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出生率低是因为女孩学习太好?匈牙利一项研究引争议

出生率低是因为女孩学习太好?匈牙利一项研究引争议

Zoltan Simon, 彭博社 2022-09-04
匈牙利国内一项有争议的研究表明,女大学生过多会让教育资源向女性倾斜,导致她们生育概率下降,从而威胁到经济和人口结构。

图片来源:AKOS STILLER—BLOOMBERG/GETTY IMAGES

匈牙利政府的多项社会政策都引发了国际社会的谴责,从对待移民的方式到LGBTQ群体的权利,现在似乎又把矛头指向了受过高等教育的女性。

匈牙利国家审计署(State Audit Office)的一份报告表示,女大学生过多会让教育资源向女性倾斜,导致她们生育概率下降,从而威胁到经济和人口结构。这篇名为《匈牙利粉色教育几大特征?!》(Signs of Pink Education in Hungary?!)的报告发表于7月1日,一家匈牙利媒体Nepszava进行了报道。

这份报告突显出,匈牙利与欧盟(European Union)其他成员国的步调越来越不一致,不仅在政治上,社会议题上也是如此。匈牙利总理维克托·欧尔班在他自我标榜的“非自由民主”中,试图强调他所说的“传统”价值观,包括在宪法里规定家庭由一男一女结合组成。

“在匈牙利,受到不平等冲击最严重的是女性。”教师民主联盟(Democratic Union of Teachers)的安娜·科姆亚蒂说。“坦白说,所谓女性妨碍了男性接受高等教育的说法就是个笑话。”

这项研究来自一个独立的国家机构,而非官方,不过它很快就遭到了本国媒体的批判,称其为欧尔班培养的大男子主义政治文化的最新产物,在欧尔班口中,艰巨的任务是“男人的工作”。和许多欧洲国家一样,匈牙利的出生率很低,欧尔班领导的民族主义政党称这威胁到了国家的未来。

“如果一对新婚夫妇的受教育程度存在差异,那么通常就是新娘比新郎的受教育程度更高。”报告称,“如果这种趋势持续下去,高等教育的不平等可能就会造成女性选择结婚生子的概率降低,从而导致出生率下降。”

研究认为,造成这一现象的部分原因是教师队伍中女性比例过高,导致课堂上“男性特质被低估,甚至受到惩罚”。

报告中没有提到其他地方存在的性别不平等。欧尔班的15名内阁成员里只有一名女性,匈牙利议员中的女性比例约为13%,在经济合作与发展组织(Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development)的38个成员国里排名倒数第二位,仅高于日本。(财富中文网)

——本文的撰写得到了韦罗妮卡·古亚什(Veronika Gulyas)的协助。

译者:Agatha

匈牙利政府的多项社会政策都引发了国际社会的谴责,从对待移民的方式到LGBTQ群体的权利,现在似乎又把矛头指向了受过高等教育的女性。

匈牙利国家审计署(State Audit Office)的一份报告表示,女大学生过多会让教育资源向女性倾斜,导致她们生育概率下降,从而威胁到经济和人口结构。这篇名为《匈牙利粉色教育几大特征?!》(Signs of Pink Education in Hungary?!)的报告发表于7月1日,一家匈牙利媒体Nepszava进行了报道。

这份报告突显出,匈牙利与欧盟(European Union)其他成员国的步调越来越不一致,不仅在政治上,社会议题上也是如此。匈牙利总理维克托·欧尔班在他自我标榜的“非自由民主”中,试图强调他所说的“传统”价值观,包括在宪法里规定家庭由一男一女结合组成。

“在匈牙利,受到不平等冲击最严重的是女性。”教师民主联盟(Democratic Union of Teachers)的安娜·科姆亚蒂说。“坦白说,所谓女性妨碍了男性接受高等教育的说法就是个笑话。”

这项研究来自一个独立的国家机构,而非官方,不过它很快就遭到了本国媒体的批判,称其为欧尔班培养的大男子主义政治文化的最新产物,在欧尔班口中,艰巨的任务是“男人的工作”。和许多欧洲国家一样,匈牙利的出生率很低,欧尔班领导的民族主义政党称这威胁到了国家的未来。

“如果一对新婚夫妇的受教育程度存在差异,那么通常就是新娘比新郎的受教育程度更高。”报告称,“如果这种趋势持续下去,高等教育的不平等可能就会造成女性选择结婚生子的概率降低,从而导致出生率下降。”

研究认为,造成这一现象的部分原因是教师队伍中女性比例过高,导致课堂上“男性特质被低估,甚至受到惩罚”。

报告中没有提到其他地方存在的性别不平等。欧尔班的15名内阁成员里只有一名女性,匈牙利议员中的女性比例约为13%,在经济合作与发展组织(Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development)的38个成员国里排名倒数第二位,仅高于日本。

——本文的撰写得到了韦罗妮卡·古亚什(Veronika Gulyas)的协助。

译者:Agatha

Hungary, whose social policies have sparked international condemnation over everything from its treatment of migrants to LGBTQ rights, now appears to be taking aim at educated women.

Having too many female college graduates threatens the economy and demographics by skewing education in their favor and making it more difficult for them to have children, according to a report by the State Audit Office. The work, entitled “Signs of Pink Education in Hungary?!,” was published on July 1 and reported by Nepszava newspaper.

The emergence of the report underscores just how Hungary is increasingly out of step with its fellow European Union members, not just politically but socially. Prime Minister Viktor Orban has sought to emphasize what he has described as “traditional” values in his self-proclaimed “illiberal democracy,” including enshrining in the constitution that a family is comprised by the union of a man and a woman.

“The brunt of inequality in Hungary is borne by women,” said Anna Komjathy of the Democratic Union of Teachers. “The notion that men’s access to higher education is hampered by women is frankly a joke.”

The study came from a separate state body and not the government, though it was quickly criticized by local media as the latest product of the macho political culture fostered by Orban, who refers to tough tasks as “work for men.” Like many European nations, Hungary suffers from a low birth rate, which Orban’s nationalist party says threatens the country’s future.

“Where there’s a difference in the educational attainment of a marrying couple, the bride is usually more educated than the groom,” according to the report. “If this tendency continues, the inequity in higher education may risk a drop in births due to the reduced probability of women choosing to marry and bear children.”

The study said this stemmed partly from women being over-represented in the teaching profession, leading to “male attributes being underrated, possibly penalized” in the classroom.

It didn’t mention gender inequality elsewhere. There’s just one woman in Orban’s 15-member cabinet, and women comprise about 13% of lawmakers in Hungary, the lowest ratio among the 38 members of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development after Japan.

—With assistance from Veronika Gulyas.

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