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粮食危机来临,美国农民如何渡过难关?

粮食危机来临,美国农民如何渡过难关?

MIKE JOHANNS,HEIDI HEITKAMP 2022-04-11
许多农业企业认为研究与开发税收抵免政策能够增加产量,解决全世界的饥荒问题。直觉告诉我们,面对一场全球粮食危机,不应该推迟提供这项优惠政策。

图片来源:法新社/盖蒂图片社

俄乌冲突正在对全球粮食供应和农业生产造成深远影响。

俄罗斯和乌克兰供应了全世界超过30%的小麦、接近30%的大麦、约15%的玉米和超过70%的葵花油。

别忘了,到目前为止已经有数以百万计的乌克兰民众逃离祖国,他们迫切需要稳定的粮食供应。

乌克兰即将迎来播种季节,但你很难想象在一个战火肆虐的国家粮食能有好收成,即使现在依旧可以向乌克兰提供必要的种子和化肥。

制裁措施几乎停止了俄罗斯与世界其他国家的贸易往来,与此同时俄罗斯也暂停向其他国家出口化肥。俄罗斯目前供应了全世界14%的尿素和21%的碳酸钾。生产氮肥成本最高的原材料天然气很大一部分来自俄罗斯。

实质上,在可以预见的未来,俄罗斯化肥市场将继续关闭。虽然美国农民不从俄罗斯购买化肥或原材料,但其他依赖俄罗斯的国家必定要开始向美国供应商采购,这将会推动价格进一步上涨。

在这些新挑战出现之前,全球农业已经经历了长达两年的困难时期。干旱导致全球许多地区农业减产。现在,日益减少的粮食库存和飙升的化肥价格等问题,因为乌克兰战争的严重影响日益加剧。

而这恰好证明美国的粮食安全对于国家安全的重要性。关键是,美国应该举全国之力支持农业生产,巩固其作为全球粮食供应国的地位。

一场全球粮食危机已经初现端倪,它所产生的连锁反应会影响美国消费者,这并非夸大其词。解决这场危机的重担落在了美国农场主和牧场主肩上,而他们需要联邦政府的帮助以应对这些挑战。

现在,美国总统和国会应该行动起来。农场主和牧场主们需要利用技术和创新调整经营方式,而华盛顿可以给他们带来真正的帮助。

例如,许多农业企业认为研究与开发税收抵免政策能够增加产量,解决全世界的饥饿问题。他们享受这项优惠政策的条件很简单,只需要调整日常活动提高产量,例如试验不同类型的化肥和灌溉技术,或在工作中应用新技术等。虽然研发税收抵免是目前农业可以享受到的最大的永久性激励政策,但它需要根据国际局势扩大覆盖范围。

最近的摊销延迟大幅削弱了这项优惠政策的效果。以前,农业企业可以在发生研发支出的年份申请全额抵扣,但现在进行研发投入的农民需要五年后才能看到全部财务收益。

直觉告诉我们,现在不应该推迟发放这项福利,尤其是整个行业已经因为化肥和燃料成本上涨背负沉重负担的情况下。作为补救措施,美国国会必须改变之前的做法,并允许一部分化肥和燃料成本以及新技术投资有资格享受研发税收抵免。

除了提供财务支持以外,美国还急需认识到其在帮助全世界解决饥荒问题过程中所扮演的重要角色。美国一直致力于为本国农场主和牧场主创造贸易机会和打造公平的竞争环境,这些工作卓有成效,现在更不应该放弃。

尤其是在战争时期,不能让农民怀疑他们为增加农作物产量投入的大量资金是否值得。七国集团的农业部长最近表示,他们决定“采取必要措施防止和应对粮食危机”,这是非常明智的做法。

我们希望美国政府能够与农业产业携手应对这场危机,再次向全世界展示美国农民的真正实力。(财富中文网)

本文作者迈克·约翰斯现任alliantgroup公司农业部门主席。他曾在2005至2007年期间担任美国农业部长,1999年至2005年曾任内布拉斯加州州长,2009年至2015年期间担任该州的联邦参议员。

本文作者海迪·海特坎普现任alliantgroup农业部总监。她曾在2013年至2019年期间任北达科他州议员,也是该州首位当选的女性联邦参议员。

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

俄乌冲突正在对全球粮食供应和农业生产造成深远影响。

俄罗斯和乌克兰供应了全世界超过30%的小麦、接近30%的大麦、约15%的玉米和超过70%的葵花油。

别忘了,到目前为止已经有数以百万计的乌克兰民众逃离祖国,他们迫切需要稳定的粮食供应。

乌克兰即将迎来播种季节,但你很难想象在一个战火肆虐的国家粮食能有好收成,即使现在依旧可以向乌克兰提供必要的种子和化肥。

制裁措施几乎停止了俄罗斯与世界其他国家的贸易往来,与此同时俄罗斯也暂停向其他国家出口化肥。俄罗斯目前供应了全世界14%的尿素和21%的碳酸钾。生产氮肥成本最高的原材料天然气很大一部分来自俄罗斯。

实质上,在可以预见的未来,俄罗斯化肥市场将继续关闭。虽然美国农民不从俄罗斯购买化肥或原材料,但其他依赖俄罗斯的国家必定要开始向美国供应商采购,这将会推动价格进一步上涨。

在这些新挑战出现之前,全球农业已经经历了长达两年的困难时期。干旱导致全球许多地区农业减产。现在,日益减少的粮食库存和飙升的化肥价格等问题,因为乌克兰战争的严重影响日益加剧。

而这恰好证明美国的粮食安全对于国家安全的重要性。关键是,美国应该举全国之力支持农业生产,巩固其作为全球粮食供应国的地位。

一场全球粮食危机已经初现端倪,它所产生的连锁反应会影响美国消费者,这并非夸大其词。解决这场危机的重担落在了美国农场主和牧场主肩上,而他们需要联邦政府的帮助以应对这些挑战。

现在,美国总统和国会应该行动起来。农场主和牧场主们需要利用技术和创新调整经营方式,而华盛顿可以给他们带来真正的帮助。

例如,许多农业企业认为研究与开发税收抵免政策能够增加产量,解决全世界的饥饿问题。他们享受这项优惠政策的条件很简单,只需要调整日常活动提高产量,例如试验不同类型的化肥和灌溉技术,或在工作中应用新技术等。虽然研发税收抵免是目前农业可以享受到的最大的永久性激励政策,但它需要根据国际局势扩大覆盖范围。

最近的摊销延迟大幅削弱了这项优惠政策的效果。以前,农业企业可以在发生研发支出的年份申请全额抵扣,但现在进行研发投入的农民需要五年后才能看到全部财务收益。

直觉告诉我们,现在不应该推迟发放这项福利,尤其是整个行业已经因为化肥和燃料成本上涨背负沉重负担的情况下。作为补救措施,美国国会必须改变之前的做法,并允许一部分化肥和燃料成本以及新技术投资有资格享受研发税收抵免。

除了提供财务支持以外,美国还急需认识到其在帮助全世界解决饥荒问题过程中所扮演的重要角色。美国一直致力于为本国农场主和牧场主创造贸易机会和打造公平的竞争环境,这些工作卓有成效,现在更不应该放弃。

尤其是在战争时期,不能让农民怀疑他们为增加农作物产量投入的大量资金是否值得。七国集团的农业部长最近表示,他们决定“采取必要措施防止和应对粮食危机”,这是非常明智的做法。

我们希望美国政府能够与农业产业携手应对这场危机,再次向全世界展示美国农民的真正实力。(财富中文网)

本文作者迈克·约翰斯现任alliantgroup公司农业部门主席。他曾在2005至2007年期间担任美国农业部长,1999年至2005年曾任内布拉斯加州州长,2009年至2015年期间担任该州的联邦参议员。

本文作者海迪·海特坎普现任alliantgroup农业部总监。她曾在2013年至2019年期间任北达科他州议员,也是该州首位当选的女性联邦参议员。

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

The war in Ukraine is impacting the global food supply and agricultural production in a profound and lasting way.

Together, Russia and Ukraine provide over 30% of the world's wheat supply, just under 30% of the world's barley supplies, about 15% of the global corn supply, and over 70% of the world's sunflower oil.

We also can’t forget that so far, millions of Ukrainian citizens have fled their country and are desperately in need of a stable food supply.

Planting season is right around the corner for Ukraine, but it’s hard to imagine a good crop yield in the war-torn country, even if it was possible to deliver the necessary seeds and fertilizer.

Sanctions are rightfully closing Russia's trade with the rest of the world, and Russia has simultaneously suspended fertilizer sales to other countries. They currently supply about 14% of the worldwide urea market and 21% of the potash market. A significant portion of natural gas, the most expensive part of producing nitrogen fertilizers, comes from Russia.

For all intents and purposes, the Russian fertilizer market is closed for the foreseeable future. Although American farmers do not buy fertilizer or ingredients from Russia, countries that do will have to start buying from U.S. suppliers, which will force prices even higher.

All these new challenges come after two difficult years for agriculture. Drought has strained food production in many parts of the world. Now, dwindling grain stocks and skyrocketing fertilizer prices are all being dramatically aggravated by the war in Ukraine.

There has never been a clearer example of U.S. food security being critical to national security. It is crucial that we as a nation rally our resources to support agricultural production and step into our role as a worldwide food supplier.

It is not an overstatement to say we’re in the early stages of a global food crisis and that its ripple effect will be felt by U.S. consumers. The burden of solving this crisis will fall on the shoulders of the American farmer and rancher, and they will need help from the federal government to meet these challenges.

Now is the time for the president and Congress to act. Farmers and ranchers need to use technology and innovation to adapt their operations—and Washington can truly be their partner in this effort.

For example, many agriculture businesses are claiming the Research and Development Tax Credit to increase production and feed a hungry world. They can qualify for this benefit by simply adapting their daily activities to improve yield and production, such as experimenting with different types of fertilizer and irrigation techniques or integrating new technologies into their workflow. While the R&D tax credit is currently the largest permanent incentive available to the agriculture industry, it needs expansion to account for what is happening on the world stage.

The recent amortization delay has also made this benefit far less effective. Agricultural businesses used to be able to claim the full deduction during the year they incurred R&D expenses, but now farmers who invest in research and development won’t see these full financial returns for five years.

Delaying this benefit is highly counterintuitive, especially when the industry is already saddled with skyrocketing fertilizer and fuel costs. To remedy this, Congress must revert to its prior protocol, as well as allow a portion of fertilizer, fuel costs, and new technology investments to qualify for the R&D tax credit.

Aside from bolstering financial resources, it’s imperative that our nation understands its significant role in feeding the world. This is not the time to retreat from the good work that has been done in opening trade opportunities and leveling the playing field for farmers and ranchers in the U.S.

Especially in this time of war, we can't leave farmers questioning whether their heavy investments to increase crop yields are worth the risk. G7 agriculture ministers said it best when they stated recently that they are determined to “do what is necessary to prevent and respond to a food crisis.”

It is our hope that Washington will join the agriculture industry in this effort and show the world, once again, the true strength of the American farmer.

Mike Johanns is the chairman of agriculture at alliantgroup. Johanns served as the U.S. secretary of agriculture from 2005–2007 as well as the governor of Nebraska from 1999–2005 and the state’s U.S. senator from 2009–2015.

Heidi Heitkamp is the director of agriculture at alliantgroup. Heitkamp represented North Dakota from 2013 to 2019 and was the first woman ever elected to represent the state as a U.S. senator.

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