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为了解决水危机,各大公司开始转向人工智能

为了解决水危机,各大公司开始转向人工智能

Tony Lystra 2022-07-13
各行各业的公司都越来越多地转向人工智能和数据模型,以更好地评估气候将如何威胁它们的运营和利润。

美国犹他州的大盐湖(Great Salt Lake)正在干涸:由于美国西南部迎来1200年来最严重的干旱,大盐湖现在的面积只有平时的三分之一,并威胁到附近的盐湖城,盐湖城空气中的砷含量达到警戒水平。

Measurabl公司的首席执行官马特·埃利斯表示,犹他州的一名共和党州议员最近将这种风险称为“环境核弹”,正是气候变化造成了此类危险,这可能会阻止资本流入西南地区,使私营公司损失数百万美元。Measurabl公司利用机器学习和大量数据来帮助企业监测建筑的排放量以及能源和水的使用情况。

他说:“你将面临增长问题、房屋价值问题和商业问题。”埃利斯指出,投资者可能担心在盐湖城建房。“这在房地产业务的资本堆栈中进展得非常快,我们看到客户真的开始因此而改变他们的买卖行为。”

行业观察人士和提供这些技术的公司高管称,西南地区的水资源短缺和其他与气候相关的事件越来越频繁和严重,这加速了对更准确衡量气候变化影响的需求。各行各业的公司都越来越多地转向Measurabl提供的人工智能和数据模型,以更好地评估气候将如何威胁它们的运营和利润。

专家指出,干旱带来的影响远远超出了房地产行业:干旱已经使西南地区的主要水库干涸至创纪录的低点,威胁到农作物、供应链和生产线。根据英国巴克莱银行(Barclays)于2021年6月发布的一份报告,包括食品、饮料和非耐用日用商品在内的必需消费品行业仅因为水资源短缺就可能损失2000亿美元。与此同时,大型科技公司的数据中心每天需要用数百万加仑的淡水冷却,它们不得不承诺采取深水保护措施,因为美国西南地区的一些城市反对建设新的云基础设施的计划。

投资者、保险公司和债权人越来越依赖气候数据来制定关键战略决策,这给企业识别、披露和应对气候相关风险带来了压力。

市场研究公司Gartner表示,根据去年年底对董事会进行的一项调查,可持续发展工作,即被企业和投资者称为环境、社会和治理(ESG)举措,是今年和2023年公司董事会的三大优先事项之一。该公司没有确凿的数据表明私营部门越来越多地采用人工智能和数据技术。

这家市场研究公司在2021年12月发布的一份报告中说:“利用人工智能和云服务进行气候相关风险评估的初创企业生态系统正在持续增长。利用机器学习和其他人工智能技术来缓解气候变化已经在顺利进行中。”

微软公司(Microsoft)正在使用数据和机器学习模型来阻止数百万加仑的水冷却其数据中心,并帮助其他人识别和解决用水问题。

总部位于伦敦的Cervest公司表示,该公司利用机器学习和通过卫星、气象站和遥感方法收集的大量数据来评估公司资产组合的风险,包括工厂、企业园区、分销和数据中心。

Lotic Labs部署了类似的技术来监测与天气相关的风险,并将这些数据转化为金融风险模型。

作为全球最大的淡水消费者之一,农业企业也在转向人工智能,以提高从农田到食品生产通道的运营效率。

数千年来,美国西南部一直饱受干旱之苦,但最近这段时间的干旱天气加上极端高温,被证明是特别持久和危险的。持续了20多年的干旱被称为“特大干旱”,西南地区的干旱已经持续了22年。

根据加州大学洛杉矶分校(University of California, Los Angeles)在今年2月发表的一项研究,科学家们表示,气候变化在很大程度上是人为原因造成的,过去20年该地区土壤缺乏水分42%是人为原因造成的。

2021年,联邦官员宣布,他们将在科罗拉多河流域(Colorado River Basin)进行历史上首次蓄水,限制向依赖这条1450英里(约2333.55千米)水路的各州分配水资源。官员们在6月表示,政府可能会出台更多限制措施。

“情况非常糟糕。”政治学家大卫·费尔德曼表示,他是加州大学欧文分校(UC Irvine)水科学与政策智库Water UCI的负责人。

日益严重的全球性问题

费尔德曼说:“我们在西南地区看到的现象在全球范围内越来越普遍。”他还担任政府水资源问题顾问,并撰写了几本关于水资源政策和管理的书籍。“降水的不可预测性,对水资源的各种需求的增长,不仅是农业用水,而且是城市用水、工业用水、制造业用水——这是一个在世界范围内变得普遍的问题。”

瑞士再保险公司(Swiss Re)估计,到2050年,干旱、野火、洪水和其他与气候相关的事件将使全球经济产出减少多达23万亿美元,降幅在11%到14%之间。

世界银行(World Bank)的环境倡议顾问、商业咨询公司Strategy DNA的创始人及首席执行官瓦伦蒂娜·福缅科指出,这样的数据凸显了对更准确的气候相关金融模型的需求,保险公司可以利用这些模型来构建更好、更广泛可用的气候保险产品。

她说:“在评估风险的思路上需要有这样的转变。我们需要分析才能预测水资源的可用性,并有可能将其转化为融资条件。”

保险公司已经将干旱和野火风险作为提高费率或取消保单的理由。信用评级公司标准普尔全球(S&P Global)在去年的一份报告中称,水资源短缺正日益阻碍工业生产,并使企业无法获得资金。

作为世界上最大的淡水消费者之一,农业行业正在试图通过采用更多数据和人工智能支持的技术来避免这些问题,并保护其作物。

自乔治·华盛顿担任美国总统以来,种植者一直依靠农民历(Farmers Almanac)的天气预报来了解何时种植农作物,现在他们转向了云中存储的PB级数据,人工智能模型利用这些数据能够进行更准确的预测,并实现了农场自动化操作。

拖拉机是直线行驶的。配备了计算机视觉摄像头的拖拉机不会向大片农田喷洒农药(因为农药可能流入当地水源),而是高精度地瞄准了杂草群。地面上的传感器可以触发灌溉用水的流动,而且精度更高,从而能够保护水源。

工农业贸易组织设备制造商协会(Association of Equipment Manufacturers)的高级副总裁库尔特·布莱兹说,所有这些措施都使得在更少的土地上种植更多的粮食成为可能,这也能节约用水。

“在这个问题上没有什么灵丹妙药。技术只能解决其中一些挑战。”布莱兹说。“我们可以做到这一点。我们能够利用更少的资源来实现更大的产出。”

Cervest公司利用复杂的机器学习模型和庞大的数据仓库来评估企业资产面临的气候风险。该公司最近在横跨内华达州和亚利桑那州边界的胡佛大坝(Hoover Dam)上演示了其软件,帮助将科罗拉多河的河水输送给美国西南部4000多万人。

87年来,这座大坝一直是美国西南部“一切皆有可能”的繁荣前景的支柱。长期以来,科罗拉多河的河水一直冲刷着太平洋,使得冲浪者可以沿着洛杉矶海滩冲浪,形成的冰块让拉斯维加斯纸牌玩家的玻璃杯嘎嘎作响,灌溉着该地区广阔的牧场和农场。该大坝的水力发电沿着2700英里(约4345.23千米)长的铜线传输,使得洛杉矶县成为美国最大的制造业中心,截至2020年的GDP为7470亿美元。

Cervest公司的软件,称为EarthScan,能够在单个企业园区、工厂、配送中心、数据中心,甚至是像胡佛大坝这样的联邦基础设施的整体部分进行归零。然后,它利用人工智能技术,仔细研究PB级数据,以确定热浪、干旱、野火和洪水是否可能袭击这些资产。

EarthScan的人工智能技术在观察胡佛大坝时看到了什么?麻烦。

根据Cervest公司的数据模型,如果利用科罗拉多河资源的七个州继续像往常一样运作,胡佛大坝周围的“热应力”就将继续上升。该软件的算法目前给大坝的风险评级为“高”,并预计到2025年,该评级将飙升至“非常高”。

人工智能研究得出这一结论的数据中:美国最大的水库米德湖(Lake Mead)已经下降到前所未有的低点——大约是正常水平的三分之一,它是胡佛大坝使科罗拉多河在拉斯维加斯以东30英里(约48.28千米)的莫哈韦沙漠(Mojave Desert)上流动时形成的。位于科罗拉多河上的葛兰峡谷大坝(Glen Canyon Dam)形成的鲍威尔湖(Lake Powell)也缩小了。

胡佛大坝归纳税人所有,而不是私人利益。尽管如此,Cervest公司的首席运营官卡兰·乔普拉表示,目前的困境可能会给依赖胡佛大坝供水和供电的行业造成数十亿美元的损失。他说,美国西南地区进一步加剧的干旱可能会影响农业生产,导致供应链中断,生产线停滞。

事实上,乔普拉说,Cervest公司的75家客户都在使用其EarthScan软件,不仅用来监测自家建筑物的风险,还用来审查供应合作伙伴。他说,机构投资者正在使用该软件来评估其投资组合和潜在投资的风险。

“无处可藏”

今年3月,美国证券交易委员会(SEC)提出了新规定,要求上市公司在提交给美国证券交易委员会的文件中披露其面临的与气候相关的风险,尤其是与运营和财务有关的风险。拟议中的规定还将要求这些公司披露温室气体排放量。该机构在5月延长了提案的评议期。

“我们将无处可藏。”乔普拉在谈到外界对加大气候信息披露力度的期待时说。“我的建议是领先一步,把它当作获得竞争优势的机会。”

气候模型很复杂,难以解释,这项工作通常留给学者和其他专家,他们为政策制定者起草厚厚的报告,“这非常重要。”乔普拉表示。但他补充说,Cervest公司正在试图让这些模型易于应用于单个资产的投资组合,“这样我们都可以变得更聪明”。

他说,该软件能够根据不同的场景识别当前和潜在的风险。它可以突出显示早在1970年的气候风险模式,也能够预测远到2100年的未来风险。

乔普拉说:“想象一下,如果每个人都可以获得这种类型的智能应用。”他说,Cervest公司计划在不久的将来让人们更广泛地使用这款软件。“因为这实际上是我们在这个世界上开始谋划和为我们正在经历的和将要经历的事情做准备所需要的。”(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-王芳

美国犹他州的大盐湖(Great Salt Lake)正在干涸:由于美国西南部迎来1200年来最严重的干旱,大盐湖现在的面积只有平时的三分之一,并威胁到附近的盐湖城,盐湖城空气中的砷含量达到警戒水平。

Measurabl公司的首席执行官马特·埃利斯表示,犹他州的一名共和党州议员最近将这种风险称为“环境核弹”,正是气候变化造成了此类危险,这可能会阻止资本流入西南地区,使私营公司损失数百万美元。Measurabl公司利用机器学习和大量数据来帮助企业监测建筑的排放量以及能源和水的使用情况。

他说:“你将面临增长问题、房屋价值问题和商业问题。”埃利斯指出,投资者可能担心在盐湖城建房。“这在房地产业务的资本堆栈中进展得非常快,我们看到客户真的开始因此而改变他们的买卖行为。”

行业观察人士和提供这些技术的公司高管称,西南地区的水资源短缺和其他与气候相关的事件越来越频繁和严重,这加速了对更准确衡量气候变化影响的需求。各行各业的公司都越来越多地转向Measurabl提供的人工智能和数据模型,以更好地评估气候将如何威胁它们的运营和利润。

专家指出,干旱带来的影响远远超出了房地产行业:干旱已经使西南地区的主要水库干涸至创纪录的低点,威胁到农作物、供应链和生产线。根据英国巴克莱银行(Barclays)于2021年6月发布的一份报告,包括食品、饮料和非耐用日用商品在内的必需消费品行业仅因为水资源短缺就可能损失2000亿美元。与此同时,大型科技公司的数据中心每天需要用数百万加仑的淡水冷却,它们不得不承诺采取深水保护措施,因为美国西南地区的一些城市反对建设新的云基础设施的计划。

投资者、保险公司和债权人越来越依赖气候数据来制定关键战略决策,这给企业识别、披露和应对气候相关风险带来了压力。

市场研究公司Gartner表示,根据去年年底对董事会进行的一项调查,可持续发展工作,即被企业和投资者称为环境、社会和治理(ESG)举措,是今年和2023年公司董事会的三大优先事项之一。该公司没有确凿的数据表明私营部门越来越多地采用人工智能和数据技术。

这家市场研究公司在2021年12月发布的一份报告中说:“利用人工智能和云服务进行气候相关风险评估的初创企业生态系统正在持续增长。利用机器学习和其他人工智能技术来缓解气候变化已经在顺利进行中。”

微软公司(Microsoft)正在使用数据和机器学习模型来阻止数百万加仑的水冷却其数据中心,并帮助其他人识别和解决用水问题。

总部位于伦敦的Cervest公司表示,该公司利用机器学习和通过卫星、气象站和遥感方法收集的大量数据来评估公司资产组合的风险,包括工厂、企业园区、分销和数据中心。

Lotic Labs部署了类似的技术来监测与天气相关的风险,并将这些数据转化为金融风险模型。

作为全球最大的淡水消费者之一,农业企业也在转向人工智能,以提高从农田到食品生产通道的运营效率。

数千年来,美国西南部一直饱受干旱之苦,但最近这段时间的干旱天气加上极端高温,被证明是特别持久和危险的。持续了20多年的干旱被称为“特大干旱”,西南地区的干旱已经持续了22年。

根据加州大学洛杉矶分校(University of California, Los Angeles)在今年2月发表的一项研究,科学家们表示,气候变化在很大程度上是人为原因造成的,过去20年该地区土壤缺乏水分42%是人为原因造成的。

2021年,联邦官员宣布,他们将在科罗拉多河流域(Colorado River Basin)进行历史上首次蓄水,限制向依赖这条1450英里(约2333.55千米)水路的各州分配水资源。官员们在6月表示,政府可能会出台更多限制措施。

“情况非常糟糕。”政治学家大卫·费尔德曼表示,他是加州大学欧文分校(UC Irvine)水科学与政策智库Water UCI的负责人。

日益严重的全球性问题

费尔德曼说:“我们在西南地区看到的现象在全球范围内越来越普遍。”他还担任政府水资源问题顾问,并撰写了几本关于水资源政策和管理的书籍。“降水的不可预测性,对水资源的各种需求的增长,不仅是农业用水,而且是城市用水、工业用水、制造业用水——这是一个在世界范围内变得普遍的问题。”

瑞士再保险公司(Swiss Re)估计,到2050年,干旱、野火、洪水和其他与气候相关的事件将使全球经济产出减少多达23万亿美元,降幅在11%到14%之间。

世界银行(World Bank)的环境倡议顾问、商业咨询公司Strategy DNA的创始人及首席执行官瓦伦蒂娜·福缅科指出,这样的数据凸显了对更准确的气候相关金融模型的需求,保险公司可以利用这些模型来构建更好、更广泛可用的气候保险产品。

她说:“在评估风险的思路上需要有这样的转变。我们需要分析才能预测水资源的可用性,并有可能将其转化为融资条件。”

保险公司已经将干旱和野火风险作为提高费率或取消保单的理由。信用评级公司标准普尔全球(S&P Global)在去年的一份报告中称,水资源短缺正日益阻碍工业生产,并使企业无法获得资金。

作为世界上最大的淡水消费者之一,农业行业正在试图通过采用更多数据和人工智能支持的技术来避免这些问题,并保护其作物。

自乔治·华盛顿担任美国总统以来,种植者一直依靠农民历(Farmers Almanac)的天气预报来了解何时种植农作物,现在他们转向了云中存储的PB级数据,人工智能模型利用这些数据能够进行更准确的预测,并实现了农场自动化操作。

拖拉机是直线行驶的。配备了计算机视觉摄像头的拖拉机不会向大片农田喷洒农药(因为农药可能流入当地水源),而是高精度地瞄准了杂草群。地面上的传感器可以触发灌溉用水的流动,而且精度更高,从而能够保护水源。

工农业贸易组织设备制造商协会(Association of Equipment Manufacturers)的高级副总裁库尔特·布莱兹说,所有这些措施都使得在更少的土地上种植更多的粮食成为可能,这也能节约用水。

“在这个问题上没有什么灵丹妙药。技术只能解决其中一些挑战。”布莱兹说。“我们可以做到这一点。我们能够利用更少的资源来实现更大的产出。”

Cervest公司利用复杂的机器学习模型和庞大的数据仓库来评估企业资产面临的气候风险。该公司最近在横跨内华达州和亚利桑那州边界的胡佛大坝(Hoover Dam)上演示了其软件,帮助将科罗拉多河的河水输送给美国西南部4000多万人。

87年来,这座大坝一直是美国西南部“一切皆有可能”的繁荣前景的支柱。长期以来,科罗拉多河的河水一直冲刷着太平洋,使得冲浪者可以沿着洛杉矶海滩冲浪,形成的冰块让拉斯维加斯纸牌玩家的玻璃杯嘎嘎作响,灌溉着该地区广阔的牧场和农场。该大坝的水力发电沿着2700英里(约4345.23千米)长的铜线传输,使得洛杉矶县成为美国最大的制造业中心,截至2020年的GDP为7470亿美元。

Cervest公司的软件,称为EarthScan,能够在单个企业园区、工厂、配送中心、数据中心,甚至是像胡佛大坝这样的联邦基础设施的整体部分进行归零。然后,它利用人工智能技术,仔细研究PB级数据,以确定热浪、干旱、野火和洪水是否可能袭击这些资产。

EarthScan的人工智能技术在观察胡佛大坝时看到了什么?麻烦。

根据Cervest公司的数据模型,如果利用科罗拉多河资源的七个州继续像往常一样运作,胡佛大坝周围的“热应力”就将继续上升。该软件的算法目前给大坝的风险评级为“高”,并预计到2025年,该评级将飙升至“非常高”。

人工智能研究得出这一结论的数据中:美国最大的水库米德湖(Lake Mead)已经下降到前所未有的低点——大约是正常水平的三分之一,它是胡佛大坝使科罗拉多河在拉斯维加斯以东30英里(约48.28千米)的莫哈韦沙漠(Mojave Desert)上流动时形成的。位于科罗拉多河上的葛兰峡谷大坝(Glen Canyon Dam)形成的鲍威尔湖(Lake Powell)也缩小了。

胡佛大坝归纳税人所有,而不是私人利益。尽管如此,Cervest公司的首席运营官卡兰·乔普拉表示,目前的困境可能会给依赖胡佛大坝供水和供电的行业造成数十亿美元的损失。他说,美国西南地区进一步加剧的干旱可能会影响农业生产,导致供应链中断,生产线停滞。

事实上,乔普拉说,Cervest公司的75家客户都在使用其EarthScan软件,不仅用来监测自家建筑物的风险,还用来审查供应合作伙伴。他说,机构投资者正在使用该软件来评估其投资组合和潜在投资的风险。

“无处可藏”

今年3月,美国证券交易委员会(SEC)提出了新规定,要求上市公司在提交给美国证券交易委员会的文件中披露其面临的与气候相关的风险,尤其是与运营和财务有关的风险。拟议中的规定还将要求这些公司披露温室气体排放量。该机构在5月延长了提案的评议期。

“我们将无处可藏。”乔普拉在谈到外界对加大气候信息披露力度的期待时说。“我的建议是领先一步,把它当作获得竞争优势的机会。”

气候模型很复杂,难以解释,这项工作通常留给学者和其他专家,他们为政策制定者起草厚厚的报告,“这非常重要。”乔普拉表示。但他补充说,Cervest公司正在试图让这些模型易于应用于单个资产的投资组合,“这样我们都可以变得更聪明”。

他说,该软件能够根据不同的场景识别当前和潜在的风险。它可以突出显示早在1970年的气候风险模式,也能够预测远到2100年的未来风险。

乔普拉说:“想象一下,如果每个人都可以获得这种类型的智能应用。”他说,Cervest公司计划在不久的将来让人们更广泛地使用这款软件。“因为这实际上是我们在这个世界上开始谋划和为我们正在经历的和将要经历的事情做准备所需要的。”(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-王芳

Utah’s Great Salt Lake is drying up: Withering under the Southwestern U.S.’s worst drought in 1,200 years, the lake is now only a third its usual size and threatening to fill the air in nearby Salt Lake City with alarming levels of arsenic.

The risk, which a Republican state lawmaker in Utah recently called an “environmental nuclear bomb,” is just the kind of danger wrought by climate change that’s likely to discourage capital from flowing into the Southwest, costing private companies millions of dollars, said Matt Ellis, the CEO of Measurabl, which uses machine learning and vast amounts of data to help companies monitor their buildings’ climate emissions as well as energy and water use.

“You’re going to have a growth problem, a home value problem and a business problem,” he said, noting investors are likely to worry about building in Salt Lake City. “This goes really fast all the way through the capital stack of the real estate business, and we're seeing our customers literally start to change their buying and selling behavior because of it.”

Southwest’s water shortage and other climate-related events, which are increasingly frequent and severe, are accelerating demand for more accurate measures of climate change’s impact, said industry observers and executives at the companies providing these technologies. Companies across all sectors of the economy are increasingly turning to AI and data models like those offered by Measurabl to better assess how climate will threaten their operations and profits.

The impact of the drought reaches far beyond the real estate business: It has dried the Southwest’s major reservoirs to record lows, threatening crops, supply chains and manufacturing lines, experts said. The consumer staples sector, which includes food, beverage and non-durable household goods, could lose $200 billion as a result of water shortages alone, according to a note issued in June of last year by U.K. bank Barclays. Meanwhile, big tech companies, whose data centers are cooled by millions of gallons of fresh water each day, have had to promise deep water conservation measures as Southwestern cities pushed back against plans to build new cloud infrastructure.

Investors, insurance providers and creditors are relying more and more on climate data to make key strategic decisions, which is putting pressure on companies to identify, disclose and address climate-related risks.

Market research firm Gartner said sustainability efforts, known among corporations and investors as Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) initiatives, rank among corporate board of directors’ top three priorities for this year and 2023, according to a survey of boards conducted late last year. It didn’t have hard numbers illustrating growing private-sector adoption of AI and data technologies.

”There is a growing ecosystem of startups that are using AI and cloud services” for climate-related risk assessments,“ the market research firm said in a report published in December. “Use of machine learning and other AI techniques for climate change mitigation is already well underway.“

Microsoft is using data and machine learning models to both stanch the millions of gallons of water cooling its data centers and to help others identify and address water usage problems.

London-based Cervest said it uses machine learning and a vast array of data collected by satellites, weather stations and remote sensing methods to assess risks to a company’s portfolio of assets, including factories, corporate campuses, distribution and data centers.

Lotic Labs deploys similar technologies to monitor weather-related risk and translate that data into financial risk models.

The agriculture business, one of the world’s biggest consumers of freshwater, is also turning to AI to operate more efficiently, from field to grocery produce aisle.

Periods of drought have bedeviled the Southwestern U.S. for millennia, but this latest stretch of dry weather coupled with extreme heat has proved especially persistent – and perilous. Dry streaks lasting more than two decades are known as “megadroughts,“ and the drought drying up the Southwest is now rolling into its 22nd year.

Scientists say that’s in large part because of human-caused climate change, which is responsible for 42% of the lack of moisture in the region’s soil over the past two decades, according to a University of California, Los Angeles study published in February.

Federal officials announced last year that they were holding back water for the first time in the Colorado River Basin’s history, restricting water allocations to the states relying on the 1,450-mile waterway. Officials said in June that more restrictions may be on the way.

“It’s pretty bad,” said David Feldman, a political scientist who is the director of Water UCI, a water science and policy think tank at UC Irvine.

Growing global issue

“What we're seeing in the Southwest is becoming more globally common,” said Feldman, who also works as a government consultant on water issues and has written several books about water policy and management. “The unpredictability of precipitation, the growth in various demands for water, not just for agriculture but for urban use, for industry, for manufacturing–it's a problem that's becoming common worldwide.”

Insurance provider Swiss Re estimates drought, wildfire, flooding and other climate-related events will hack up to $23 trillion off global economic output–a reduction of between 11% and 14%--by 2050.

Figures like that are underscoring the need for more accurate climate-related financial models, which insurers can use to build better and more broadly available climate insurance products, said Valentina Fomenko, who advises the World Bank on environmental initiatives and is the founder and CEO of business consultancy Strategy DNA.

“There needs to be this shift in thinking about how we assess risk,” she said. “We need analytics to be able to project water availability and potentially translate that into financial terms.”

Insurance companies are already citing drought and wildfire risk as reasons to hike rates or cancel policies. And credit ratings firm S&P Global said in a report last year that water shortages are increasingly stunting industrial production and gutting companies’ access to capital.

The agriculture industry, one of the world’s biggest consumers of freshwater, is trying to stave off those problems and protect its crops by adopting more data- and AI-backed technologies.

Growers, who since the presidency of George Washington have relied on the Farmers Almanac's weather predictions to know when to plant crops, now turn to petabytes of data in the cloud, which AI models harness to make far-more-accurate predictions and automate a farm's operations.

Tractors drive themselves in razor-straight lines. Instead of spraying outsized expanses of cropland with pesticides that can run off into local water supplies, cameras equipped with computer vision target clusters of weeds with high precision. Sensors in the ground can trigger the flow of irrigation water, also with far greater precision, which preserves water supplies.

All of these measures make it possible to grow more food on less land, which also saves water, said Curt Blades, a senior vice president at the Association of Equipment Manufacturers, an industrial and agriculture trade group.

“There are no silver bullets on this. Technology is only going to go so far to solve some of these challenges,” Blades said. “We can manage it. We can do more with less.”

Cervest, which assesses climate risk to corporate assets using complex machine learning models and vast repositories of data, recently demonstrated its software by zeroing in on the Hoover Dam, which straddles the Nevada and Arizona border and helps channel the waters of the Colorado River to more than 40 million people across the Southwest.

For 87 years, the dam has been a pillar of the Southwest’s distinct anything’s-possible promise of prosperity. Colorado River waters have long rinsed the salty Pacific from surfers along Los Angeles beaches, formed the ice cubes rattling the glasses of Las Vegas card players and irrigated the region's sprawling ranches and farms. The dam’s hydropower-generated electricity, racing along 2,700 miles of copper transmission lines, has helped make Los Angeles County the U.S.'s top manufacturing center, with a GDP of $747 billion as of 2020.

Cervest's software, called EarthScan, can zero in on a single corporate campus, factory, distribution center, data center – or even a monolithic piece of federal infrastructure like the Hoover Dam. It then uses artificial intelligence, poring through petabytes of data, to determine whether heatwaves, drought, wildfires and flooding are likely to strike those assets.

What did EarthScan's AI see when it looked at the Hoover Dam? Trouble.

If the seven states tapping the Colorado River continue doing business as usual, according to Cervest's data models, "heat stress" around the Hoover Dam will keep rising. The software’s algorithms currently give the dam a risk rating of "high" and project that rating will spike to "very high" by 2025.

Among the data the AI examined to reach that conclusion: Lake Mead, the U.S.’s largest reservoir, which was created when the Hoover Dam sent the Colorado River sloshing over the Mojave Desert just 30 miles east of Las Vegas, has receded to unprecedented lows–about a third its normal level. Lake Powell, created by the Glen Canyon Dam, also on the Colorado, has similarly shrunk.

The Hoover Dam is owned by taxpayers, not private interests. Still, its current woes could cost billions of dollars to the industries that rely on it for water and power, said Karan Chopra, Cervest’s chief operations officer. A further-escalating Southwestern drought, he said, could plow under farming operations, choke supply chains and stall manufacturing lines.

In fact, he said, Cervest’s 75 customers are using its EarthScan software, not just to monitor risk to their own buildings, but to vet supply partners. Institutional investors, he said, are using the software to assess risk across their portfolios and prospective investments.

“No place to hide”

In March, the SEC proposed new rules that would require public companies to disclose in SEC filings the climate-related risks facing their enterprises, particularly where they relate to operations and finances. The proposed rules would also require those companies to reveal greenhouse gas emissions. The agency extended the comment period for proposals in May.

“There will be no place to hide,“ Chopra said of the expectations for increased climate disclosure. "My advice is to get ahead of it and use it as an opportunity for competitive advantage.”

Climate models are complex and difficult to interpret, and that work has typically been left to academics and other experts who draft thick reports for policymakers, “which is really important,“ Chopra said. But he added that Cervest is trying to make the models easy to apply across a portfolio of individual assets “so we can all get smarter."

The software, he said, can identify current and potential risks based on different scenarios. It can highlight climate risk patterns as far back as 1970 or project risks into the future as far as 2100, he said.

"Imagine if everybody has access to this intelligence," said Chopra, who said Cervest plans to make its software more broadly available in the near future. "Because that's actually what we need in the world to start planning and preparing for what we are living through and what we will be living through."

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