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五大性格特征决定你能够存多少钱

五大性格特征决定你能够存多少钱

Alexa Mikhail 2023-03-04
当存钱目标与核心性格特征一致时,人们就可以存下更多的钱。

一项新研究表明,个性化推荐可能影响人们的存钱意愿。图片来源:GETTY IMAGES

关键要点

  •  美国人的储蓄率已经接近历史最低水平
  •  本周发表的一项新研究表明,当人们的储蓄目标与他们的核心性格特征相一致时,他们会节省更多的钱
  •  对于那些受到存钱的个性化目标邮件激励的人,他们能够更成功地储蓄

不管是买房首付,有孩子想买辆更大的车,还是为了大学基金和退休,很多人都希望可以为将来多存一些钱。

然而现实是,存钱对很多美国人来说很困难。通货膨胀导致美国人每月平均损失100美元,美国经济分析局(Bureau of Economic Analysis)2022年冬季的数据显示,即便收入增加,存款金额也接近历史最低水平。

为了深入理解人们的财务行为和动机,位于纽约的哥伦比亚大学和科罗拉多大学博尔德分校的研究人员发现,设定不同的存钱目标会与不同性格类型产生共鸣,从而影响行为。

“我们只是灌输这样一种观点,如果你现在存点钱,就不会只是储蓄账户里的黑盒子。”该研究的作者、哥伦比亚大学商学院研究人类行为的商业副教授桑德拉·马茨对《财富》杂志表示:“列出未来用这些钱能够做的事情……关键在于针对个性化心理。”

英国近2,500名参与者回答了与存钱目标相关的问题,不管是为汽车、家庭攒钱还是未雨绸缪。他们还回答了一些问题,有助于研究人员了解其性格属于五大性格中的哪一类:随和、细致、神经质、开放和外向。

发表在《美国心理学家》杂志的研究结果中,研究人员称如果人们的存钱目标与核心性格特质一致,就可以存更多的钱。存钱过程中不可避免会参考财务状况,个性对存钱能力的影响占略低于5%。论文作者指出,虽然研究不能影响某人的攒钱能力,但如果可以针对个性,就有可能影响存钱意愿。

为了解特定的干预措施对存钱行为有何影响,研究人员更进一步。他们研究了涉及存钱的个性化邮件对美国6,000多名参与者的影响,刚开始参与者的存款均不足100美元。

研究人员与存钱应用程序及非盈利组织SaverLife合作。一些参与者会收到个性化邮件和目标,其他人收到一般消息或没有消息。收到个性化存钱邮件的人一个月内成功地多存了100美元。

例如,对非常随和的人,邮件中强调存钱对他们关心的人能够直接带来的影响。

“如果他们关心他人和所爱的人,就用这种方式描述:‘如果你存了一些钱,就可以更好地保护你爱的人。’”马茨说。

如果有人在外向性方面得分较低,存钱邮件的主题和正文就都这样写:“为自己的生活存钱:存100美元的竞赛已经开始!我们知道独处时间的质量对你很重要。存款越多,就越能够按照喜欢的方式独处。”马茨与《财富》杂志分享道。

给性格外向的人的邮件里写着:“激动人心的时刻即将到来:存100美元的竞赛已经开始!尽管现在可能无法见到朋友,但我们可以为未来攒钱。如果想到将来跟朋友一起欢度时光让你快乐,接下来有让你兴奋的消息。”

存钱是人们原本就有的心理概念,想存钱就要延迟即时满足。马茨表示,这需要激励和自律,因为短期内大脑无法获得奖励。

“把钱存入账户时,并不一定会想:‘这笔存款要用来做什么。’”马茨说。“对人们而言,这是一个很难的决定”,凸显了“意图-行动差距”,即人们尽管内心很想存钱实际上却做不到。

马茨表示,了解性格有助于弥补“意图-行动差距”。

“个性化广告利用的机制完全相同。先尝试去了解对方然后定制内容,好让人买更多。” 马茨说。“目前使用的很多个性化策略或方法其实大多是为了公司利益最大化,我认为也能够用来帮助人们实现目标……只要充分洞察人们的动机,个性化工具效果惊人。”(财富中文网)

译者:梁宇

审校:夏林

关键要点

  •  美国人的储蓄率已经接近历史最低水平
  •  本周发表的一项新研究表明,当人们的储蓄目标与他们的核心性格特征相一致时,他们会节省更多的钱
  •  对于那些受到存钱的个性化目标邮件激励的人,他们能够更成功地储蓄

不管是买房首付,有孩子想买辆更大的车,还是为了大学基金和退休,很多人都希望可以为将来多存一些钱。

然而现实是,存钱对很多美国人来说很困难。通货膨胀导致美国人每月平均损失100美元,美国经济分析局(Bureau of Economic Analysis)2022年冬季的数据显示,即便收入增加,存款金额也接近历史最低水平。

为了深入理解人们的财务行为和动机,位于纽约的哥伦比亚大学和科罗拉多大学博尔德分校的研究人员发现,设定不同的存钱目标会与不同性格类型产生共鸣,从而影响行为。

“我们只是灌输这样一种观点,如果你现在存点钱,就不会只是储蓄账户里的黑盒子。”该研究的作者、哥伦比亚大学商学院研究人类行为的商业副教授桑德拉·马茨对《财富》杂志表示:“列出未来用这些钱能够做的事情……关键在于针对个性化心理。”

英国近2,500名参与者回答了与存钱目标相关的问题,不管是为汽车、家庭攒钱还是未雨绸缪。他们还回答了一些问题,有助于研究人员了解其性格属于五大性格中的哪一类:随和、细致、神经质、开放和外向。

发表在《美国心理学家》杂志的研究结果中,研究人员称如果人们的存钱目标与核心性格特质一致,就可以存更多的钱。存钱过程中不可避免会参考财务状况,个性对存钱能力的影响占略低于5%。论文作者指出,虽然研究不能影响某人的攒钱能力,但如果可以针对个性,就有可能影响存钱意愿。

为了解特定的干预措施对存钱行为有何影响,研究人员更进一步。他们研究了涉及存钱的个性化邮件对美国6,000多名参与者的影响,刚开始参与者的存款均不足100美元。

研究人员与存钱应用程序及非盈利组织SaverLife合作。一些参与者会收到个性化邮件和目标,其他人收到一般消息或没有消息。收到个性化存钱邮件的人一个月内成功地多存了100美元。

例如,对非常随和的人,邮件中强调存钱对他们关心的人能够直接带来的影响。

“如果他们关心他人和所爱的人,就用这种方式描述:‘如果你存了一些钱,就可以更好地保护你爱的人。’”马茨说。

如果有人在外向性方面得分较低,存钱邮件的主题和正文就都这样写:“为自己的生活存钱:存100美元的竞赛已经开始!我们知道独处时间的质量对你很重要。存款越多,就越能够按照喜欢的方式独处。”马茨与《财富》杂志分享道。

给性格外向的人的邮件里写着:“激动人心的时刻即将到来:存100美元的竞赛已经开始!尽管现在可能无法见到朋友,但我们可以为未来攒钱。如果想到将来跟朋友一起欢度时光让你快乐,接下来有让你兴奋的消息。”

存钱是人们原本就有的心理概念,想存钱就要延迟即时满足。马茨表示,这需要激励和自律,因为短期内大脑无法获得奖励。

“把钱存入账户时,并不一定会想:‘这笔存款要用来做什么。’”马茨说。“对人们而言,这是一个很难的决定”,凸显了“意图-行动差距”,即人们尽管内心很想存钱实际上却做不到。

马茨表示,了解性格有助于弥补“意图-行动差距”。

“个性化广告利用的机制完全相同。先尝试去了解对方然后定制内容,好让人买更多。” 马茨说。“目前使用的很多个性化策略或方法其实大多是为了公司利益最大化,我认为也能够用来帮助人们实现目标……只要充分洞察人们的动机,个性化工具效果惊人。”(财富中文网)

译者:梁宇

审校:夏林

Key takeaways

  •  Savings rates for Americans have neared record lows
  •  When people’s savings goals aligned with their core personality traits, they saved more money, according to a new study published this week
  •  For those incentivized with personality-targeted savings emails, they were able to save more successfully

Whether it’s setting aside money for a down payment on a home, a bigger car for when you have children, or college funds and retirement, many of us aim to master the art of saving for the future.

Still, many Americans struggle to save money. Inflation led Americans to take out an average of $100 a month from savings last year, and savings have neared record lows even for those whose income has increased, according to data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) this winter.

To better understand people’s financial behaviors and motivations, researchers from Columbia University in New York and the University of Colorado in Boulder found different savings goals resonated with varying personality types, which influenced their behavior.

“We just instill this idea that if you save some money now it’s not just a black box that’s sitting somewhere in your savings account,” Dr. Sandra Matz, author on the study and an associate professor of business at Columbia Business School who studies human behavior, tells Fortune. “But here’s actually what you could potentially do with these savings in the future…it’s about personality psychological targeting.”

Nearly 2,500 participants in the U.K. answered questions related to their savings goals, whether saving for a car, family, or a rainy day. They also answered questions that helped researchers understand where they fit within the five big personality traits: agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness, and extroversion.

When people’s savings goals aligned with their core personality traits, they saved more money, the researchers report in their findings published in the journal American Psychologist. While financial standing inevitably played a role in savings, personality accounted for slightly less than 5% of someone’s savings ability. In their paper, the authors note that while their research cannot influence someone’s ability to save, targeting personality can play a part in influencing someone’s willingness to save.

To see how a specific intervention influences people’s savings behaviors, the researchers took a step further. They examined how personalized savings-related emails impacted over 6,000 participants in the U.S. who had less than $100 in savings at the start.

The researchers partnered with SaverLife, a savings app and nonprofit. While some of the participants got personalized emails and goals, others got generic messages or no messages at all. Those who received personality-based emails for saving money had the most success achieving $100 more in savings in one month.

For someone high in agreeableness, the emails framed savings as a direct influence on those they care about, for example.

“If they care about other people and their loved ones, what you want to do is frame saving in a way that you can say, ‘Well, if you save some money, now, you make sure that your loved ones are being protected,’” Matz says.

If someone scored low in extroversion, the subject line and body of the savings email read, “Save toward your own self-care: The Race to $100 begins! We know quality alone time is important to you. The more you save, the more you can design your alone time just the way you want it,” Matz shares with Fortune.

For someone high in extroversion, it read, “Exciting times ahead: The Race to $100 begins! Even though you may not be able to meet up with friends right now, you can certainly save money for when the time comes. If funding a future full of great times with your friends excites you, we have some exhilarating news.”

Saving money is an inherently psychological concept. Committing to it delays instant gratification. It takes motivation and self-discipline because it doesn’t reward the brain in the short-term, Matz says.

“You’re putting money into an account, but it’s not that we necessarily have this idea of ‘Here’s what we’re gonna do with those savings,’” Matz says. “That’s a decision that is really difficult for people to make,” highlighting the “intention-action gap” or inability for people to succeed in saving money despite having the genuine desire to do so.

Understanding personality can help mend that “intention-action gap,” Matz says.

“Targeted advertising is using exactly the same mechanisms. We kind of try and understand the person, and then we tailor the content so that people buy more,” Matz says. “A lot of the strategies or approaches to personalization that we currently use, mostly in the best interest of companies to be fair, I think we can also use to help people accomplish their goals…once you understand people’s motivations, that’s an amazing tool.”

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