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电动汽车存在充电接入问题,这些公司正在努力解决

电动汽车存在充电接入问题,这些公司正在努力解决

ABIGAIL BASSETT 2022-10-23
尽管电动汽车在汽车、电力和充电行业拥有大量支持者,但充电公平性或公平而平等的充电机会问题却迫在眉睫。

 
图片来源:COURTESY OF GM

电动汽车革命正在如火如荼地进行中,加州在2035年前禁止销售新的汽油车,汽车制造商也在增加电动汽车产品线。尽管电动汽车在汽车、电力和充电行业拥有大量支持者,但充电公平性或公平而平等的充电机会问题却迫在眉睫。

目前,电动汽车市场以豪华车为主,特斯拉控制着美国四分之三的市场份额。这些汽车的价格仍然远远超出许多美国人的承受能力。根据美国人口普查的数据,2021年家庭收入中位数为70784美元,这是可获得的最新数据。根据凯利蓝皮书(KBB)的数据,2022年7月,电动汽车的平均价格超过6.6万美元。

然而,随着电动汽车市场的扩大,公平性将成为一个日益严重的问题。在今年早些时候的一份关于汽车行业的报告中,Morning Consult发现,在年收入低于5万美元的车主中,83%的人无法在家里接入电动汽车专用充电设施。在同一研究中,该收入阶层中39%的人表示有兴趣购买电动汽车。即使是现在,租房住的电动汽车车主有时也必须大费周章——包括在公寓窗外铺设电线延长线——来给汽车充电。

在拜登总统今年2月签署的法案中,美国政府拟将超过75亿美元用于投资充电基础设施建设。这些投资中的大部分是用于在主要高速公路沿线安装充电桩,这并不能解决公平问题。

对于一些公司来说,随着电动汽车充电基础设施的建设,公平问题是最重要的。戴安·马丁内斯(Dianne Martinez)是北加州公共电力机构东湾社区能源公司(East Bay Community Energy)的主席。东湾社区能源公司利用纳税人的购买力,为客户采购清洁能源,正在开展在市政地段安装快速充电设施的项目,而不仅仅是在高速公路走廊沿线。

马丁内斯说:“当你从公平性的角度来看电动汽车充电基础设施时,你必须考虑到社区是如何受到化石燃料行业的负面影响的。大片城市社区遭到污染,居民健康受到威胁,这些污染来自高速公路、港口和货物运输、靠近钻井和燃气发电厂。我们不只是寻求为那些已经拥有更多财富的人提供同样的充电机会,我们想要找到一种衡量标准,把那些传统上在绿色革命中最不受重视的人也包括在内,并给予他们支持。如果我们甚至把他们放在第一位呢?”

这对租房者来说是个挑战

加州威尼斯的电动汽车车主杰森·莫特(Jason Mott)和波士顿的娜塔莎·法弗里(Natacha Favry)租房住,他们费尽周折才能给自己的汽车充上电。莫特和法弗里的公寓或公寓楼里都没有充电设施,所以他们使用公共充电站,偶尔也使用挂在公寓窗户上的电源线。用标准电源线给电动汽车充满电可能需要长达一周的时间。

莫特指出:“很多人没有停车位。你会看到人们拿着延长线从人行道[跑]到一棵树边上,这样当他们碰巧抢到家门口的那个位置时,他们就能给汽车插上电源。当你走在人行道上时,你会看到人们放下那些小橡胶电线保护器,这是因为人们的电线连接着汽车。”

作为长期电动汽车车主和环保主义者,莫特说他已经学会了在夜间充电时把延长线锁在他的新车Rivian R1T上,因为他用来充电的耐用延长线经常被偷。此前,莫特拥有一辆菲亚特500e和一辆雪佛兰Bolt。

法弗里拥有一辆电动汽车,并在海外和波士顿郊区租了公寓。今年1月,她和家人搬到波士顿工作。她说,她在故乡法国的充电经历比在美国更令人伤脑筋。她开的是特斯拉Model 3,在当地一家购物中心使用附近的特斯拉专用增压器来充电。她说,她曾要求所在大楼的业主安装一个充电器,但她的要求被拒绝了。

法弗里说:“车库里没有插头。业主告诉我们,这是不允许的。”地方和州政府有激励措施来帮助业主在多户住宅中安装充电器,但它们无法覆盖升级建筑电力或电线的成本——业主也没有利润激励来让投资物有所值。

根据美国人口普查的数据,出租屋约占美国住房单元的三分之一。根据城市研究所(Urban Institute)2020年的一份报告,出租屋通常位于人口密集的城市地区,大多数建于20世纪70年代和80年代。对它们进行升级以解决电动车汽车的充电问题,代价高昂。

东湾社区能源公司的马丁内斯说:“现实情况是,我们地区90%的多户住宅都有50年或以上的历史,而我们地区47%的社区居民都住在这种多户住宅中。很难激励业主进行必要的升级,以支持租户购买电动汽车。”

企业解决充电公平问题

对消费者来说,好消息是一些初创公司、公用事业单位和汽车制造商正在努力解决充电公平问题。

约瑟夫·韦隆(Joseph Vellone)是ev.energy公司北美业务负责人。ev.energy公司是一家总部位于伦敦的共益企业,其软件平台连接公用事业单位、汽车制造商、电动汽车充电器和司机,以简化充电流程,使其更经济、更可持续。大约80%的电动汽车是在家里充电的,韦隆认为这就是充电公平必须从增加多户住宅的充电接入开始的原因。

他表示:“家庭充电接入在很大程度上是一个收入水平问题,很快就会成为一个社会公平问题。”

为了解决这个问题,ev.energy公司最近推出了一款首创的智能充电线和应用程序,允许多户住宅单元的住户管理自己的个人用电,而且在非高峰时段充电可以获得积分或奖励。这种电线被称为Smartenit,可以让没有专用家庭充电的电动汽车司机优化使用和接入,同时节省家庭充电费用。

总部位于加州的充电站公司ChargePoint也在考虑如何让业主拥抱电动汽车革命。该公司主要在商店和办公室运营充电站,在多户住宅单元也有一些充电站。首席执行官帕斯夸里·罗曼诺(Pasquale Romano)表示,业主应该像看待有线电视或互联网一样看待电动汽车充电,将其视为现代生活的必需品。

他说“业主并没有在有线电视或互联网上赚到钱,电动汽车充电将会像Wi-Fi一样。接入是必须的。”

就连已经在电动汽车和电气化领域大举投资的通用汽车(General Motors)这样的大公司,也在努力解决充电公平问题。该公司刚刚宣布成立了一个名为通用汽车能源(GM Energy)的新业务部门,该部门将提供从商业电池和能源管理解决方案到个人家庭和多户住宅单元解决方案的一切服务。通过为多户住宅单元提供电池存储,业主可以安装电动汽车充电器。

这些解决方案将基于通用的Ultium电池技术,并利用综合能源管理,包括双向充电、车到家和车到电网解决方案,以及固定存储、太阳能产品、软件应用、云管理工具、微电网解决方案、氢燃料电池等。

通用汽车电动汽车增长业务副总裁特拉维斯•赫斯特(Travis Hester)表示:“要建设更多公共充电基础设施,而且要加快建设速度,无论是在高速公路基础设施上,还是在多户住宅和人口密度高的生活设施上。我们正在进入电动汽车即将实现规模化的时代。还没有到那一步,但马上就要到了。我们认为,这是电动汽车生态系统不可或缺的一部分,但它也是非汽车生态系统的一部分。”

在公用事业和市政方面,东湾社区能源公司正专注于与州和地方当局合作,租赁市政停车场,并在最需要充电器的地方安装充电器,马丁内斯说。马丁内斯说:“我们发现,在多户住宅高度密集的社区,支持直流快速充电器性价比最高。”她希望东湾社区能源公司的努力能为其他城市擘画发展蓝图。

“低收入和弱势群体并不是电动汽车的第一波用户。他们的心思都放在维持家庭生活和上班上。”马丁内斯说。“现在是时候关注第二波正在考虑购买下一辆小型汽车的人了。”(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-王芳

电动汽车革命正在如火如荼地进行中,加州在2035年前禁止销售新的汽油车,汽车制造商也在增加电动汽车产品线。尽管电动汽车在汽车、电力和充电行业拥有大量支持者,但充电公平性或公平而平等的充电机会问题却迫在眉睫。

目前,电动汽车市场以豪华车为主,特斯拉控制着美国四分之三的市场份额。这些汽车的价格仍然远远超出许多美国人的承受能力。根据美国人口普查的数据,2021年家庭收入中位数为70784美元,这是可获得的最新数据。根据凯利蓝皮书(KBB)的数据,2022年7月,电动汽车的平均价格超过6.6万美元。

然而,随着电动汽车市场的扩大,公平性将成为一个日益严重的问题。在今年早些时候的一份关于汽车行业的报告中,Morning Consult发现,在年收入低于5万美元的车主中,83%的人无法在家里接入电动汽车专用充电设施。在同一研究中,该收入阶层中39%的人表示有兴趣购买电动汽车。即使是现在,租房住的电动汽车车主有时也必须大费周章——包括在公寓窗外铺设电线延长线——来给汽车充电。

在拜登总统今年2月签署的法案中,美国政府拟将超过75亿美元用于投资充电基础设施建设。这些投资中的大部分是用于在主要高速公路沿线安装充电桩,这并不能解决公平问题。

对于一些公司来说,随着电动汽车充电基础设施的建设,公平问题是最重要的。戴安·马丁内斯(Dianne Martinez)是北加州公共电力机构东湾社区能源公司(East Bay Community Energy)的主席。东湾社区能源公司利用纳税人的购买力,为客户采购清洁能源,正在开展在市政地段安装快速充电设施的项目,而不仅仅是在高速公路走廊沿线。

马丁内斯说:“当你从公平性的角度来看电动汽车充电基础设施时,你必须考虑到社区是如何受到化石燃料行业的负面影响的。大片城市社区遭到污染,居民健康受到威胁,这些污染来自高速公路、港口和货物运输、靠近钻井和燃气发电厂。我们不只是寻求为那些已经拥有更多财富的人提供同样的充电机会,我们想要找到一种衡量标准,把那些传统上在绿色革命中最不受重视的人也包括在内,并给予他们支持。如果我们甚至把他们放在第一位呢?”

这对租房者来说是个挑战

加州威尼斯的电动汽车车主杰森·莫特(Jason Mott)和波士顿的娜塔莎·法弗里(Natacha Favry)租房住,他们费尽周折才能给自己的汽车充上电。莫特和法弗里的公寓或公寓楼里都没有充电设施,所以他们使用公共充电站,偶尔也使用挂在公寓窗户上的电源线。用标准电源线给电动汽车充满电可能需要长达一周的时间。

莫特指出:“很多人没有停车位。你会看到人们拿着延长线从人行道[跑]到一棵树边上,这样当他们碰巧抢到家门口的那个位置时,他们就能给汽车插上电源。当你走在人行道上时,你会看到人们放下那些小橡胶电线保护器,这是因为人们的电线连接着汽车。”

作为长期电动汽车车主和环保主义者,莫特说他已经学会了在夜间充电时把延长线锁在他的新车Rivian R1T上,因为他用来充电的耐用延长线经常被偷。此前,莫特拥有一辆菲亚特500e和一辆雪佛兰Bolt。

法弗里拥有一辆电动汽车,并在海外和波士顿郊区租了公寓。今年1月,她和家人搬到波士顿工作。她说,她在故乡法国的充电经历比在美国更令人伤脑筋。她开的是特斯拉Model 3,在当地一家购物中心使用附近的特斯拉专用增压器来充电。她说,她曾要求所在大楼的业主安装一个充电器,但她的要求被拒绝了。

法弗里说:“车库里没有插头。业主告诉我们,这是不允许的。”地方和州政府有激励措施来帮助业主在多户住宅中安装充电器,但它们无法覆盖升级建筑电力或电线的成本——业主也没有利润激励来让投资物有所值。

根据美国人口普查的数据,出租屋约占美国住房单元的三分之一。根据城市研究所(Urban Institute)2020年的一份报告,出租屋通常位于人口密集的城市地区,大多数建于20世纪70年代和80年代。对它们进行升级以解决电动车汽车的充电问题,代价高昂。

东湾社区能源公司的马丁内斯说:“现实情况是,我们地区90%的多户住宅都有50年或以上的历史,而我们地区47%的社区居民都住在这种多户住宅中。很难激励业主进行必要的升级,以支持租户购买电动汽车。”

企业解决充电公平问题

对消费者来说,好消息是一些初创公司、公用事业单位和汽车制造商正在努力解决充电公平问题。

约瑟夫·韦隆(Joseph Vellone)是ev.energy公司北美业务负责人。ev.energy公司是一家总部位于伦敦的共益企业,其软件平台连接公用事业单位、汽车制造商、电动汽车充电器和司机,以简化充电流程,使其更经济、更可持续。大约80%的电动汽车是在家里充电的,韦隆认为这就是充电公平必须从增加多户住宅的充电接入开始的原因。

他表示:“家庭充电接入在很大程度上是一个收入水平问题,很快就会成为一个社会公平问题。”

为了解决这个问题,ev.energy公司最近推出了一款首创的智能充电线和应用程序,允许多户住宅单元的住户管理自己的个人用电,而且在非高峰时段充电可以获得积分或奖励。这种电线被称为Smartenit,可以让没有专用家庭充电的电动汽车司机优化使用和接入,同时节省家庭充电费用。

总部位于加州的充电站公司ChargePoint也在考虑如何让业主拥抱电动汽车革命。该公司主要在商店和办公室运营充电站,在多户住宅单元也有一些充电站。首席执行官帕斯夸里·罗曼诺(Pasquale Romano)表示,业主应该像看待有线电视或互联网一样看待电动汽车充电,将其视为现代生活的必需品。

他说“业主并没有在有线电视或互联网上赚到钱,电动汽车充电将会像Wi-Fi一样。接入是必须的。”

就连已经在电动汽车和电气化领域大举投资的通用汽车(General Motors)这样的大公司,也在努力解决充电公平问题。该公司刚刚宣布成立了一个名为通用汽车能源(GM Energy)的新业务部门,该部门将提供从商业电池和能源管理解决方案到个人家庭和多户住宅单元解决方案的一切服务。通过为多户住宅单元提供电池存储,业主可以安装电动汽车充电器。

这些解决方案将基于通用的Ultium电池技术,并利用综合能源管理,包括双向充电、车到家和车到电网解决方案,以及固定存储、太阳能产品、软件应用、云管理工具、微电网解决方案、氢燃料电池等。

通用汽车电动汽车增长业务副总裁特拉维斯•赫斯特(Travis Hester)表示:“要建设更多公共充电基础设施,而且要加快建设速度,无论是在高速公路基础设施上,还是在多户住宅和人口密度高的生活设施上。我们正在进入电动汽车即将实现规模化的时代。还没有到那一步,但马上就要到了。我们认为,这是电动汽车生态系统不可或缺的一部分,但它也是非汽车生态系统的一部分。”

在公用事业和市政方面,东湾社区能源公司正专注于与州和地方当局合作,租赁市政停车场,并在最需要充电器的地方安装充电器,马丁内斯说。马丁内斯说:“我们发现,在多户住宅高度密集的社区,支持直流快速充电器性价比最高。”她希望东湾社区能源公司的努力能为其他城市擘画发展蓝图。

“低收入和弱势群体并不是电动汽车的第一波用户。他们的心思都放在维持家庭生活和上班上。”马丁内斯说。“现在是时候关注第二波正在考虑购买下一辆小型汽车的人了。”(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-王芳

The electric vehicle revolution is well underway, with California banning the sale of new gas cars by 2035 and automakers increasing their lineup of EV offerings. While electric has plenty of supporters in the automotive, power, and charging industries, the issue of charging equity, or fair and equal access to charging, looms large.

Currently, the EV market is dominated by luxury cars, with Tesla controlling three-fourths of the U.S. market. The cost of these cars is still well beyond the reach of many Americans. According to the U.S. Census, median household income was $70,784 in 2021, the most recent year for which data is available. The average price for an electric vehicle in July of 2022, was over $66,000, according to Kelley Blue Book (KBB).

As the EV market expands, however, equity will become a growing problem. In a report on the auto industry earlier this year, Morning Consult found that 83% of vehicle owners who make under $50,000 per year don’t have dedicated access to EV charging at home. In the same study, 39% of people in that income bracket expressed interest in buying an electric vehicle. Even now, EV owners who live in rentals must sometimes go to great lengths—including running electric cord extensions out their apartment windows—to get their cars charged.

The U.S. government has earmarked more than $7.5 billion to invest in charging infrastructure in the bill that President Joe Biden signed into law in February. Most of this investment is earmarked to put chargers along major highway locations, which won’t address the equity issue.

For some companies, equity is front and center as EV charging infrastructure is built out. Dianne Martinez is chair of East Bay Community Energy, a public electric power agency in Northern California. The EBCE uses the buying power of ratepayers to procure clean energy for customers, and it’s working on a project to install fast charging in municipal lots—not just along highway corridors.

“When you look at EV charging infrastructure delivered through an equity lens, you have to consider how a community has been impacted negatively by the fossil fuel industry,” Martinez says. “Huge swaths of urban neighborhoods that suffer the ill health effects of pollution, from freeways, from ports and goods movement, from proximity to drilling and gas-powered plants. Instead of just looking to provide the same charging opportunities that we have to folks who already have more wealth, what if we found a metric that included and supported those who have been traditionally the last ones considered in the green revolution? What if we even put them first?”

A challenge for renters

EV owners Jason Mott of Venice, Calif., and Natacha Favry of Boston have gone to great lengths to charge their cars while living in rentals. Neither Mott nor Favry have charging access in their apartment or condo buildings, so they use a combination of public charging stations and, occasionally, power cords strung out of apartment windows. Charging an EV fully using a standard power cord can take as long as a week.

“There’s a lot of folks who don’t have parking,” Mott notes. “And you will see people with extension cords [running] over the sidewalk to a tree, so that when they can happen to grab that spot in front of their place, they can plug in their car. You see people putting down those little rubber cord protectors as you’re walking down the sidewalk, because people have their cord running out to their car.”

A longtime EV owner and environmentalist, Mott says he’s learned to lock his extension cord to his current vehicle, a new Rivian R1T, when he’s charging overnight since the heavy-duty extension cords he uses to charge regularly get stolen. Previously, Mott owned a Fiat 500e, and a Chevrolet Bolt.

Favry has owned an EV and rented flats both overseas and on the outskirts of Boston, where she and her family moved in January for work. She says that her charging experience in her native home of France was far more nerve-racking than it is in the U.S. She drives a Tesla Model 3 and uses a nearby proprietary Tesla supercharger at a local mall to keep her vehicle running. She says she’s asked the landlord of her building to install a charger, but her request was denied.

“There’s no plug in the garage,” Favry says. “And we were told by the owner that it’s not allowed.” Local and state incentives exist to help landlords install chargers in multifamily dwellings, but they don’t cover the costs of upgrading building power or wiring—and landlords don’t have a profit incentive to make the investment worthwhile.

Rentals comprise about one-third of American housing units, according to the U.S. Census. They are typically located in dense urban areas, and a majority were built in the 1970s and 1980s, according to a report from 2020 by the Urban Institute. Upgrading them to handle the charge required to power EVs is a costly endeavor.

“The reality is that 90% of the multifamily housing in our territory is 50 years or older, and 47% of our community here in our territory live in that multifamily housing,” says Martinez of EBCE. “It’s very hard to incentivize landlords to make the necessary upgrades to support their tenants in buying EVs.”

Businesses tackle charging equity

The good news for consumers is that a number of startups, utilities, and auto manufacturers are working to solve the charging equity problem.

Joseph Vellone is head of North America operations for ev.energy, a London-based certified B Corporation whose software platform connects utilities, automakers, EV chargers, and drivers to streamline charging and make it more affordable and sustainable. About 80% of EV charging happens at home, which Vellone cites as a reason why charging equity must begin with increasing access at multifamily dwellings.

“Home charging access is very much a question of income level, and very quickly becomes a social equity issue,” he says.

To solve this, ev.energy recently launched a first-of-its-kind smart charging cable and app, which allows multifamily unit occupants to manage their own individual power usage and get credits or incentives for charging in off-peak hours. The cord, called Smartenit, enables EV drivers without dedicated home charging to optimize their usage and access, as well as save money on home charging.

California-based charging-station company ChargePoint is also thinking about how to get landlords to embrace the EV revolution. The company primarily operates charging stations at stores and offices, with some stations in multifamily units. CEO Pasquale Romano says landlords should think of EV charging the same way they do cable or internet—as a must-have for modern living.

“The landlord doesn’t really make any money on cable TV or internet,” he says. “EV charging is going to be like Wi-Fi. Access is going to be required.”

Even large companies like General Motors, which is already heavily invested in the EV and electrification space, are working to tackle the charging equity question. The company has just announced a new business unit called GM Energy, which will offer everything from commercial battery and energy management solutions to individual home and multiunit solutions. By getting battery storage to multifamily units, landlords can then install EV chargers.

These solutions will be built on GM’s Ultium battery technology and utilize integrated energy management that will include bidirectional charging, vehicle-to-home and vehicle-to-grid solutions, as well as stationary storage, solar products, software applications, cloud management tools, microgrid solutions, hydrogen fuel cells, and more.

“The public charging infrastructure needs to grow, and grow rapidly, both on freeway infrastructure as well as multiunit dwellings and high-density living,” says Travis Hester, vice president of EV growth operations at GM. “We’re walking into this area where EVs are about to scale. They’re not there yet, but they’re about to, and this, we think, is an integral part of the electric vehicle ecosystem, but it’s also part of a non-vehicle ecosystem.”

On the utility and municipal side, the EBCE is focusing on working with state and local authorities to lease municipal parking lots and install chargers where, Martinez says, they are needed the most. “What we find to be the greatest bang for our buck is supporting DC [direct current] fast chargers in communities where there’s a high degree of multifamily housing,” Martinez says. She hopes that the EBCE’s efforts will help serve as a blueprint for other cities.

“Low-income and disadvantaged communities [are] not the first-wave adopters of electric vehicles. They have their minds set on keeping their households together, getting to work,” Martinez says. “It’s time to focus on that second wave of people who are thinking about their next small-car purchase.”

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