立即打开
钱应该往哪里投?听听高盛集团怎么说

钱应该往哪里投?听听高盛集团怎么说

Will Daniel 2022-09-12
当前,每个投资者都在重新评估自己的投资组合。

图片来源:MICHAEL M. SANTIAGO—GETTY IMAGES

2022年,美国投资者的日子不太好过:股市一片哀嚎,债市历史最差,比特币(Bitcoin)等主要加密货币市值重挫,甚至一度火爆的房地产市场也已经露出疲态。

放眼四望,各类资产的价格都在下跌。也就是说,今年如果你想给自己的闲钱找个去处、赚取一些回报,可能不太容易。

话虽如此,在9月6日发布的一份研报中,由高盛集团(Goldman Sachs)的首席美股策略师大卫·科斯廷领导的团队依然为想要平稳渡过这种动荡市场的投资者提出了一些建议。

相关建议主要围绕一个(对股市投资者而言)老生常谈的问题展开:价值型股票和成长型股票相比,哪个更值得投资?又或者,在当下这种市场中,二者是否均不是上佳选择?

成长型股票 vs. 价值型股票

在外行人眼中,相较于基本面(即收入、净利润、现金流等),价值型股票的价格低于大多数上市公司股票,而成长型股票由于增长速度明显高于市场平均水平,价格要高出许多。

Lyft就是典型的成长型股票,作为一家共享出行领域的巨头企业,该公司今年的销售额预计将增长27%,市场估值也很高,但该公司今年春季的季度净利为负。换句话说,投资者投资该公司看中的就是成长性。

惠普(Hewlett - Packard)则是典型的价值型股票。作为一家是跨国科技巨头,该公司今年春季的季度收入仅增长不到5%,不过其股票的市盈率仅为8倍,而标准普尔500指数(S&P 500)的平均市盈率为13.1倍,因此不失为一种稳健的投资选择。

对投资者而言,在价值型股票和成长型股票之间进行选择一直是道难题,但自金融危机爆发以来,在科技企业高歌猛进的引领之下,成长型股票过去几年交出了令人难以置信的亮眼答卷。

不过高盛认为,随着美联储(Federal Reserve)加息、衰退风险加剧、通胀见顶,价值型股票即将迎来属于自己的时代。

高盛团队写道:“从股市目前的相对估值来看,价值因素将在中期(为投资者)带来强劲回报”,并补充称,未来一年,价值型股票的表现将比成长型股票高出3个百分点。

高盛认为,要想让成长型股票跑赢标准普尔500指数,需要具备两个前提条件:一是“软着陆”,二是利率下降。在此背景之下,投资者在对成长型股票进行投资时或将更趋谨慎。

除此之外,从业绩和收入乘数方面来看,成长型股票现在的价格也太过高昂。

“有时,由于市场预期个股营收将会迅速飙升,超高估值也能得到市场认可,但在当下这种情况,仅凭预期似乎(即便正确)不能说明成长型股票估值的合理性。”高盛团队如是写道。

高盛的策略师还指出,从历史上看,在衰退开始前后,价值型股票的表现向来优于成长型股票。在多数经济学家预测今年美国将出现衰退的背景之下,避开定价过高的成长型股票、转而投向价值型股票或许也不失为一种可行的策略。

不过需要注意的是,高盛的经济学家认为,明年美国经济出现衰退的可能性仅为三分之一,在2024年9月前出现经济衰退的可能性则为48%。

高盛的团队也指出,从历史上看,以消费者价格指数(CPI)衡量,在通胀见顶前后,价值型股票的表现优于成长型股票。今年8月,高盛的首席经济学家简·哈祖斯表示,通胀已经见顶,即便今年年底通胀仍然可能高于历史正常水平(趋势也不会改变)。

高盛团队在9月7日写道:“从历史上看,最近8次年化核心CPI见顶后的12个月中,有7次价值型股票的表现优于成长型股票。”

当然,投资者可能还需要考虑另一问题,那就是高盛在其报告中并未提及上述策略,甚至对股票都压根未曾提及。

避风港?

尽管未来一年价值型股票的表现可能优于成长型股票,但在投行纷纷疾呼更大痛苦还在后面的当下,许多投资者可能并不愿意重返市场。

例如摩根士丹利(Morgan Stanley)就一再警告称,在“火”(通胀、加息)和“冰”(经济增速放缓)的双重打压之下,股价低迷将会持续到2023年年末。

经济不景气时,许多投资者会将现金作为自己的避风港,但全球最大的对冲基金桥水基金(Bridgewater Associates)的创始人瑞·达利欧认为,由于通胀持续走高,“现金目前仍属于垃圾资产”。

在9月7日发布的一份研报中,瑞银全球财富管理(UBS Global Wealth Management)的首席投资官马克·黑费尔表示,要想获得更高收益,投资者还有一个选择。

他说:“在当前这种充满不确定性的背景之下,就外汇市场而言,我们倾向于选择瑞士法郎作为避风港。”由于化石能源仅占该国能源产能的5%,所以相较周边邻国,该国受欧洲能源危机的影响较小。此外,该国货币还拥有央行支持,后者既有意愿也有能力将通胀迅速拉回目标水平。”

今年6月以来,瑞士法郎兑欧元已经升值逾7%,因为经济衰退担忧加剧,投资者继续转向瑞士法郎这一避险资产。正如Lombard Odier Private Bank的首席投资官斯特凡娜·莫尼尔在8月31日的一篇文章中所说的那样:

“瑞士国家银行(Swiss National Bank)正在通过提升利率应对物价上涨。与其他(国家)的决策者不同,该行显示出了通过干预(市场)维持瑞士法郎币值坚挺的决心。”

从历史上看,瑞士法郎的表现较美元也更为强劲。自1999年问世以来,瑞士法郎兑美元已经升值30%。(财富中文网)

译者:梁宇

审校:夏林

2022年,美国投资者的日子不太好过:股市一片哀嚎,债市历史最差,比特币(Bitcoin)等主要加密货币市值重挫,甚至一度火爆的房地产市场也已经露出疲态。

放眼四望,各类资产的价格都在下跌。也就是说,今年如果你想给自己的闲钱找个去处、赚取一些回报,可能不太容易。

话虽如此,在9月6日发布的一份研报中,由高盛集团(Goldman Sachs)的首席美股策略师大卫·科斯廷领导的团队依然为想要平稳渡过这种动荡市场的投资者提出了一些建议。

相关建议主要围绕一个(对股市投资者而言)老生常谈的问题展开:价值型股票和成长型股票相比,哪个更值得投资?又或者,在当下这种市场中,二者是否均不是上佳选择?

成长型股票 vs. 价值型股票

在外行人眼中,相较于基本面(即收入、净利润、现金流等),价值型股票的价格低于大多数上市公司股票,而成长型股票由于增长速度明显高于市场平均水平,价格要高出许多。

Lyft就是典型的成长型股票,作为一家共享出行领域的巨头企业,该公司今年的销售额预计将增长27%,市场估值也很高,但该公司今年春季的季度净利为负。换句话说,投资者投资该公司看中的就是成长性。

惠普(Hewlett - Packard)则是典型的价值型股票。作为一家是跨国科技巨头,该公司今年春季的季度收入仅增长不到5%,不过其股票的市盈率仅为8倍,而标准普尔500指数(S&P 500)的平均市盈率为13.1倍,因此不失为一种稳健的投资选择。

对投资者而言,在价值型股票和成长型股票之间进行选择一直是道难题,但自金融危机爆发以来,在科技企业高歌猛进的引领之下,成长型股票过去几年交出了令人难以置信的亮眼答卷。

不过高盛认为,随着美联储(Federal Reserve)加息、衰退风险加剧、通胀见顶,价值型股票即将迎来属于自己的时代。

高盛团队写道:“从股市目前的相对估值来看,价值因素将在中期(为投资者)带来强劲回报”,并补充称,未来一年,价值型股票的表现将比成长型股票高出3个百分点。

高盛认为,要想让成长型股票跑赢标准普尔500指数,需要具备两个前提条件:一是“软着陆”,二是利率下降。在此背景之下,投资者在对成长型股票进行投资时或将更趋谨慎。

除此之外,从业绩和收入乘数方面来看,成长型股票现在的价格也太过高昂。

“有时,由于市场预期个股营收将会迅速飙升,超高估值也能得到市场认可,但在当下这种情况,仅凭预期似乎(即便正确)不能说明成长型股票估值的合理性。”高盛团队如是写道。

高盛的策略师还指出,从历史上看,在衰退开始前后,价值型股票的表现向来优于成长型股票。在多数经济学家预测今年美国将出现衰退的背景之下,避开定价过高的成长型股票、转而投向价值型股票或许也不失为一种可行的策略。

不过需要注意的是,高盛的经济学家认为,明年美国经济出现衰退的可能性仅为三分之一,在2024年9月前出现经济衰退的可能性则为48%。

高盛的团队也指出,从历史上看,以消费者价格指数(CPI)衡量,在通胀见顶前后,价值型股票的表现优于成长型股票。今年8月,高盛的首席经济学家简·哈祖斯表示,通胀已经见顶,即便今年年底通胀仍然可能高于历史正常水平(趋势也不会改变)。

高盛团队在9月7日写道:“从历史上看,最近8次年化核心CPI见顶后的12个月中,有7次价值型股票的表现优于成长型股票。”

当然,投资者可能还需要考虑另一问题,那就是高盛在其报告中并未提及上述策略,甚至对股票都压根未曾提及。

避风港?

尽管未来一年价值型股票的表现可能优于成长型股票,但在投行纷纷疾呼更大痛苦还在后面的当下,许多投资者可能并不愿意重返市场。

例如摩根士丹利(Morgan Stanley)就一再警告称,在“火”(通胀、加息)和“冰”(经济增速放缓)的双重打压之下,股价低迷将会持续到2023年年末。

经济不景气时,许多投资者会将现金作为自己的避风港,但全球最大的对冲基金桥水基金(Bridgewater Associates)的创始人瑞·达利欧认为,由于通胀持续走高,“现金目前仍属于垃圾资产”。

在9月7日发布的一份研报中,瑞银全球财富管理(UBS Global Wealth Management)的首席投资官马克·黑费尔表示,要想获得更高收益,投资者还有一个选择。

他说:“在当前这种充满不确定性的背景之下,就外汇市场而言,我们倾向于选择瑞士法郎作为避风港。”由于化石能源仅占该国能源产能的5%,所以相较周边邻国,该国受欧洲能源危机的影响较小。此外,该国货币还拥有央行支持,后者既有意愿也有能力将通胀迅速拉回目标水平。”

今年6月以来,瑞士法郎兑欧元已经升值逾7%,因为经济衰退担忧加剧,投资者继续转向瑞士法郎这一避险资产。正如Lombard Odier Private Bank的首席投资官斯特凡娜·莫尼尔在8月31日的一篇文章中所说的那样:

“瑞士国家银行(Swiss National Bank)正在通过提升利率应对物价上涨。与其他(国家)的决策者不同,该行显示出了通过干预(市场)维持瑞士法郎币值坚挺的决心。”

从历史上看,瑞士法郎的表现较美元也更为强劲。自1999年问世以来,瑞士法郎兑美元已经升值30%。(财富中文网)

译者:梁宇

审校:夏林

U.S. investors haven’t had the easiest time in 2022. The stock market is ailing; the bond market is having its worst year in history; major cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin have tanked; and even the once red-hot housing market is beginning to crack.

No matter where you look, asset prices are declining. That means it’s been a challenging year for those looking to park some extra cash in a place where it will actually generate a return, to say the least.

But a Goldman Sachs team, led by chief U.S. equity strategist David J. Kostin, gave some advice for investors looking to navigate these treacherous markets in a September 6 research note.

Their counsel centers on an age-old question for stock market investors: Which is better, value stocks or growth stocks? Or what if, these days, it’s neither?

Growth vs. Value

For the uninitiated, value stocks have lower prices relative to their fundamentals (i.e., revenues, net income, cash flows, etc.) than most publicly traded companies, while growth stocks are priced at much richer valuations because they have growth rates that are significantly higher than the market average.

Lyft is a good example of a growth stock. The rideshare giant is expected to grow sales at a 27% clip this year and is highly valued by the market, but it posted a negative net income in the spring quarter. The company’s growth is the thing to invest in, in other words.

Hewlett-Packard, on the other hand, is a solid example of a value stock. The multinational tech giant’s revenues grew by less than 5% in the spring quarter, but its stock trades at just eight times earnings, compared with the average 13.1 price/earnings ratio for the S&P 500. There’s a lot of reliable value there.

Choosing between value and growth stocks is always a challenge for investors, but in the years since the Great Financial Crisis, growth stocks witnessed an incredible era of outperformance led by high-flying tech firms.

Now though, with the Federal Reserve raising interest rates, the risk of recession rising, and inflation peaking, Goldman says value stocks are about to have their day.

“Current relative valuations within the equity market imply the value factor will generate strong returns over the medium term,” the Goldman team wrote, adding that value stocks should outperform growth stocks by three percentage points over the next year.

Investors may want to be cautious investing in growth stocks moving forward because these equities will need a “soft landing” and a decline in interest rates to outperform the S&P 500, Goldman argues.

On top of that, growth stocks look particularly expensive in terms of earnings and revenue multiples.

“Exceptionally elevated valuations can sometimes be justified by expectations for exceptionally fast earnings growth. However, expectations today—even if proven accurate—do not appear to justify current growth stock multiples,” the Goldman team wrote.

The Goldman strategists also noted that value stocks have historically outperformed growth stocks around the start of recessions. And with most economists predicting a U.S. recession this year, it may make sense to avoid richly priced growth names and seek out value plays.

However, it’s important to note that Goldman’s economists still see just a one in three chance of a U.S. recession over the next year and a 48% chance of a recession by September 2024.

Still, the Goldman team also pointed out that value stocks have historically performed better than growth stocks around peaks in inflation, as measured by the consumer price index (CPI). And Goldman’s chief economist, Jan Hatzius, said in August that he believes inflation has already peaked, even if it’s likely to remain elevated from historical norms through the end of the year.

“Value has outperformed growth in the 12 months following seven of the last eight year-over-year core CPI inflation peaks,” the Goldman team wrote on September 7.

Of course, there is another possibility investors might want to consider. Goldman didn’t mention this strategy in its note, and it doesn’t include stocks at all.

A safe haven?

While value stocks may outperform growth stocks over the coming year, many investors are likely unwilling to jump back into the market amid calls from investment banks for more pain ahead.

Morgan Stanley, for example, has repeatedly warned that a toxic economic combination of “fire”(inflation and rising interest rates) and “ice”(falling economic growth) are set to keep equity prices subdued until late 2023.

Many investors have sought to move to cash as a safe haven during these trying economic times, but Ray Dalio, founder of the world’s largest hedge fund, Bridgewater Associates, argues that “cash is still trash” owing to rising inflation.

Mark Haefele, chief investment officer at UBS Global Wealth Management, said in a September 7 research note that there is another option that may be more profitable.

“Against the current uncertain backdrop, we favor the Swiss franc as the safe haven of choice in foreign exchange markets,” he said. “The nation is less impacted by the European energy crisis than its neighbors, since fossil fuels account for just 5% of electricity production in the country. The currency is also backed by a central bank that is both willing and able to quickly bring inflation back to target.”

The Swiss franc has appreciated more than 7% against the euro since June as rising recession fears continue to drive investors to the safe haven asset. And as Stéphane Monier, chief investment officer for Lombard Odier Private Bank, said in an Aug. 31 article:

“The Swiss National Bank (SNB) is countering rising prices with higher interest rates. Unlike other policymakers, it has signaled a willingness to intervene to keep the Swiss franc strong.”

The Swiss franc also has a history of outperforming the dollar. Since its inception in 1999, the franc has gained 30% against the greenback.

热读文章
热门视频
扫描二维码下载财富APP