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该多久去一次健身房,去一次健身多长时间?一项新的研究表明频率比次数更重要

该多久去一次健身房,去一次健身多长时间?一项新的研究表明频率比次数更重要

Alexa Mikhail 2022-09-06
专家认为,如果你正开始一项阻力训练计划,那么在开始时就要慢慢来,然后随着时间的推移增加重量和频率。

图片来源:GETTY IMAGES

从有氧运动和低强度运动到休息日与一天锻炼两次,人们并不总是确定如何锻炼,更重要的是,如何有效锻炼。那么我们需要达到多大的运动量才能看到效果呢?

一项新的研究表明,这与你去健身房的时间长短无关,而与你去健身房的频率有关。

研究人员在今年8月发表于《斯堪的纳维亚医学与体育科学杂志》(Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports)上的一项研究中,进行了为期四周的训练计划,评估了研究参与者的肌肉力量和线条或厚度。36名参与者在过去的六个月里没有完成任何手臂阻力训练,他们被要求遵循三种训练计划中的一种:每周五天,每天做一组6次重复;每周做一组6次重复(一次性完成);每周做五组6次重复(一次性完成)。参与者在一台机器上进行“最大偏心收缩”,实际上就是在肱二头肌弯举时放下沉重的哑铃。

训练计划结束后,对于每周五天,每天做一组6次重复训练的小组,组员的肌肉力量增加了10%。对于每周做30次重复训练的小组,组员的肌肉力量则没有变化。对于每周做6次重复训练的小组,组员的肌肉厚度或力量没有变化。

“人们认为他们必须在健身房进行长时间的阻力训练,但事实并非如此。” 该研究的作者、伊迪斯科文大学(Edith Cowan University)的运动和运动科学教授野坂健(Ken Nosaka)在一份新闻稿中说。“每天缓慢地放下沉重的哑铃,做一到六次就足够了。”野坂还强调中间需要休息几天。

根据美国疾病控制与预防中心(U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)的数据,目前的运动指南建议大多数成年人每周进行150分钟的中等强度运动,或每周进行75分钟的高强度运动。该指南还建议每周进行两天力量训练。

经过认证的力量和体能训练专家、运动生理学家苏西·赖纳说,尽管频繁进行阻力训练是有益的,但这项研究中涉及的举重训练对刚开始锻炼的人来说可能并不可行。赖纳进一步指出,这种类型的举重可能会导致迟发性肌肉酸痛(锻炼后开始出现肌肉疼痛),甚至可能导致对锻炼产生“负面”反应,这可能会阻止那些刚开始进行阻力训练的人继续锻炼。

野坂说,正在进行的研究表明,锻炼者无需像研究参与者那样用力,也可以获得类似的结果。

他在新闻稿中称:“我们在这项研究中只使用了肱二头肌弯举训练,但我们相信其他肌肉训练也是如此,至少在某种程度上是这样的。”

赖纳指出,如果你要开始尝试阻力训练,就需要努力达到每周两天力量训练的一般体能指南要求,并持续增加频率和重量。

从实际意义上说,频繁地进行快速大负荷训练可能对一些人有益,但并不是所有人。享受你所做的运动也会增强你增加频率的欲望。

“虽然短时间的锻炼听起来很有吸引力,但要知道这些锻炼是非常困难的,要为身体需求做好准备。”赖纳说。“想想从长远来看,哪些锻炼对你来说是可持续的,哪些锻炼你会坚持下来并最大限度参与,并随着时间的推移会不断加码。”(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-王芳

从有氧运动和低强度运动到休息日与一天锻炼两次,人们并不总是确定如何锻炼,更重要的是,如何有效锻炼。那么我们需要达到多大的运动量才能看到效果呢?

一项新的研究表明,这与你去健身房的时间长短无关,而与你去健身房的频率有关。

研究人员在今年8月发表于《斯堪的纳维亚医学与体育科学杂志》(Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports)上的一项研究中,进行了为期四周的训练计划,评估了研究参与者的肌肉力量和线条或厚度。36名参与者在过去的六个月里没有完成任何手臂阻力训练,他们被要求遵循三种训练计划中的一种:每周五天,每天做一组6次重复;每周做一组6次重复(一次性完成);每周做五组6次重复(一次性完成)。参与者在一台机器上进行“最大偏心收缩”,实际上就是在肱二头肌弯举时放下沉重的哑铃。

训练计划结束后,对于每周五天,每天做一组6次重复训练的小组,组员的肌肉力量增加了10%。对于每周做30次重复训练的小组,组员的肌肉力量则没有变化。对于每周做6次重复训练的小组,组员的肌肉厚度或力量没有变化。

“人们认为他们必须在健身房进行长时间的阻力训练,但事实并非如此。” 该研究的作者、伊迪斯科文大学(Edith Cowan University)的运动和运动科学教授野坂健(Ken Nosaka)在一份新闻稿中说。“每天缓慢地放下沉重的哑铃,做一到六次就足够了。”野坂还强调中间需要休息几天。

根据美国疾病控制与预防中心(U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)的数据,目前的运动指南建议大多数成年人每周进行150分钟的中等强度运动,或每周进行75分钟的高强度运动。该指南还建议每周进行两天力量训练。

经过认证的力量和体能训练专家、运动生理学家苏西·赖纳说,尽管频繁进行阻力训练是有益的,但这项研究中涉及的举重训练对刚开始锻炼的人来说可能并不可行。赖纳进一步指出,这种类型的举重可能会导致迟发性肌肉酸痛(锻炼后开始出现肌肉疼痛),甚至可能导致对锻炼产生“负面”反应,这可能会阻止那些刚开始进行阻力训练的人继续锻炼。

野坂说,正在进行的研究表明,锻炼者无需像研究参与者那样用力,也可以获得类似的结果。

他在新闻稿中称:“我们在这项研究中只使用了肱二头肌弯举训练,但我们相信其他肌肉训练也是如此,至少在某种程度上是这样的。”

赖纳指出,如果你要开始尝试阻力训练,就需要努力达到每周两天力量训练的一般体能指南要求,并持续增加频率和重量。

从实际意义上说,频繁地进行快速大负荷训练可能对一些人有益,但并不是所有人。享受你所做的运动也会增强你增加频率的欲望。

“虽然短时间的锻炼听起来很有吸引力,但要知道这些锻炼是非常困难的,要为身体需求做好准备。”赖纳说。“想想从长远来看,哪些锻炼对你来说是可持续的,哪些锻炼你会坚持下来并最大限度参与,并随着时间的推移会不断加码。”(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-王芳

From cardio and low-impact to rest days versus two-a-days, people are not always sure how to work out, and more important, how to work out effectively. So how much do we need to exercise to see results?

A new study suggests it’s not about the length of your gym visit but rather how often you go.

Researchers evaluated muscle strength and definition or thickness, following a four-week training program in a study published in August in the Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. The 36 participants had not completed any resistance training of their arms in the past six months and were asked to follow one of three training plans: one set of six repetitions for five days a week, one set of six reps once a week, and five sets of six reps once a week. The participants performed “maximal eccentric contractions” on a machine, which is essentially lowering a heavy dumbbell in a bicep curl.

After the program, muscle strength increased by 10% in the group doing one set of six reps for five days a week compared with no change in the group doing 30 reps once a week. For the group doing six reps once a week, there was no change in muscle thickness or strength.

“People think they have to do a lengthy session of resistance training in the gym, but that’s not the case,” says Ken Nosaka, author of the study and exercise and sports science professor at Edith Cowan University in a press release. “Just lowering a heavy dumbbell slowly once or six times a day is enough,” Nosaka says, who also emphasizes the need for a couple of rest days in between.

Current exercise guidelines recommend 150 minutes of moderate activity a week or 75 minutes of vigorous intensity a week for most adults, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The guidance also suggests two days of strength training per week.

Susie Reiner, a certified strength and conditioning specialist and exercise physiologist, says that while frequency in resistance training is beneficial, the heavy weight lifting used in the study might not be feasible for someone starting out. Reiner further notes this type of weight lifting could cause delayed onset muscle soreness (muscle pain that starts after you’ve worked out) and could even lead to a “negative” response to exercise, which may discourage someone from continuing a workout if they’re new to resistance training.

Developing research suggests exercisers may get similar results without having to push quite as hard as the study participants, Nosaka says.

“We only used the bicep curl exercise in this study, but we believe this would be the case for other muscles also, at least to some extent,” he says in the release.

If you’re beginning to experiment with resistance training, work toward meeting the general physical guidelines of two strength days a week and continue to build up frequency and weight, Reiner says.

In a practical sense, quick bursts of heavy loading frequently may be beneficial for some but not all. Enjoying the exercise you do also plays into your desire to add frequency.

“While a short workout sounds attractive, know that these workouts will be very difficult and be prepared for the physical demands,” says Reiner. “Think about what workouts are sustainable for you in the long run, which ones you will come back to and engage with the most, and keep progressing them over time.”

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