声明中说:“必须澄清的是,新冠经济伤害灾难贷款计划和薪酬保护计划中,86%的欺诈行为可能发生在这些计划的前9个月。正如(监察长)经常指出的那样,当时急于将资金发放出去导致了不明智的决定,即突破反诈围栏限制。”

根据美国劳工部(Labor Department)的监察长拉里·特纳的国会证词,根据保守估计,疫情失业援助计划的欺诈金额高达760亿美元。根据他的证词,另有1,150亿美元被误用,支付给了那些本不应得到救济的人。

拜登政府制定了更严格的规则来遏制新冠救济金相关欺诈行为,包括使用“不付款”数据库(可以使用该数据库同时检查多个数据源,以验证收款方是否有资格获得付款)。拜登政府最近还提出了一项16亿美元的计划,以加强执法力度,打击新冠救济金诈骗者。

美国救援计划(American Rescue Plan)的协调员吉恩·斯珀林在6月初的一次采访中表示:“我认为,不管(欺诈总金额)是多少,大部分被骗资金来自于2020年设计和启动的三项计划,这些计划有太多严重漏洞,为诈骗者打开了大门。”

美国联邦流行病应对问责委员会(Pandemic Response Accountability Committee)的前执行主任鲍勃·韦斯特布鲁克斯在接受采访时表示,2,000亿美元这一数字“前所未有,不可理解,也无法接受”。韦斯特布鲁克斯在上周出版了一本书,名为《独自承担责任:监督机构关于美国政府如何在新冠考验中弄巧成拙的报告》(Left Holding the Bag: A Watchdog’s Account of How Washington Fumbled its COVID Test)。

韦斯特布鲁克斯在6月27日表示:“资金的迅速分配和计划的完整性并不相互排斥。政府能够双管齐下。他们本应把基本的欺诈防范措施落实到位,以核实申领者的身份,并确保实现精准救济,让真正有需要的人得到帮助。”(财富中文网)

詹妮弗·麦克德莫特(Jennifer McDermott)在美国罗德岛州普罗维登斯报道。

译者:中慧言-王芳

More than $200 billion may have been stolen from two large COVID-19 relief initiatives, according to new estimates from a federal watchdog investigating federally funded programs that helped small businesses survive the worst public health crisis in more than a hundred years.

The numbers issued on June 27 by the U.S. Small Business Administration inspector general are much greater than the office’s previous projections and underscore how vulnerable the Paycheck Protection and COVID-19 Economic Injury Disaster Loan programs were to fraudsters, particularly during the early stages of the coronavirus pandemic.

The inspector general’s report said “at least 17 percent of all COVID-EIDL and PPP funds were disbursed to potentially fraudulent actors.” The fraud estimate for the COVID-19 Economic Injury Disaster Loan program is more than $136 billion, which represents 33 percent of the total money spent on that program, according to the report. The Paycheck Protection fraud estimate is $64 billion, the inspector general said.

In comments attached to the report, a senior SBA official disputed the new numbers. Bailey DeVries, SBA’s acting associate administrator for capital access, said the inspector general’s “approach contains serious flaws that significantly overestimate fraud and unintentionally mislead the public to believe that the work we did together had no significant impact in protecting against fraud.”

The SBA inspector general had previously estimated fraud in the COVID-19 disaster loan program at $86 billion and the Paycheck Protection program at $20 billion.

The Associated Press reported June 13 that scammers and swindlers potentially swiped about $280 billion in COVID-19 emergency aid; another $123 billion was wasted or misspent. The bulk of the potential losses are from the two SBA programs and another to provide unemployment benefits to workers suddenly unemployed by the economic upheaval caused by the pandemic. The three initiatives were launched during the Trump administration and inherited by President Joe Biden. Combined, the loss estimated by AP represents 10% of the $4.2 trillion the U.S. government has so far disbursed in COVID relief aid.

The SBA inspector general, Hannibal “Mike” Ware, said in a statement on June 27 that the report “utilizes investigative casework, prior (inspector general) reporting, and cutting-edge data analysis to identify multiple fraud schemes used to potentially steal over $200 billion from American taxpayers and exploit programs meant to help those in need.”

Ware, in an interview with The Associated Press earlier this month, said that these latest fraud figures won’t be the last ones issued by his office.

“We will continue to assess fraud until we’re finished with the investigations on these things,” Ware said. That could be a long while. Ware’s office has a backlog of more than 90,000 actionable leads into pandemic relief fraud, which amounts to nearly a century’s worth of work.

SBA previously told The Associated Press the federal government has not developed an accepted system for assessing fraud in federal programs. Previous analyses, the agency said, have pointed to “potential fraud” or “fraud indicators” in a manner that conveys those numbers as a true fraud estimate when they are not. For the COVID-19 Economic Injury Disaster Loan program, the agency said it’s “working estimate” found $28 billion in likely fraud.

Han Nguyen, a spokesman for the SBA, said in a statement Tuesday that it is “vital to clarify that 86% of the likely fraud in the PPP and COVID-EIDL programs occurred in the first nine months of those programs when, as the (inspector general) has often noted, the rush to get funds out led to unwise decisions to pull down anti-fraud guardrails.”

Fraud in pandemic unemployment assistance programs stands at $76 billion, according to congressional testimony from Labor Department Inspector General Larry Turner. That’s a conservative estimate. Another $115 billion mistakenly went to people who should not have received the benefits, according to his testimony.

The Biden administration put in place stricter rules to stem pandemic fraud, including use of the “Do Not Pay” database. Biden also recently proposed a $1.6 billion plan to boost law enforcement efforts to go after pandemic relief fraudsters.

“I think the bottom line is regardless of what the (total fraud) number is, it emanates overwhelmingly from three programs that were designed and originated in 2020 with too many large holes that opened the door to criminal fraud,” Gene Sperling, the White House American Rescue Plan coordinator, said in an early June interview.

Bob Westbrooks, a former executive director of the federal Pandemic Response Accountability Committee, said in an interview the $200 billion number is “unacceptable, unprecedented and unfathomable.” Westbrooks published a book last week, “Left Holding the Bag: A Watchdog’s Account of How Washington Fumbled its COVID Test.”

“The swift distribution of funds and program integrity are not mutually exclusive,” Westbrooks said on June 27. “The government can walk and chew gum at the same time. They should have put basic fraud controls in place to verify people’s identity and to make sure targeted relief was getting into the right hands.”

Jennifer McDermott reported from Providence, Rhode Island.

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