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空气污染会导致骨质疏松症吗?科学研究发现两者有关联

空气污染会导致骨质疏松症吗?科学研究发现两者有关联

L'Oreal Thompson Payton 2023-03-02
一项新研究发现,空气污染水平升高会导致骨损伤。

图片来源:MASKOT—GETTY IMAGES

关键要点

 骨质疏松症是一种骨骼疾病,可以导致骨强度降低,容易发生骨折

 根据一项新的研究,空气质量差可能招致骨质流失的风险

 研究发现,空气污染对腰椎的影响最为明显

50岁以上女性患骨质疏松症的风险更高,但位于美国纽约的哥伦比亚大学(Columbia University)梅尔曼公共卫生学院(Mailman School of Public Health)的一项新研究确定,空气污染水平升高会导致绝经后女性骨损伤。

该研究发现,空气污染对腰椎的影响最为明显,根据这份研究的新闻稿,“氮氧化物对腰椎的损害是正常老化的两倍”。

除了发电厂排放的废气外,汽车尾气也是氮氧化物的主要来源。

这份研究的第一作者、美国哥伦比亚大学梅尔曼公共卫生学院环境健康科学系(Department of Environmental Health Sciences)的副研究员迪迪尔·普拉达博士在一份新闻稿中说:“我们的研究结果证实,空气质量差可能招致骨质流失的风险,这与社会经济或者人口因素无关。我们首次有证据表明,氮氧化物是导致骨损伤的主要原因,腰椎是最易出现这种损伤的部位之一。”

据美国国家关节炎、肌肉骨骼和皮肤病研究所(National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases)称,骨质疏松症是一种骨密度和骨量较低时发生的骨骼疾病,会导致骨强度降低,容易发生骨折。

美国每年大约发生210万例与骨质疏松症相关的骨折,导致每年高达203亿美元的直接医疗费用。骨质疏松症对女性的影响比男性更大,估计1,000万名美国骨质疏松症患者中80%是女性。

绝经后的女性患骨质疏松症的风险更高——在50岁以上的女性里,每两人中就有一人会因为骨质疏松症而发生骨折。除了降低骨密度和增加晚年骨折的风险外,空气污染还与心血管和呼吸系统疾病、肺癌和认知障碍有关。

研究人员分析了长期开展的“妇女健康倡议”(Women’s Health Initiative)的数据,这是一项由161,808名绝经女性组成的种族多样化队列研究。参与者在1994年9月至1998年12月入组期间,年龄在50岁至79岁之间。研究人员对2020年1月至2022年8月的数据进行了分析。

在入组时,有9,000多名女性的骨密度和长期空气污染数据可用。研究人员在入组时测量了参与者的骨密度(全身、总髋关节、股骨颈和腰椎骨),并在第一年、第三年和第六年随访中使用双能X射线吸收仪(也称为DEXA扫描)测量了参与者的骨密度。

研究发现,氮氧化物对腰椎骨密度的影响相当于骨密度每年减少1.22%,几乎是老化对任何解剖部位影响的两倍。他们还指出,这些影响被认为是“通过氧化损伤和其他机制引起的骨细胞死亡而产生的”。

“改善空气污染暴露,特别是氮氧化物,将减少绝经后女性的骨损伤,预防骨折,并减轻她们与骨质疏松症相关的健康成本负担。进一步的工作应该集中于检测那些与空气污染相关的骨损伤风险较高者。”这篇论文的首席作者、哥伦比亚大学梅尔曼公共卫生学院环境健康科学系的主任安德烈亚·巴卡雷利博士在一份新闻稿里说道。(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-王芳

关键要点

 骨质疏松症是一种骨骼疾病,可以导致骨强度降低,容易发生骨折

 根据一项新的研究,空气质量差可能招致骨质流失的风险

 研究发现,空气污染对腰椎的影响最为明显

50岁以上女性患骨质疏松症的风险更高,但位于美国纽约的哥伦比亚大学(Columbia University)梅尔曼公共卫生学院(Mailman School of Public Health)的一项新研究确定,空气污染水平升高会导致绝经后女性骨损伤。

该研究发现,空气污染对腰椎的影响最为明显,根据这份研究的新闻稿,“氮氧化物对腰椎的损害是正常老化的两倍”。

除了发电厂排放的废气外,汽车尾气也是氮氧化物的主要来源。

这份研究的第一作者、美国哥伦比亚大学梅尔曼公共卫生学院环境健康科学系(Department of Environmental Health Sciences)的副研究员迪迪尔·普拉达博士在一份新闻稿中说:“我们的研究结果证实,空气质量差可能招致骨质流失的风险,这与社会经济或者人口因素无关。我们首次有证据表明,氮氧化物是导致骨损伤的主要原因,腰椎是最易出现这种损伤的部位之一。”

据美国国家关节炎、肌肉骨骼和皮肤病研究所(National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases)称,骨质疏松症是一种骨密度和骨量较低时发生的骨骼疾病,会导致骨强度降低,容易发生骨折。

美国每年大约发生210万例与骨质疏松症相关的骨折,导致每年高达203亿美元的直接医疗费用。骨质疏松症对女性的影响比男性更大,估计1,000万名美国骨质疏松症患者中80%是女性。

绝经后的女性患骨质疏松症的风险更高——在50岁以上的女性里,每两人中就有一人会因为骨质疏松症而发生骨折。除了降低骨密度和增加晚年骨折的风险外,空气污染还与心血管和呼吸系统疾病、肺癌和认知障碍有关。

研究人员分析了长期开展的“妇女健康倡议”(Women’s Health Initiative)的数据,这是一项由161,808名绝经女性组成的种族多样化队列研究。参与者在1994年9月至1998年12月入组期间,年龄在50岁至79岁之间。研究人员对2020年1月至2022年8月的数据进行了分析。

在入组时,有9,000多名女性的骨密度和长期空气污染数据可用。研究人员在入组时测量了参与者的骨密度(全身、总髋关节、股骨颈和腰椎骨),并在第一年、第三年和第六年随访中使用双能X射线吸收仪(也称为DEXA扫描)测量了参与者的骨密度。

研究发现,氮氧化物对腰椎骨密度的影响相当于骨密度每年减少1.22%,几乎是老化对任何解剖部位影响的两倍。他们还指出,这些影响被认为是“通过氧化损伤和其他机制引起的骨细胞死亡而产生的”。

“改善空气污染暴露,特别是氮氧化物,将减少绝经后女性的骨损伤,预防骨折,并减轻她们与骨质疏松症相关的健康成本负担。进一步的工作应该集中于检测那些与空气污染相关的骨损伤风险较高者。”这篇论文的首席作者、哥伦比亚大学梅尔曼公共卫生学院环境健康科学系的主任安德烈亚·巴卡雷利博士在一份新闻稿里说道。(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-王芳

Key takeaways

 Osteoporosis is a bone disease that can lead to a decrease in bone strength and an increase in fractures

 Poor air quality may be a risk factor for bone loss, according to a new study

 The study found that the effects of air pollution were most evident in the lumbar spine

Women over 50 are already at a higher risk of osteoporosis, but a new study from Columbia University’s Mailman School of Public Health in New York has determined that elevated levels of air pollutants can contribute to bone damage in postmenopausal women.

The study found that the effects of air pollution were most evident in the lumbar spine, “with nitrous oxides twice as damaging to the area than seen with normal aging,” according to a press release about the study.

Vehicle exhaust is a major source of nitrous oxides, in addition to emissions from electrical power generation plants.

“Our findings confirm that poor air quality may be a risk factor for bone loss, independent of socioeconomic or demographic factors,” said Dr. Diddier Prada, study first author and associate research scientist in the Department of Environmental Health Sciences at Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, said in a press release. “For the first time, we have evidence that nitrogen oxides, in particular, are a major contributor to bone damage and that the lumbar spine is one of the most susceptible sites of this damage.”

Osteoporosis is a bone disease that occurs when bone mineral density and bone mass decrease, which can lead to a decrease in bone strength and an increase in fractures, according to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases.

Approximately 2.1 million osteoporosis-related bone fractures occur annually and the disease impacts women more than men as 80% of the estimated 10 million Americans with osteoporosis are women. Each year, osteoporotic fractures result in up to $20.3 billion in direct health costs.

Postmenopausal women are at a higher risk, as one in two women over the age of 50 are likely to experience a bone fracture as a result of osteoporosis. In addition to reducing bone mineral density and increasing the risk for bone fracture later in life, air pollution is also associated with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, lung cancer, and impaired cognition.

Researchers analyzed data from the long-standing Women’s Health Initiative, an ethnically diverse study of 161,808 postmenopausal women. Participants were between the ages of 50 and 79 years during enrollment from September 1994 through December 1998. Data was analyzed from January 2020 to August 2022.

At the time of enrollment, a little more than 9,000 women had bone mineral density and long-term air pollution data available. Researchers measured whole-body, total hip, femoral neck, and lumbar spine bone mineral density at enrollment and followed up during year one, year three, and year six using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, also known as a DEXA scan.

Researchers found that lumbar spine bone mineral density amounted to 1.22% annual reductions, which is nearly double the annual effects of age on any of the anatomical sites evaluated. They also noted these effects are believed to happen “through bone cell death by way of oxidative damage and other mechanisms.”

“Improvements in air pollution exposure, particularly nitrogen oxides, will reduce bone damage in postmenopausal women, prevent bone fractures, and reduce the health cost burden associated with osteoporosis among postmenopausal women,” lead author Dr. Andrea Baccarelli, chair of the Department of Environmental Health Sciences at Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, said in a press release. “Further efforts should focus on detecting those at higher risk of air pollution-related bone damage.”

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