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上市公司即将迎来“盈利衰退”,美股可能重蹈2008年金融危机时期覆辙

上市公司即将迎来“盈利衰退”,美股可能重蹈2008年金融危机时期覆辙

WILL DANIEL 2022-12-22
投资者过于关注美联储的加息和通胀,而真正的问题是经济增长放缓和企业盈利衰退。

纽约证券交易所的股票交易员彼得·塔奇曼(Peter Tuchman)。图片来源:SPENCER PLATT—GETTY IMAGES

在熊市中,股票通常不会直线下跌。

在过去50年里,即使是在现代最严重的金融危机中,每次熊市平均也会出现6.5次短暂反弹。

不出所料,今年的情况也不例外。但一直以来,摩根士丹利(Morgan Stanley)首席投资官和美国股票策略师迈克·威尔逊(Mike Wilson)都警告投资者不要陷入这些“熊市陷阱”。

在《机构投资者》(Institutional Investor)最新调查中被评为全球顶级股票策略师的威尔逊认为,即使在标准普尔500指数今年下跌逾20%之后,股市仍将进一步下跌。他认为,投资者过于关注美联储的加息和通胀,而真正的问题是经济增长放缓和企业盈利衰退。

威尔逊在周一的一份研究报告中写道:“盈利衰退本身可能与2008/2009年的情况类似。我们的建议是,在这种结果真正发生之前,不要假设市场正在为这种结果定价。”

威尔逊认为,标准普尔500指数将在2023年第一季度从目前的约3800点跌至3000点至3300点之间。到明年年底,他预计该指数将恢复到3900点,在“熊市情况”下甚至会恢复到3500点。

但是,尽管华尔街最近预测经济末日将会来临,经济衰退持续的时间是“正常时间跨度的两倍”,甚至是“另一种形式的大萧条”,威尔逊说,经济可能会经受住利率上升和高通胀的考验,或者至少避免“资产负债表衰退”和“系统性金融风险”。

另一方面,这位策略师对投资者发出了令人不寒而栗的警告:“股票的跌幅对股市的影响将比大多数投资者预期的要严重得多。”

闪回到2008年8月?

威尔逊在周一的报告中说,投资者正在犯和2008年8月一样的错误,他们低估了企业盈利下降带来的风险。

他写道:“我们提出这个问题,是因为我们经常听到客户说,大家都知道明年的盈利过高,因此,市场已经定好价了。”他指的是乐观的盈利预期。“然而,我们记得在2008年8月听到过类似的话,当时我们的盈利模型与市场共识之间的差距也一样大。”

从这一背景来看,到2008年8月中旬,美国经济已经陷入衰退,标准普尔500指数较上年同期下跌20%,至1300点左右。许多投资者开始认为熊市最糟糕的时期已经过去,但随着企业盈利下滑,盈利触底。

到第二年3月,蓝筹股指数仅为683点。威尔逊在他的报告中制作了一张图表,比较了2008年8月至今的一些关键股市统计数据。

他在图表中指出,标准普尔500指数目前仍被投资者估值过高。在2008年8月,市盈率约为13倍,但如今已升至16.8倍。

当时,美联储也已将利率下调了3.25%,以挽救美国经济,使其摆脱后来被称为“大金融危机”的影响。

如今,它计划继续加息,并维持高利率以对抗通货膨胀。威尔逊表示,这一次,“美联储的手脚可能会受到高通胀的束缚”,这意味着,如果经济衰退真的发生,美联储通过降息拯救股市的能力会减弱。

2008年8月,以消费者物价指数衡量的同比通胀率为5.3%,目前为7.1%。

威尔逊认为股市不会经历2008年那样的大跌,因为房地产市场和银行体系都处于较好的状态,但他仍预计标准普尔500指数将在这次衰退中跌至新低。

而且,即使避免了经济衰退,对投资者来说也未必是一件好事。

威尔逊写道:“尽管一些投资者可能会对此感到安慰,认为这是我们明年可能避免经济衰退的信号——美国经济可能出现‘软着陆’,但我们会提醒股票投资者注意这一结果,因为在我们看来,这仅仅意味着,即使企业盈利预期下调,美联储也不会放松政策。”

在整个2022年,许多股票投资者一直希望通胀会下降,让美联储暂停加息,甚至转向降息。但威尔逊认为,随着通胀消退,企业收益将受到影响,因为美国企业能够通过提高价格、将额外成本转嫁给消费者来提高利润。

他周一写道:“利率和通胀可能已经见顶,但我们认为这是盈利能力的一个警告信号,我们认为这一现实仍未得到充分重视,但不能再被忽视。”他补充称,近几个月来“盈利前景已经恶化”。(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-王芳

在熊市中,股票通常不会直线下跌。

在过去50年里,即使是在现代最严重的金融危机中,每次熊市平均也会出现6.5次短暂反弹。

不出所料,今年的情况也不例外。但一直以来,摩根士丹利(Morgan Stanley)首席投资官和美国股票策略师迈克·威尔逊(Mike Wilson)都警告投资者不要陷入这些“熊市陷阱”。

在《机构投资者》(Institutional Investor)最新调查中被评为全球顶级股票策略师的威尔逊认为,即使在标准普尔500指数今年下跌逾20%之后,股市仍将进一步下跌。他认为,投资者过于关注美联储的加息和通胀,而真正的问题是经济增长放缓和企业盈利衰退。

威尔逊在周一的一份研究报告中写道:“盈利衰退本身可能与2008/2009年的情况类似。我们的建议是,在这种结果真正发生之前,不要假设市场正在为这种结果定价。”

威尔逊认为,标准普尔500指数将在2023年第一季度从目前的约3800点跌至3000点至3300点之间。到明年年底,他预计该指数将恢复到3900点,在“熊市情况”下甚至会恢复到3500点。

但是,尽管华尔街最近预测经济末日将会来临,经济衰退持续的时间是“正常时间跨度的两倍”,甚至是“另一种形式的大萧条”,威尔逊说,经济可能会经受住利率上升和高通胀的考验,或者至少避免“资产负债表衰退”和“系统性金融风险”。

另一方面,这位策略师对投资者发出了令人不寒而栗的警告:“股票的跌幅对股市的影响将比大多数投资者预期的要严重得多。”

闪回到2008年8月?

威尔逊在周一的报告中说,投资者正在犯和2008年8月一样的错误,他们低估了企业盈利下降带来的风险。

他写道:“我们提出这个问题,是因为我们经常听到客户说,大家都知道明年的盈利过高,因此,市场已经定好价了。”他指的是乐观的盈利预期。“然而,我们记得在2008年8月听到过类似的话,当时我们的盈利模型与市场共识之间的差距也一样大。”

从这一背景来看,到2008年8月中旬,美国经济已经陷入衰退,标准普尔500指数较上年同期下跌20%,至1300点左右。许多投资者开始认为熊市最糟糕的时期已经过去,但随着企业盈利下滑,盈利触底。

到第二年3月,蓝筹股指数仅为683点。威尔逊在他的报告中制作了一张图表,比较了2008年8月至今的一些关键股市统计数据。

他在图表中指出,标准普尔500指数目前仍被投资者估值过高。在2008年8月,市盈率约为13倍,但如今已升至16.8倍。

当时,美联储也已将利率下调了3.25%,以挽救美国经济,使其摆脱后来被称为“大金融危机”的影响。

如今,它计划继续加息,并维持高利率以对抗通货膨胀。威尔逊表示,这一次,“美联储的手脚可能会受到高通胀的束缚”,这意味着,如果经济衰退真的发生,美联储通过降息拯救股市的能力会减弱。

2008年8月,以消费者物价指数衡量的同比通胀率为5.3%,目前为7.1%。

威尔逊认为股市不会经历2008年那样的大跌,因为房地产市场和银行体系都处于较好的状态,但他仍预计标准普尔500指数将在这次衰退中跌至新低。

而且,即使避免了经济衰退,对投资者来说也未必是一件好事。

威尔逊写道:“尽管一些投资者可能会对此感到安慰,认为这是我们明年可能避免经济衰退的信号——美国经济可能出现‘软着陆’,但我们会提醒股票投资者注意这一结果,因为在我们看来,这仅仅意味着,即使企业盈利预期下调,美联储也不会放松政策。”

在整个2022年,许多股票投资者一直希望通胀会下降,让美联储暂停加息,甚至转向降息。但威尔逊认为,随着通胀消退,企业收益将受到影响,因为美国企业能够通过提高价格、将额外成本转嫁给消费者来提高利润。

他周一写道:“利率和通胀可能已经见顶,但我们认为这是盈利能力的一个警告信号,我们认为这一现实仍未得到充分重视,但不能再被忽视。”他补充称,近几个月来“盈利前景已经恶化”。(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-王芳

In bear markets, stocks don’t typically fall in a straight line.

Over the past 50 years, even in the worst financial crises of the modern era, brief rallies have occurred 6.5 times on average per bear market.

Unsurprisingly, this year has been no different. But all along the way, Morgan Stanley’s chief investment officer and U.S. equity strategist Mike Wilson has warned investors not to fall into these “bear market traps.”

And even after a more than 20% drop in the S&P 500 this year, Wilson—who received the nod as the world’s top stock strategist in the latest Institutional Investor survey—believes stocks will fall even further. Investors have been too focused on the Federal Reserve’s rate hikes and inflation, he argues, when the real problem is fading economic growth and corporate earnings.

“The earnings recession by itself could be similar to what transpired in 2008/2009,” Wilson wrote in a Monday research note. “Our advice—don’t assume the market is pricing this kind of outcome until it actually happens.”

Wilson believes that the S&P 500 will sink to between 3,000 and 3,300 in the first quarter of 2023 from roughly 3,800 today. And by the end of next year, he expects the index will recover to just 3,900—or even 3,500 in a “bear case.”

But despite recent economic doomsday predictions by Wall Street for a recession that is “double the normal length” or even “another variant of a Great Depression,” Wilson said that the economy will likely weather rising interest rates and high inflation, or at a minimum avoid a “balance sheet recession” and “systemic financial risk.”

For investors, on the other hand, the strategist offered a chilling warning: “[P]rice declines for equities will be much worse than what most investors are expecting.”

A flashback to August 2008?

In his Monday note, Wilson said that investors are making the same mistake they did in August of 2008—underestimating the risk that corporate earnings will fall.

“We bring this up because we often hear from clients that everyone knows earnings are too high next year, and therefore, the market has priced it,” he wrote, referring to optimistic earnings forecasts. “However, we recall hearing similar things in August 2008 when the spread between our earnings model and the street consensus was just as wide.”

For some background, by mid-August 2008, the U.S. economy was already in a recession and the S&P 500 was down 20% on the year to around 1,300. Many investors began to think the worst of the bear market was over, but then the bottom fell out as corporate earnings sank.

By March of the following year, the blue-chip index was sitting at just 683. Wilson created a chart comparing some key stock market stats from August of 2008 to today in his note.

In it, he pointed to the fact that the S&P 500, currently, is still richly valued by investors. In August of 2008, it was trading at roughly 13 times earnings, but today it’s up to 16.8 times.

Back then, the Federal Reserve had also already slashed interest rates by 3.25% in an effort to rescue the U.S. economy from what would later be known as the Great Financial Crisis.

Today it plans to continue raising rates and keep them high to fight inflation. Wilson said that this time “the Fed’s hands may be more tied” by high inflation, meaning it is less able to rescue stocks through rate cuts if a recession does occur.

Year-over-year inflation, as measured by the consumer price index, was 5.3% in August 2008, compared to 7.1% today.

Wilson doesn’t believe stocks will experience as big a drop as they did in 2008 because the housing market and banking system are in a better place, but he still expects the S&P 500 to fall to new lows for this downturn.

And even if a recession is avoided, it may not be a good thing for investors.

“While some investors may take comfort in that fact as a signal we may avoid an economic recession next year—i.e., a ‘soft landing,’ we would caution against that outcome for equity investors because in our view it simply means there is no relief coming from the Fed even as earnings forecasts are cut,” Wilson wrote.

Throughout 2022, many equity investors have been hoping inflation would come down, allowing the Fed to pause its interest rate hikes or even pivot to rate cuts. But Wilson argues earnings will suffer as inflation fades because U.S. corporations were able to increase their profits by raising prices and passing on extra costs to consumers.

“Rates and inflation may have peaked but we see that as a warning sign for profitability, a reality we believe is still under-appreciated but can no longer be ignored,” he wrote on Monday, adding that the “earnings outlook has worsened” in recent months.

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