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构筑美国中产阶级的工作岗位正在消失,加剧了中产阶级的衰落

构筑美国中产阶级的工作岗位正在消失,加剧了中产阶级的衰落

Trey Williams 2022-11-16
随着裁员和经济衰退的到来,白领,尤其是中层管理人员,正在受到挤压。

图片来源:Getty Images

美国的中产阶级正处于进退两难的境地,一来他们在新冠疫情期间积蓄的财富正在消失,二来经济衰退即将到来,预期会出现裁员。

它带来的后果就是岌岌可危的美国梦。

在新冠疫情的低谷过后,经济出现了反弹,受此鼓舞的企业纷纷招揽人才,将有经验的中层管理人员纳入麾下。《哈佛商业评论》(Harvard Business Review)甚至写道,中层管理人员现在比以往任何时候都更重要(《财富》杂志也在11月13日从六个方面讲述了这一故事)。但一场潜伏的经济衰退目前正在威胁着白领的生计:那些高薪的管理职位——这些工作在美国社会曾经被标榜为实现中产阶级美国梦的关键——可能会被一波波地砍掉。

据《金融时报》(The Financial Times)报道,由于企业更倾向于招聘成本更可控的蓝领,白领工作岗位会消失,那么通往中产阶级的通道可能会被拦腰斩断。

软件制造商UKG的人力资源部副总裁戴夫·吉尔伯森在接受《金融时报》采访时说:“有很大一部分人将不得不推迟实现美国梦,因为他们找不到自己理想的工作。”

美国各大公司对全面衰退的担忧深植心底,同时,这也是各大公司的盈亏底线,因此,裁员已经全面展开。蓝领工人通常是在经济低迷时期最先失业的人,但在新冠疫情期间,情况却相反,蓝领工人,例如服务、零售和建筑行业的工人,仍然供不应求。在2020年之前,蓝领劳动力市场已经很紧张了,就像许多事情一样,新冠疫情只会加剧这一紧张局面。

另一方面,白领们的前路艰难。几个月来,专家们一直预测,这一次白领工作岗位将首当其冲。对冲基金Scion Asset Management的负责人迈克尔·伯里在今年6月特斯拉(Tesla)宣布将裁减10%的白领员工,以增加蓝领工作岗位后表示,在新冠疫情期间,办公室工作人员确为冗员而被裁减。

事实证明,在某些行业,他的这一观点一针见血——科技行业的大规模裁员再明显不过了。Facebook的母公司Meta于11月9日宣布,将裁员约13%,首席执行官马克·扎克伯格承认,他对新冠疫情后的最初繁荣判读失误。埃隆·马斯克在上周接管社交媒体平台推特(Twitter)后,解雇了数千名员工。

沃尔玛(Warmart)和Gap等零售商,以及住房龙头企业Compass、Redfin和Zillow等公司也出现了裁员。

此外,据毕马威会计师事务所(KPMG)最近的一份报告,近一半的美国首席执行官正在考虑在未来六个月内裁员。

除了持续的通货膨胀之外,最近的裁员潮——主要是重新思考白领与蓝领工作岗位存在的合理性——可能成为中产阶级的拐点,这个阶级在新冠疫情爆发之前很久就在萎缩,目前岌岌可危。(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-王芳

美国的中产阶级正处于进退两难的境地,一来他们在新冠疫情期间积蓄的财富正在消失,二来经济衰退即将到来,预期会出现裁员。

它带来的后果就是岌岌可危的美国梦。

在新冠疫情的低谷过后,经济出现了反弹,受此鼓舞的企业纷纷招揽人才,将有经验的中层管理人员纳入麾下。《哈佛商业评论》(Harvard Business Review)甚至写道,中层管理人员现在比以往任何时候都更重要(《财富》杂志也在11月13日从六个方面讲述了这一故事)。但一场潜伏的经济衰退目前正在威胁着白领的生计:那些高薪的管理职位——这些工作在美国社会曾经被标榜为实现中产阶级美国梦的关键——可能会被一波波地砍掉。

据《金融时报》(The Financial Times)报道,由于企业更倾向于招聘成本更可控的蓝领,白领工作岗位会消失,那么通往中产阶级的通道可能会被拦腰斩断。

软件制造商UKG的人力资源部副总裁戴夫·吉尔伯森在接受《金融时报》采访时说:“有很大一部分人将不得不推迟实现美国梦,因为他们找不到自己理想的工作。”

美国各大公司对全面衰退的担忧深植心底,同时,这也是各大公司的盈亏底线,因此,裁员已经全面展开。蓝领工人通常是在经济低迷时期最先失业的人,但在新冠疫情期间,情况却相反,蓝领工人,例如服务、零售和建筑行业的工人,仍然供不应求。在2020年之前,蓝领劳动力市场已经很紧张了,就像许多事情一样,新冠疫情只会加剧这一紧张局面。

另一方面,白领们的前路艰难。几个月来,专家们一直预测,这一次白领工作岗位将首当其冲。对冲基金Scion Asset Management的负责人迈克尔·伯里在今年6月特斯拉(Tesla)宣布将裁减10%的白领员工,以增加蓝领工作岗位后表示,在新冠疫情期间,办公室工作人员确为冗员而被裁减。

事实证明,在某些行业,他的这一观点一针见血——科技行业的大规模裁员再明显不过了。Facebook的母公司Meta于11月9日宣布,将裁员约13%,首席执行官马克·扎克伯格承认,他对新冠疫情后的最初繁荣判读失误。埃隆·马斯克在上周接管社交媒体平台推特(Twitter)后,解雇了数千名员工。

沃尔玛(Warmart)和Gap等零售商,以及住房龙头企业Compass、Redfin和Zillow等公司也出现了裁员。

此外,据毕马威会计师事务所(KPMG)最近的一份报告,近一半的美国首席执行官正在考虑在未来六个月内裁员。

除了持续的通货膨胀之外,最近的裁员潮——主要是重新思考白领与蓝领工作岗位存在的合理性——可能成为中产阶级的拐点,这个阶级在新冠疫情爆发之前很久就在萎缩,目前岌岌可危。(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-王芳

America’s middle class is in a tight spot, squeezed between the disappearing wealth Americans squirreled away during the pandemic and projected layoffs at the hands of a looming recession.

At stake: the American Dream.

Companies, emboldened by an economic rebound after the nadir of the pandemic, rushed to acquire talent and fill their ranks with skilled middle managers. The Harvard Business Review even wrote that middle managers are more important now than ever (Fortune wrote that story six ways to November 13 as well). But a lurking recession is now threatening the livelihoods of white-collar workers: Those higher-salaried management roles—the jobs once heralded in American society as the key to obtaining the middle-class American Dream—may be axed in waves.

As these jobs vanish in favor of blue-collar workers at more manageable costs, that pipeline to the middle class could be chopped at the knees, reports The Financial Times.

“There’s a significant portion of the population who will have to delay the American Dream because they can’t find the role that they want,” Dave Gilbertson, a vice president at HR software maker UKG, told the publication.

With continued fears of a full-blown recession in the hearts and minds—and on the bottom lines—of American companies, layoffs have been in full swing. Blue-collar workers are typically first to be out of a job in an economic downturn, but the pandemic created a contrasting wrinkle where those workers, such as those in the service, retail, and construction industries, remain a sought-after commodity. There was already a drought in the blue-collar labor force before 2020 that, like so many things, the pandemic only intensified.

White-collar workers, on the other hand, have a rough road ahead. Experts have projected for months that white-collar jobs will be first to be put to the sword this time around. Michael Burry, who runs hedge fund Scion Asset Management, said on the heels of Tesla announcing a 10% reduction in white-collar staff in favor of more blue-collar jobs back in June that office workers had proven themselves redundant during the pandemic.

He’s been proven right in some industries—look no further than the mass layoffs in tech. Facebook parent company Meta announced on November 9 it was laying off roughly 13% of its workforce, with CEO Mark Zuckerberg admitting he miscalculated the initial boom post-pandemic. Elon Musk laid off thousands of workers at Twitter after taking over the social media platform last week.

Corporate layoffs, too, have come for the likes of retailers like Walmart and Gap, as well as housing leaders Compass, Redfin, and Zillow.

On top of that, nearly half of U.S. chief executives are considering downsizing their workforce over the next six months, according to a recent report from accounting firm KPMG.

The recent spate of layoffs—and primarily a reconsideration of the validity of white-collar vs. blue-collar workers—on top of continued inflation could serve as an inflection point for a middle class that was shrinking long before the pandemic and is now hanging on by a thread.

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