立即打开
闪回2007年:炒房客再次陷入困境

闪回2007年:炒房客再次陷入困境

WILL DANIEL 2022-10-13
一些炒房客可能会蒙受巨大损失。

图片来源:YUTTHANA GAETGEAW—GETTY IMAGES

2007年8月,马蒂·博德曼(Marty Boardman)坐在家里的办公室,突然意识到自己的生活将从此不同。

作为一名初出茅庐的房地产投资者和炒房客,博德曼利用了美国的房地产泡沫,他先前从事电视摄影师工作,转行后,建立了一个小型房地产“帝国”。

但在2006年初房价见顶后,房地产市场对投资者变得越来越不友好。最终,房地产泡沫破裂,像博德曼这样的炒房客陷入困境,并引发了一场全球金融危机。

“我永远不会忘记当时的情况。音乐停了,而我却没有抢到椅子(音乐椅游戏——译注)。”他告诉《财富》杂志。

从那以后,博德曼重建业务,实现了地域多元化,并开始向其他炒房客提供如何利用止赎权来实现盈利的建议。

但现在,他和其他经验丰富的炒房客和房地产分析师警告称,随着抵押贷款利率飙升,以及房地产市场进入美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔(Jerome Powell)所说的“艰难修正”时期,新一代炒房客可能会陷入困境。经济学家和分析师今年也多次下调对房价的预期。例如,穆迪分析公司(Moody 's Analytics)目前预计全美房价峰谷跌幅将达到10%。

炒房的经济学原理很简单:当炒房客转手时房价高于他们购买和改造房屋的综合成本,他们就能获利。虽然炒房客通过改造房屋增加了经济价值,但在房价飙升期间,房屋升值往往是他们最大的利润来源。相反,如果房价开始下跌,炒房客很容易由于“炒房”而陷入赤字。简而言之:很容易看出为什么房地产市场的变化对炒房客来说不是好兆头。

布鲁斯·巴特利特(Bruce Bartlett)是一名拥有20多年经验的资深房地产投资者和炒房客。他担心,即将到来的房价修正将“淘汰”过去几年随着家园频道(HGTV)炒房节目兴起而进入市场的缺乏经验的炒房团。

“并非事事如意。如果你没有经验,这将是非常困难的。过去15年,我们一直处于低利率环境中,对所有人来说,再权衡将是一项挑战。这将会淘汰炒房团。更多的炒房客将会离开这个行业。”

炒房客正在回撤

随着抵押贷款利率和劳动力成本的上升,转手房屋的成本越来越高。再加上房价下跌和低库存,即使对最有经验的炒房客来说,这也是不利局面。

因此,业内许多经验丰富的参与者正变得越来越保守。

“对于炒房客来说,我认为我们都在谨慎行事。我们现在发现一些市场的房价在下跌。因此,我们正在把价格进一步修正的可能性纳入我们的模型。”巴特利特说,他指出,最近几个月,预测房屋修缮后的潜在销售价格已成为一项挑战。

巴特利特举了一个例子,他打算在比弗利山庄转手一套较大的房子。价值较高的房屋通常需要更多的时间来整修和出售,所以巴特利特试图预测三年后该地区的房价。

巴特利特说:“我们非常清楚,我们无法确定估值。所以我们最好给自己留出很大的回旋余地。”

在疫情时期的房地产热潮开始后不久,业余和职业炒房客都涌入了市场。他们在炒房的同时积累创纪录的升值空间,这种机会实在是太好了,不容错过。事实上,疫情期间炒房飙升至自房地产热潮以来从未见过的水平。

虽然这需要时间才能在数据中体现出来(见上图),但这股炒房热潮已经开始消退。

全美最大的银行自有住宅和止赎房产销售商Auction.com的市场经济副总裁达伦·布洛姆奎斯特(Daren Blomquist)告诉《财富》杂志,在过去六个月时间里,在他的平台上(60%的买家是炒房客),买家行为发生了巨大变化,他已经发现炒房客的做法更趋保守。

布洛姆奎斯特说:“我们明确看到我们的竞标者更加保守。”

前景堪忧——一些炒房客可能会蒙受巨大损失

需要明确的是,《财富》杂志采访的大多数炒房客和分析师都认为,目前的炒房客市场远没有2007年那么糟糕。尽管如此,他们相信前方波涛汹涌。

Auction.com的布洛姆奎斯特表示,在过去几年里,他发现在他的平台上,小型房屋炒房客在增加,如果炒房客在目前充满挑战的市场上继续 "过度投机",肯定会产生“后果”。

他说:“这是一种潜在的空手接飞刀的环境,他们将在未来三到六个月内进行转售。”

在哪些市场,炒房客最有可能蒙受巨大损失?新兴城市市场。

就像2007年一样,在房地产热潮时期,房地产价格飙升最快的地方,炒房客回撤速度也最快。不妨看看凤凰城。根据地产通讯“科隆福特报告”(The Cromford Report)向美国全国广播公司(NBC)凤凰城当地新闻分支机构提供的数据,自3月份以来,凤凰城的房屋转手量已经下降了60%。原因很简单:面对快速变化的凤凰城房地产市场,许多凤凰城炒房客暂缓购买新房。

HousingWire的首席分析师洛根·莫赫塔沙米(Logan Mohtashami)说,“最火爆的地方是最不适合炒房的地方。博伊西、凤凰城等地区属于一级红色警报区,对炒房客来说是非常危险的,因为这些地区实际上有供应,而在美国其他地区我们没有发现这种情况。”

交易减少

一方面,业内人士预计在2022年或2023年,炒房客不会陷入2008年那样的供应过剩或止赎危机,这是积极的一面。另一方面,这意味着不断变化的房地产市场不太可能带来上次房地产低迷时期的炒房交易潮。

2008年的困厄销售不仅创造了房屋修缮机会,而且在房地产市场低迷时期,炒房竞争也减少了。业余人士离开了,而那些能够以极低的折扣买房的专业人士则大展拳脚。

莫赫塔沙米说:“现在的环境比2005年、2006年、2007年和2008年信贷中断时问题要严重得多,当时经济陷入衰退,失业率飙升。因为在接下来的几年时间里,有大量不良资产进入金融体系。所以那就像是炒房客的黄金时期。但如今(2022年和2023年),情况大不相同。”(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-王芳

2007年8月,马蒂·博德曼(Marty Boardman)坐在家里的办公室,突然意识到自己的生活将从此不同。

作为一名初出茅庐的房地产投资者和炒房客,博德曼利用了美国的房地产泡沫,他先前从事电视摄影师工作,转行后,建立了一个小型房地产“帝国”。

但在2006年初房价见顶后,房地产市场对投资者变得越来越不友好。最终,房地产泡沫破裂,像博德曼这样的炒房客陷入困境,并引发了一场全球金融危机。

“我永远不会忘记当时的情况。音乐停了,而我却没有抢到椅子(音乐椅游戏——译注)。”他告诉《财富》杂志。

从那以后,博德曼重建业务,实现了地域多元化,并开始向其他炒房客提供如何利用止赎权来实现盈利的建议。

但现在,他和其他经验丰富的炒房客和房地产分析师警告称,随着抵押贷款利率飙升,以及房地产市场进入美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔(Jerome Powell)所说的“艰难修正”时期,新一代炒房客可能会陷入困境。经济学家和分析师今年也多次下调对房价的预期。例如,穆迪分析公司(Moody 's Analytics)目前预计全美房价峰谷跌幅将达到10%。

炒房的经济学原理很简单:当炒房客转手时房价高于他们购买和改造房屋的综合成本,他们就能获利。虽然炒房客通过改造房屋增加了经济价值,但在房价飙升期间,房屋升值往往是他们最大的利润来源。相反,如果房价开始下跌,炒房客很容易由于“炒房”而陷入赤字。简而言之:很容易看出为什么房地产市场的变化对炒房客来说不是好兆头。

布鲁斯·巴特利特(Bruce Bartlett)是一名拥有20多年经验的资深房地产投资者和炒房客。他担心,即将到来的房价修正将“淘汰”过去几年随着家园频道(HGTV)炒房节目兴起而进入市场的缺乏经验的炒房团。

“并非事事如意。如果你没有经验,这将是非常困难的。过去15年,我们一直处于低利率环境中,对所有人来说,再权衡将是一项挑战。这将会淘汰炒房团。更多的炒房客将会离开这个行业。”

炒房客正在回撤

随着抵押贷款利率和劳动力成本的上升,转手房屋的成本越来越高。再加上房价下跌和低库存,即使对最有经验的炒房客来说,这也是不利局面。

因此,业内许多经验丰富的参与者正变得越来越保守。

“对于炒房客来说,我认为我们都在谨慎行事。我们现在发现一些市场的房价在下跌。因此,我们正在把价格进一步修正的可能性纳入我们的模型。”巴特利特说,他指出,最近几个月,预测房屋修缮后的潜在销售价格已成为一项挑战。

巴特利特举了一个例子,他打算在比弗利山庄转手一套较大的房子。价值较高的房屋通常需要更多的时间来整修和出售,所以巴特利特试图预测三年后该地区的房价。

巴特利特说:“我们非常清楚,我们无法确定估值。所以我们最好给自己留出很大的回旋余地。”

在疫情时期的房地产热潮开始后不久,业余和职业炒房客都涌入了市场。他们在炒房的同时积累创纪录的升值空间,这种机会实在是太好了,不容错过。事实上,疫情期间炒房飙升至自房地产热潮以来从未见过的水平。

虽然这需要时间才能在数据中体现出来(见上图),但这股炒房热潮已经开始消退。

全美最大的银行自有住宅和止赎房产销售商Auction.com的市场经济副总裁达伦·布洛姆奎斯特(Daren Blomquist)告诉《财富》杂志,在过去六个月时间里,在他的平台上(60%的买家是炒房客),买家行为发生了巨大变化,他已经发现炒房客的做法更趋保守。

布洛姆奎斯特说:“我们明确看到我们的竞标者更加保守。”

前景堪忧——一些炒房客可能会蒙受巨大损失

需要明确的是,《财富》杂志采访的大多数炒房客和分析师都认为,目前的炒房客市场远没有2007年那么糟糕。尽管如此,他们相信前方波涛汹涌。

Auction.com的布洛姆奎斯特表示,在过去几年里,他发现在他的平台上,小型房屋炒房客在增加,如果炒房客在目前充满挑战的市场上继续 "过度投机",肯定会产生“后果”。

他说:“这是一种潜在的空手接飞刀的环境,他们将在未来三到六个月内进行转售。”

在哪些市场,炒房客最有可能蒙受巨大损失?新兴城市市场。

就像2007年一样,在房地产热潮时期,房地产价格飙升最快的地方,炒房客回撤速度也最快。不妨看看凤凰城。根据地产通讯“科隆福特报告”(The Cromford Report)向美国全国广播公司(NBC)凤凰城当地新闻分支机构提供的数据,自3月份以来,凤凰城的房屋转手量已经下降了60%。原因很简单:面对快速变化的凤凰城房地产市场,许多凤凰城炒房客暂缓购买新房。

HousingWire的首席分析师洛根·莫赫塔沙米(Logan Mohtashami)说,“最火爆的地方是最不适合炒房的地方。博伊西、凤凰城等地区属于一级红色警报区,对炒房客来说是非常危险的,因为这些地区实际上有供应,而在美国其他地区我们没有发现这种情况。”

交易减少

一方面,业内人士预计在2022年或2023年,炒房客不会陷入2008年那样的供应过剩或止赎危机,这是积极的一面。另一方面,这意味着不断变化的房地产市场不太可能带来上次房地产低迷时期的炒房交易潮。

2008年的困厄销售不仅创造了房屋修缮机会,而且在房地产市场低迷时期,炒房竞争也减少了。业余人士离开了,而那些能够以极低的折扣买房的专业人士则大展拳脚。

莫赫塔沙米说:“现在的环境比2005年、2006年、2007年和2008年信贷中断时问题要严重得多,当时经济陷入衰退,失业率飙升。因为在接下来的几年时间里,有大量不良资产进入金融体系。所以那就像是炒房客的黄金时期。但如今(2022年和2023年),情况大不相同。”(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-王芳

Marty Boardman was sitting in his home office in August 2007 when he realized his life would never be the same.

As a fledgling real estate investor and home flipper, Boardman had taken advantage of the U.S. housing bubble, building a small real estate “empire” after pivoting from his job as a TV cameraman.

But after home prices peaked in early 2006, the real estate market became increasingly unfriendly for investors. And, eventually, the housing bubble burst, leaving home flippers like Boardman out to dry and sparking a global financial crisis.

“I’ll never forget it. The music had stopped, and I didn’t have a chair,” he told Fortune.

Boardman has since rebuilt his business, diversified geographically, and started offering tips for fellow home flippers on how to use foreclosures to turn a profit.

But now he, and other experienced flippers and housing analysts, are warning that a new generation of rookie home flippers could be in trouble as mortgage rates soar and the housing market enters what Fed Chair Jerome Powell calls a “difficult correction.” Economists and analysts have also slashed their home price forecasts repeatedly this year. Moody’s Analytics, for example, is now expecting a 10% peak-to-trough decline in home prices nationwide.

The economics of flipping are simple: Flippers profit when they sell their “flip” above their combined cost for securing the home and remodeling it. While flippers add economic value through remodeling homes, during periods of soaring home price growth, it’s often home appreciation that is their greatest source of profit. Reversely, if home prices begin to fall, flippers can easily see their “flip” pushed into the red. Simply put: It’s easy to see why the shifting housing market doesn’t bode well for home flippers.

Bruce Bartlett, a veteran real-estate investor and home flipper with over 20 years of experience in the business, fears the coming home price correction will “cull the herd” of inexperienced flippers that have entered the market in the past few years amid the rise of HGTV home flipping shows.

“It’s not all roses. If you’re inexperienced, it will be very difficult,” he told Fortune. “For the last 15 years we’ve been in a low interest rate environment, and it will be challenging for everyone to recalculate. This is going to cull the herd. Lesser flippers are going to leave the business.”

Home flippers are pulling back

With mortgage rates and labor costs rising, it’s becoming increasingly expensive to flip a house. Add falling home prices and low inventory to that mix, and it becomes a toxic situation for even the most experienced of flippers.

As a result, many of the more seasoned players in the industry are becoming increasingly conservative.

“For flippers, I think we’re all being cautious. We’re seeing some price reductions now. So we’re building into our model the possibility of further price corrections.” Bartlett said, noting that forecasting potential post-rehab sales prices for homes has become a challenge in recent months.

Bartlett gave the example of a larger home that he is looking to flip in Beverly Hills. Higher-value homes typically take more time to renovate and sell, so Bartlett was trying to forecast where prices would be in the area three years from now.

“We’re very cognizant that we’re not going to be able to nail that estimate,” Bartlett said. “So we better give ourselves a lot of wiggle room.”

Not long after the Pandemic Housing Boom took off, amateur and pro flippers alike poured into the market. The opportunity to accumulate record levels of appreciation while they flipped homes was simply too good of a deal to pass up. In fact, home flipping during the pandemic soared to levels not seen since the aughts housing boom.

While it’ll take time to show up in the data (see chart above), this home flipping boom has already begun to recede.

Daren Blomquist, VP of market economics at Auction.com, the nation’s largest seller of residential bank–owned and foreclosure properties, told Fortune that he has seen evidence of this more conservative approach from flippers in the dramatic shift in buyer behavior on his platform over the past six months, where 60% of buyers are home flippers.

“We’re definitely seeing our bidders being much more conservative,” Blomquist says.

An ominous outlook—some flippers could take big losses

To be clear, most of the home flippers and analysts Fortune spoke with think the current market for home flippers isn’t anywhere near as bad as it was in 2007. That said, they believe choppy waters lie ahead.

Auction.com’s Blomquist said that he has seen a rise in smaller home flippers on his platform over the past few years and that if flippers continue to be “overly speculative” in the current challenging market, there is definitely going to be “fallout.”

“It’s a potential catch-a-falling-knife type of environment that they’re going to be reselling into in the next three to six months,” he said.

The markets where flippers are the most at risk of big losses? Boomtowns.

Just like in 2007, the swiftest flipper pullbacks are happening in the very places flipping soared the most during the housing boom. Look no further than Phoenix. The number of homes flipped in Phoenix has already dropped 60% since March, according to data provided to NBC’s Phoenix local news affiliate by The Cromford Report. The reason is simple: Many Phoenix flippers are holding off on new purchases in the face of a quickly shifting Phoenix housing market.

“The places that boomed the most are going to be the places that are the worst flippers,” said Logan Mohtashami, HousingWire’s lead analyst. “Boise, Phoenix, those kinds of areas are stage one red alert, danger, danger for flippers because those are the areas that actually have supply, where in other parts of the nation we just don’t see that.”

Fewer deals

On one hand it’s a positive that industry insiders don’t expect 2022 or 2023 flippers to find themselves selling into a 2008-style supply glut or foreclosure crisis. On the other hand, it means the shifting housing market is unlikely to bring the flipping deals that the last housing downturn brought.

Not only did 2008-era distressed sales create rehabbing opportunities, but the housing downturn also saw less flipping competition. The amateurs left, and the pros—who were able to buy homes at steep discounts—feasted.

“It’s a much more problematic environment now than it was back then when credit was breaking down in 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008, and the job loss recession happened. Because for the next few years, you had distressed property coming into the system in bulk. So that was like a paradise period for flippers,” Mohtashami said. “But here [in 2022 and 2023], it’s much different.”

热读文章
热门视频
扫描二维码下载财富APP