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美股重新走牛,但经济衰退仍然不可避免

美股重新走牛,但经济衰退仍然不可避免

ALICE GLEDHILL, ANCHALEE WORRACHATE AND BLOOMBERG 2023-06-14
美国三家银行的倒闭只是即将到来的更大危机的前兆。

许多消费者都已捉襟见肘——这一点在数据中有所体现。盖蒂图片社

美国股市重回牛市,经济表现持续超出预期,导致一些公司认为经济衰退的威胁即使没有完全消除,也已经缓解。

不过,从富达国际(Fidelity International)到德盛安联资产管理(Allianz Global investors)的一些全球最大的债券管理公司表示,这种想法可能会让投资者犯下严重错误。他们坚持经济低迷预测,并建议对冲对风险资产的押注。

根据他们的估算,连续10次加息造成的损害已经形成,3月份美国三家银行的倒闭只是即将到来的更大危机的前兆,因为各国央行在其他事情爆出之前一直保持鹰派立场。就在上周,加拿大和澳大利亚出人意料地加息,这给美联储在即将召开的会议上跟进加息施加了一些压力,因为通胀仍居高不下。

“我最担心的是类似信贷紧缩的情况。”富达国际全球固定收益首席投资官史蒂夫·埃利斯(Steve Ellis)表示。该公司管理着6,630亿美元资产。他说,央行的持续紧缩表明,它们在“和去年的情况作斗争”。

埃利斯建立了久期风险(对政府债券等利率敏感资产的市场术语),理由是当央行被迫暂停加息或转为宽松政策时,它们的表现将优于其他资产。他预计,到年底,10年期美国国债收益率将降至3%,比目前水平低近75个基点,因为市场开始意识到经济衰退将比大多数人认为的要严重。

埃利斯表示,与此同时,垃圾级公司债券看起来容易受到回调的影响。富达国际的分析显示,该行业预计企业违约率约为4.6%,而实际违约率将接近8%。

德盛安联资产管理投资组合经理迈克·里德尔(Mike Riddell)认为,股票、债券和公司债务都对风险进行了错误定价,只有通胀掉期对经济前景的判断正确。所谓的1年远期通胀率目前为2.4%,如果不考虑投资者的风险补偿,则接近2%。他说,这意味着未来六个月将出现“严重衰退”。

“我们的基本预测是出现中度至深度衰退,并可能出现危机,因为去年全球史无前例的政策收紧开始产生严重影响。”里德尔称。他建议看涨利率,看跌信贷等风险资产。

货币市场交易员押注美联储在7月前再次加息25个基点的可能性为90%。投资者还预计,从下周的会议开始,欧洲央行将至少再加息50个基点。尽管今年第一季度欧元区经济已经陷入衰退,该地区经济强国德国的问题日益严重。

毋庸置疑的是,经济衰退出现的时间比年初许多人设想的要长得多,而且经济可能会继续超出预期。5月份非农就业人数激增,超出了所有人的预期。

美国债务上限问题的解决也有助于改善市场情绪,高盛集团的经济学家将未来12个月美国经济衰退的几率降至25%。高盛集团(Goldman Sachs Group Inc.)首席运营官约翰·沃尔德伦(John Waldron)表示,经济衰退可能不会发生。

但消费者痛苦的迹象正在增加。

信用卡余额去年第四季度达到9860亿美元,第一季度基本保持不变,这是20多年来的第一次。通常情况下,随着人们偿还假日季的债务,信用卡余额会出现下降。

PGIM的投资组合经理帕特里克•麦克多诺(Patrick McDonough)表示:“消费者手头拮据,所以我不能100%确定目前软着陆是否现实。经济下行的可能性越来越大,因为长期以来消费一直在支撑经济增长。”(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-王芳

美国股市重回牛市,经济表现持续超出预期,导致一些公司认为经济衰退的威胁即使没有完全消除,也已经缓解。

不过,从富达国际(Fidelity International)到德盛安联资产管理(Allianz Global investors)的一些全球最大的债券管理公司表示,这种想法可能会让投资者犯下严重错误。他们坚持经济低迷预测,并建议对冲对风险资产的押注。

根据他们的估算,连续10次加息造成的损害已经形成,3月份美国三家银行的倒闭只是即将到来的更大危机的前兆,因为各国央行在其他事情爆出之前一直保持鹰派立场。就在上周,加拿大和澳大利亚出人意料地加息,这给美联储在即将召开的会议上跟进加息施加了一些压力,因为通胀仍居高不下。

“我最担心的是类似信贷紧缩的情况。”富达国际全球固定收益首席投资官史蒂夫·埃利斯(Steve Ellis)表示。该公司管理着6,630亿美元资产。他说,央行的持续紧缩表明,它们在“和去年的情况作斗争”。

埃利斯建立了久期风险(对政府债券等利率敏感资产的市场术语),理由是当央行被迫暂停加息或转为宽松政策时,它们的表现将优于其他资产。他预计,到年底,10年期美国国债收益率将降至3%,比目前水平低近75个基点,因为市场开始意识到经济衰退将比大多数人认为的要严重。

埃利斯表示,与此同时,垃圾级公司债券看起来容易受到回调的影响。富达国际的分析显示,该行业预计企业违约率约为4.6%,而实际违约率将接近8%。

德盛安联资产管理投资组合经理迈克·里德尔(Mike Riddell)认为,股票、债券和公司债务都对风险进行了错误定价,只有通胀掉期对经济前景的判断正确。所谓的1年远期通胀率目前为2.4%,如果不考虑投资者的风险补偿,则接近2%。他说,这意味着未来六个月将出现“严重衰退”。

“我们的基本预测是出现中度至深度衰退,并可能出现危机,因为去年全球史无前例的政策收紧开始产生严重影响。”里德尔称。他建议看涨利率,看跌信贷等风险资产。

货币市场交易员押注美联储在7月前再次加息25个基点的可能性为90%。投资者还预计,从下周的会议开始,欧洲央行将至少再加息50个基点。尽管今年第一季度欧元区经济已经陷入衰退,该地区经济强国德国的问题日益严重。

毋庸置疑的是,经济衰退出现的时间比年初许多人设想的要长得多,而且经济可能会继续超出预期。5月份非农就业人数激增,超出了所有人的预期。

美国债务上限问题的解决也有助于改善市场情绪,高盛集团的经济学家将未来12个月美国经济衰退的几率降至25%。高盛集团(Goldman Sachs Group Inc.)首席运营官约翰·沃尔德伦(John Waldron)表示,经济衰退可能不会发生。

但消费者痛苦的迹象正在增加。

信用卡余额去年第四季度达到9860亿美元,第一季度基本保持不变,这是20多年来的第一次。通常情况下,随着人们偿还假日季的债务,信用卡余额会出现下降。

PGIM的投资组合经理帕特里克•麦克多诺(Patrick McDonough)表示:“消费者手头拮据,所以我不能100%确定目前软着陆是否现实。经济下行的可能性越来越大,因为长期以来消费一直在支撑经济增长。”(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-王芳

US stocks are back in a bull market and the American economy has consistently outperformed expectations, leading some firms to suggest the threat of recession has eased, if not altogether passed.

Such thinking, though, risks a grave error for investors, according to some of the world’s biggest bond managers from Fidelity International to Allianz Global Investors. They’re sticking to their forecasts for a downturn and advise hedging any bets on risk assets.

By their reckoning, the damage from 10 straight increases has been done and the collapse of three US lenders in March was just a taste of the bigger crisis to come as central banks stay hawkish until something else breaks. Just last week, Canada and Australia delivered surprise hikes, putting some pressure on the Federal Reserve to follow at an upcoming meeting as inflation remains persistently high.

“Something akin to a credit crunch is what I’m most concerned about,” said Steve Ellis, global fixed-income chief investment officer at Fidelity International, which manages $663 billion of assets. Central banks’ continued tightening shows they’re “fighting last year’s battle,” he said.

Ellis has built up duration risk, market parlance for interest-rate sensitive assets such as government bonds, on the grounds that when central banks are forced to switch to a pause or to looser policy, they will outperform. He sees the 10-year Treasury yield falling to 3% by year-end, nearly 75 basis points below the current level, as markets start to realize the recession will be deeper than most think.

At the same time, junk-rated corporate bonds look vulnerable to a correction, Ellis said. Fidelity’s analysis suggests the sector is pricing in a corporate default rate of about 4.6%, when in reality it will be closer to 8%.

For Mike Riddell, a portfolio manager at Allianz Global Investors, stocks, bonds and corporate debt are mispricing the risks, and only inflation-rate swaps have the economic outlook right. The so-called one year, one year forward inflation rate is currently at 2.4%, or close to 2% when risk compensation for investors is factored out. That implies a “nasty recession” within the next six months, he said.

“Our base case is for a moderate-to-deep recession — and potentially crises — as the unprecedented pace of global policy tightening seen over the last year starts to really bite,” Riddell said. He recommends being bullishly positioned in rates and bearishly positioned in risk assets like credit.

Money market traders are wagering on a 90% chance of another quarter-point hike from the Fed by July. Investors are also expecting at least another 50 basis points of hikes from the European Central Bank — starting at next week’s meeting. That’s despite the bloc already brushing with recession in the first quarter and growing issues in Germany, the region’s economic powerhouse.

To be sure, the recession is taking far longer to show up than many envisaged at the start of the year, and it’s possible the economy may keep defying expectations. Nonfarm payrolls, which surged in May, surpassed all estimates.

The resolution of the US debt ceiling saga also helped improve sentiment and was cited by Goldman’s economists in lowering the odds of a US recession in the next 12 months to 25%. Goldman Sachs Group Inc.’s Chief Operating Officer John Waldron, says a recession may not happen.

But signs of consumer pain are mounting.

Credit-card balances, which hit $986 billion in the fourth quarter of last year, remained largely unchanged in the first quarter for the first time in more than twenty years. Normally they post a dip as people pay off their debts from the holiday season.

“Consumers are stretched, so I’m not 100% sure that a soft landing is really realistic at this point,” said Patrick McDonough, a portfolio manager at PGIM. “The downside is becoming more and more likely, just because we’ve been propped up by consumers for so long.”

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