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婴儿潮一代正将千禧一代挤出房地产市场

婴儿潮一代正将千禧一代挤出房地产市场

ALICIA ADAMCZYK 2023-06-14
他们的父母辈成为他们买入梦寐以求的首套房的阻力。

众所周知,婴儿潮一代比千禧一代富裕得多,但究竟富裕多少,有助于解释为什么美国的房地产市场被老年人统治。虽然大多数千禧一代现在已经到了购房的“高峰期”,但他们的父母辈却成为他们买入梦寐以求的首套房的阻力。2014年起,千禧一代的购房者比例超过了婴儿潮一代。但就在去年,婴儿潮一代又把自己的孩子挤到了一边,重新成为美国最大的购房群体。美国银行旗下经济智库美国银行研究所(Bank of America Institute)在半年一次的“住房报告”(Housing Morsel)中对市场进行了调查,分析了出现这种情况的关键原因,并对千禧一代和婴儿潮一代在搬家找房过程中出现的一些现象给出了一些出人意料的结论。

该报告研究了过去几年美国银行的客户在国内的搬迁模式,称其可以对人口流动情况进行实时估算,使其相较于人口普查局(Census Bureau)的数据,拥有了提前将近一年的洞察力,在搬迁趋势方面尤其如此。

美国银行援引美联储的数据指出,老一代的财富是千禧一代的八倍,为73万亿美元,而千禧一代的财富仅为大约9万亿美元。(没错,婴儿潮一代积累财富的时间要长几十年,但根据圣路易斯联邦储备银行【St. Louis Fed】的数据,在相同的年纪,如果婴儿潮一代有1美元,千禧一代只有大约84美分。)

虽然千禧一代在疫情开始时有所突破,但随着利率开始上升,他们的长辈很快就再次超过了他们。婴儿潮一代想要为退休换个小房,而千禧一代只是想要拥有人生中的第一套房——只有拥有充足现金的那个群体才能赢得胜利。

美国银行的报告称:“在目前高房价和高利率的环境下,婴儿潮一代对于买房的资金准备更充分。”

为什么你父母的朋友们出价比你高

婴儿潮一代的大部分财富已经以房产的形式存在,可以用来置换离家人和朋友更近的新房。这是千禧一代尚不具备的优势,至少相对而言是这样。到2022年底,千禧一代持有的房产价值约5.5万亿美元,而婴儿潮一代持有近19万亿美元。(还需要指出的是,恰恰是婴儿潮一代希望住得离子女和孙辈更近的愿望阻碍了这些家庭成员构建自己的住房资产。)

婴儿潮一代的寿命也更长了,这对人类来说是件好事,但考虑到美国的住房供应短缺,这也意味着供其他几代人选择的住房减少了。与此同时,千禧一代已经进入了“近年来竞争最激烈、最昂贵、最无情的房地产市场之一”。即使是这群人中最富有的人也开始被迫离场,他们发现美国梦越来越难以实现。

可以肯定的是,婴儿潮一代被孩子辈领先的另外一个原因很可能是,他们更富有、手头有更多现金,可能对利率不那么敏感,因此,房贷利率无论是不足3%,还是飙升至7%以上,对他们的购房费用并没有产生同样大的影响。

美国银行预计,短期内千禧一代大多数仍将持观望状态,因为目前市场上的房产库存普遍价格太高,许多人都负担不起。但该行乐观地预测,这种趋势不会永远持续下去。未来几年,年轻的千禧一代(35岁以下)的住房需求可能会反弹。

婴儿潮一代和千禧一代搬迁的目的地并不相同

美国银行还发现,疫情引发的搬家模式一直持续到了2023年。婴儿潮一代和千禧一代都在离开波士顿、纽约、圣何塞和旧金山等物价昂贵的大城市(尽管与疫情初期相比,他们离开纽约和旧金山的速度正在放缓)。但有趣的是,他们的目的地基本不同。

千禧一代正搬往奥斯汀、克利夫兰、达拉斯和坦帕等城市。与此同时,婴儿潮一代在向拉斯维加斯、凤凰城、奥兰多和坦帕搬迁。

夏洛特、休斯顿和费城也是受欢迎的目的地,而芝加哥、底特律和华盛顿特区的人们持续离开。

虽然大量资金流入通常意味着房价上涨,但在其中一些城市,情况已经不同了。根据美国银行的数据,2020年和2021年,奥斯汀等城市的房价上涨幅度如此之高,可能已经达到了一个最终临界点。由于利率也在上升,再涨就没人买得起了。

报告称:“由于美联储加息推高了住房的借贷成本,尽管这些热门城市的人口持续增长,但需求却受到抑制,因此房价上涨也出现了调整。”

尽管如此,资金流入仍导致租金上涨,尤其是在买不起房的情况下。根据美国银行的数据,2023年4月奥斯汀的租金中位数比去年同期上涨了11%,而奥兰多和坦帕的租金中位数上涨了14%。

虽然许多搬到奥斯汀等城市的千禧一代目前可能会继续租房(这是他们唯一能负担得起的),但美国银行表示,大量资金流入意味着,从长远来看,这些热门城市的房价将继续上涨。(财富中文网)

译者:Agatha

众所周知,婴儿潮一代比千禧一代富裕得多,但究竟富裕多少,有助于解释为什么美国的房地产市场被老年人统治。虽然大多数千禧一代现在已经到了购房的“高峰期”,但他们的父母辈却成为他们买入梦寐以求的首套房的阻力。2014年起,千禧一代的购房者比例超过了婴儿潮一代。但就在去年,婴儿潮一代又把自己的孩子挤到了一边,重新成为美国最大的购房群体。美国银行旗下经济智库美国银行研究所(Bank of America Institute)在半年一次的“住房报告”(Housing Morsel)中对市场进行了调查,分析了出现这种情况的关键原因,并对千禧一代和婴儿潮一代在搬家找房过程中出现的一些现象给出了一些出人意料的结论。

该报告研究了过去几年美国银行的客户在国内的搬迁模式,称其可以对人口流动情况进行实时估算,使其相较于人口普查局(Census Bureau)的数据,拥有了提前将近一年的洞察力,在搬迁趋势方面尤其如此。

美国银行援引美联储的数据指出,老一代的财富是千禧一代的八倍,为73万亿美元,而千禧一代的财富仅为大约9万亿美元。(没错,婴儿潮一代积累财富的时间要长几十年,但根据圣路易斯联邦储备银行【St. Louis Fed】的数据,在相同的年纪,如果婴儿潮一代有1美元,千禧一代只有大约84美分。)

虽然千禧一代在疫情开始时有所突破,但随着利率开始上升,他们的长辈很快就再次超过了他们。婴儿潮一代想要为退休换个小房,而千禧一代只是想要拥有人生中的第一套房——只有拥有充足现金的那个群体才能赢得胜利。

美国银行的报告称:“在目前高房价和高利率的环境下,婴儿潮一代对于买房的资金准备更充分。”

为什么你父母的朋友们出价比你高

婴儿潮一代的大部分财富已经以房产的形式存在,可以用来置换离家人和朋友更近的新房。这是千禧一代尚不具备的优势,至少相对而言是这样。到2022年底,千禧一代持有的房产价值约5.5万亿美元,而婴儿潮一代持有近19万亿美元。(还需要指出的是,恰恰是婴儿潮一代希望住得离子女和孙辈更近的愿望阻碍了这些家庭成员构建自己的住房资产。)

婴儿潮一代的寿命也更长了,这对人类来说是件好事,但考虑到美国的住房供应短缺,这也意味着供其他几代人选择的住房减少了。与此同时,千禧一代已经进入了“近年来竞争最激烈、最昂贵、最无情的房地产市场之一”。即使是这群人中最富有的人也开始被迫离场,他们发现美国梦越来越难以实现。

可以肯定的是,婴儿潮一代被孩子辈领先的另外一个原因很可能是,他们更富有、手头有更多现金,可能对利率不那么敏感,因此,房贷利率无论是不足3%,还是飙升至7%以上,对他们的购房费用并没有产生同样大的影响。

美国银行预计,短期内千禧一代大多数仍将持观望状态,因为目前市场上的房产库存普遍价格太高,许多人都负担不起。但该行乐观地预测,这种趋势不会永远持续下去。未来几年,年轻的千禧一代(35岁以下)的住房需求可能会反弹。

婴儿潮一代和千禧一代搬迁的目的地并不相同

美国银行还发现,疫情引发的搬家模式一直持续到了2023年。婴儿潮一代和千禧一代都在离开波士顿、纽约、圣何塞和旧金山等物价昂贵的大城市(尽管与疫情初期相比,他们离开纽约和旧金山的速度正在放缓)。但有趣的是,他们的目的地基本不同。

千禧一代正搬往奥斯汀、克利夫兰、达拉斯和坦帕等城市。与此同时,婴儿潮一代在向拉斯维加斯、凤凰城、奥兰多和坦帕搬迁。

夏洛特、休斯顿和费城也是受欢迎的目的地,而芝加哥、底特律和华盛顿特区的人们持续离开。

虽然大量资金流入通常意味着房价上涨,但在其中一些城市,情况已经不同了。根据美国银行的数据,2020年和2021年,奥斯汀等城市的房价上涨幅度如此之高,可能已经达到了一个最终临界点。由于利率也在上升,再涨就没人买得起了。

报告称:“由于美联储加息推高了住房的借贷成本,尽管这些热门城市的人口持续增长,但需求却受到抑制,因此房价上涨也出现了调整。”

尽管如此,资金流入仍导致租金上涨,尤其是在买不起房的情况下。根据美国银行的数据,2023年4月奥斯汀的租金中位数比去年同期上涨了11%,而奥兰多和坦帕的租金中位数上涨了14%。

虽然许多搬到奥斯汀等城市的千禧一代目前可能会继续租房(这是他们唯一能负担得起的),但美国银行表示,大量资金流入意味着,从长远来看,这些热门城市的房价将继续上涨。(财富中文网)

译者:Agatha

It’s no secret that baby boomers are vastly wealthier than millennials, but just how much helps explain the state of America’s gerontocratic housing market. While most millennials have now reached the “peak” homebuying age, their parents’ generation is keeping them from buying the starter homes they’ve long dreamed of. The share of millennial homebuyers surpassed boomers from 2014 until last year, when boomers shoved their children aside and reclaimed their place as America’s top homebuying group. The Bank of America Institute, an economic think tank operated by the bank, checked in on the market with its semiannual “Housing Morsel,” and isolated the key reasons why this is happening, along with some surprises about just where millennials and boomers are migrating on their housing searches.

The report looks at domestic migration patterns of BofA customers over the past few years, noting that its real-time estimates population flows give it nearly a year of extra insight over Census Bureau data, particularly with regard to migration trends.

Citing Federal Reserve data, BofA notes the older generation holds eight times the wealth of millennials, $73 trillion compared to around $9 trillion. (Yes, baby boomers have had decades longer to accumulate wealth, but according to the St. Louis Fed, millennials own around 84 cents for every $1 owned by baby boomers at the same age.)

While millennials made headway at the start of the pandemic, their elders soon overtook them again once interest rates started rising. Boomers want to downsize for retirement, while millennials simply want starter homes—and only one group has the cash to win out.

“In the current environment of high home prices and interest rates, baby boomers are better equipped financially for home purchasing,” Bank of America’s report reads.

Why your parents’ friends are outbidding you for your starter house

Much of the baby boomer generation’s wealth is already held in housing equity, which can be leveraged for new homes closer to family and friends. That’s the upper-hand millennials don’t quite have yet, at least comparatively. While millennials held around $5.5 trillion in real estate assets at the end of 2022, boomers held almost $19 trillion. (It can also be pointed out that the boomer desire to be closer to their children and grandchildren is keeping those family members from building their own housing wealth.)

Boomers are also living longer, a positive development for humanity, but also a development that means less housing for other generations, given the U.S.’s supply shortage. Meanwhile, millennials have entered “one of the most competitive, expensive, and unforgiving housing markets of recent times.” Even the wealthiest of that cohort are striking out, finding the American Dream increasingly unattainable.

To be sure, another likely reason boomers have pulled ahead of their children is because, being wealthier and having more cash on hand, they’re likely less rate-sensitive, so the surge in mortgage rates from below 3% to at or above the 7% level hasn’t deterred their homebuying charge nearly as much.

In the near term, Bank of America expects millennials to largely remain on the sidelines—the current inventory in the market is far too expensive for many to afford. But, the bank is optimistic that this trend won’t last forever. Housing demand will likely rebound for young millennials, those younger than 35, in the years to come.

Boomers and millennials aren’t moving to the same places

Pandemic-induced domestic migration patterns are persisting into 2023, BofA also found. Both boomers and millennials are leaving large, expensive cities like Boston, New York, San Jose, and San Francisco (although the pace they are leaving New York and San Francisco is slowing compared to the early years of the pandemic). What’s interesting is they are largely moving to different places.

Millennials are moving to cities like Austin, Cleveland, Dallas, and Tampa. Boomers, meanwhile, are headed to Las Vegas, Phoenix, Orlando, and Tampa.

Charlotte, Houston, and Philadelphia are also popular destinations, while Chicago, Detroit, and Washington D.C. have continued to see people leave.

While large inflows usually mean rising home prices, that’s not the case anymore in some of these cities. Prices rose so much in 2020 and 2021 in cities like Austin, according to BoA, that they might have finally reached a tipping point. With interest rates also on the rise, no one can afford to pay even more.

“As Fed rate hikes pushed up borrowing costs for these homes, demand dampened despite continued population growth in these popular cities, which has led to a correction in home price appreciation,” the report reads.

That said, the inflows are still leading to large rent increases—especially as owning remains unaffordable. The median rent in April 2023 in Austin increased 11% compared to the year before, according to BoA, while the median rent in Orlando and Tampa was up 14%.

While many of the millennials moving to cities like Austin may continue renting for now (that’s all they can afford), Bank of America says the enormous inflows mean that over the long term, housing prices will continue to rise in these popular destinations.

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