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三位首席执行官发出警告:燃料危机将愈演愈烈,成为真正的噩梦

三位首席执行官发出警告:燃料危机将愈演愈烈,成为真正的噩梦

Tristan Bove 2022-03-31
与俄罗斯的贸易中断使欧洲受到最严重的冲击。

油价波动给全球经济造成了严重破坏,但专家们警告称,这与近在眼前的柴油短缺相比不值一提。

自从俄罗斯在今年2月底对乌克兰发动军事行动以来,西方国家对俄罗斯实施制裁,私营石油天然气公司纷纷退出俄罗斯市场,导致全球能源市场陷入持续波动。

与俄罗斯的贸易中断使欧洲受到最严重的冲击。俄罗斯是欧洲最大的燃料供应国。3月22日,在瑞士举行的《金融时报》(Financial Times)年度大宗商品全球峰会(Commodities Global Summit)上,三家主要大宗商品贸易公司的首席执行官表示,现在欧洲可能面临史无前例的柴油短缺。

能源贸易公司维多集团(Vitol Group)的首席执行官拉塞尔·哈迪在会上说:“欧洲的柴油进口约一半来自俄罗斯,还有约一半来自中东。柴油的系统性短缺即将发生。”

首席执行官们警告称,柴油短缺所导致的极端状况,可能导致今年剩余时间供应持续减少,欧盟成员国政府将不得不实行定量供应。

大宗商品贸易公司托克(Trafigura)的首席执行官杰里米·魏尔在峰会上表示:“柴油市场目前极其紧张,未来会变得更紧张。”

大宗商品企业集团贡渥集团(Gunvor Group)的首席执行官托尔比约恩·托恩奎斯特预测,到明年之前,欧洲将维持较低的能源供应,并认为能源市场目前“已陷入瘫痪”。

他说:“这是一个全球性问题,但欧洲的短缺情况非常严重,因此其处境异常艰难。”

欧洲用于精炼柴油的外部原油,约三分之二依赖俄罗斯进口。俄乌冲突暴露出欧洲对俄罗斯能源的过度依赖。

欧洲将感受到柴油短缺的影响,但随着石油天然气储备水平达到危险的低点,包括美国在内,世界各国都在呼吁节约燃料。3月25日,全球能源监管机构国际能源署(International Energy Agency)发布了一系列应对石油天然气短缺的策略,包括无车星期日和降低高速公路车速等,这让人不由回想起20世纪70年代石油危机期间采取的措施。

在美国,柴油主要用于农业和建筑设备,但欧洲的许多普通公路车辆都以柴油为燃料。2019年,欧洲42%的车辆为柴油车。据欧洲汽车制造商协会(European Automobile Manufacturers Association)统计,西班牙、爱尔兰、法国和奥地利等国柴油车的比例更高,一多半的汽车都需要使用柴油。

据《金融时报》报道,研究咨询公司Energy Aspects的首席石油分析师阿姆里塔·森指出,欧洲每天从俄罗斯进口约100万桶柴油。森也曾经在峰会上发言。她认为柴油是欧洲市场“到目前为止受影响最严重的”石油产品。

此前曾经有预测认为欧盟新出台的碳排放规定和碳税政策,将使欧洲柴油价格在一段时间内上涨,但俄乌冲突和供应短缺已经导致英国和欧盟的柴油价格飙升至历史新高。

为了应对柴油供应短缺的影响,欧盟正在寻找新的供应来源。欧洲正在与中东和亚洲国家协调增加柴油贸易,而欧美之间正常的贸易方向也在发生逆转,最近有两艘美国油轮离开纽约港口,将70万桶柴油运往欧洲。(财富中文网)

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

油价波动给全球经济造成了严重破坏,但专家们警告称,这与近在眼前的柴油短缺相比不值一提。

自从俄罗斯在今年2月底对乌克兰发动军事行动以来,西方国家对俄罗斯实施制裁,私营石油天然气公司纷纷退出俄罗斯市场,导致全球能源市场陷入持续波动。

与俄罗斯的贸易中断使欧洲受到最严重的冲击。俄罗斯是欧洲最大的燃料供应国。3月22日,在瑞士举行的《金融时报》(Financial Times)年度大宗商品全球峰会(Commodities Global Summit)上,三家主要大宗商品贸易公司的首席执行官表示,现在欧洲可能面临史无前例的柴油短缺。

能源贸易公司维多集团(Vitol Group)的首席执行官拉塞尔·哈迪在会上说:“欧洲的柴油进口约一半来自俄罗斯,还有约一半来自中东。柴油的系统性短缺即将发生。”

首席执行官们警告称,柴油短缺所导致的极端状况,可能导致今年剩余时间供应持续减少,欧盟成员国政府将不得不实行定量供应。

大宗商品贸易公司托克(Trafigura)的首席执行官杰里米·魏尔在峰会上表示:“柴油市场目前极其紧张,未来会变得更紧张。”

大宗商品企业集团贡渥集团(Gunvor Group)的首席执行官托尔比约恩·托恩奎斯特预测,到明年之前,欧洲将维持较低的能源供应,并认为能源市场目前“已陷入瘫痪”。

他说:“这是一个全球性问题,但欧洲的短缺情况非常严重,因此其处境异常艰难。”

欧洲用于精炼柴油的外部原油,约三分之二依赖俄罗斯进口。俄乌冲突暴露出欧洲对俄罗斯能源的过度依赖。

欧洲将感受到柴油短缺的影响,但随着石油天然气储备水平达到危险的低点,包括美国在内,世界各国都在呼吁节约燃料。3月25日,全球能源监管机构国际能源署(International Energy Agency)发布了一系列应对石油天然气短缺的策略,包括无车星期日和降低高速公路车速等,这让人不由回想起20世纪70年代石油危机期间采取的措施。

在美国,柴油主要用于农业和建筑设备,但欧洲的许多普通公路车辆都以柴油为燃料。2019年,欧洲42%的车辆为柴油车。据欧洲汽车制造商协会(European Automobile Manufacturers Association)统计,西班牙、爱尔兰、法国和奥地利等国柴油车的比例更高,一多半的汽车都需要使用柴油。

据《金融时报》报道,研究咨询公司Energy Aspects的首席石油分析师阿姆里塔·森指出,欧洲每天从俄罗斯进口约100万桶柴油。森也曾经在峰会上发言。她认为柴油是欧洲市场“到目前为止受影响最严重的”石油产品。

此前曾经有预测认为欧盟新出台的碳排放规定和碳税政策,将使欧洲柴油价格在一段时间内上涨,但俄乌冲突和供应短缺已经导致英国和欧盟的柴油价格飙升至历史新高。

为了应对柴油供应短缺的影响,欧盟正在寻找新的供应来源。欧洲正在与中东和亚洲国家协调增加柴油贸易,而欧美之间正常的贸易方向也在发生逆转,最近有两艘美国油轮离开纽约港口,将70万桶柴油运往欧洲。(财富中文网)

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

Volatile oil prices are hurting every corner of the global economy, but experts warn that it's nothing compared to the looming diesel shortage.

Since Russian President Vladimir Putin’s invasion of Ukraine at the end of February, global energy markets have spun into endlessly volatile territory as Western nations imposed sanctions on Russia and private oil and gas companies backed out of the country.

Europe has been hardest hit by the disrupted trade flows with Russia, which was the continent’s largest provider of fuel. Now it might be facing an unprecedented diesel shortage, the CEOs of three leading commodity trading companies said on March 22 at the Financial Times’ annual Commodities Global Summit in Switzerland.

“Europe imports about half of its diesel from Russia and about half of its diesel from the Middle East,” Russell Hardy, CEO of energy trading company Vitol Group, said at the conference. “That systemic shortfall of diesel is there.”

Executives warned that extreme conditions caused by that shortage could lead to dwindling supply for the rest of the year, requiring fuel rationing from EU governments.

“The diesel market is extremely tight. It’s going to get tighter,” Jeremy Weir, CEO of commodity trading house Trafigura, said at the summit.

Torbjörn Törnqvist, CEO of commodity conglomerate Gunvor Group, also predicted that Europe’s energy supplies could remain low until next year, calling the energy market “paralyzed” at the moment.

“This is a global problem, but for Europe it’s very hard because Europe is so short,” Törnqvist said.

Europe imports roughly two-thirds of all its external crude oil, which is refined to make diesel, from Russia. And the conflict in Ukraine has exposed Europe’s extreme reliance on Russian fuel.

Europe will feel the sting of a diesel shortage, but measures to conserve fuel are being advised everywhere, including the U.S., as oil and gas reserves reach dangerously low levels. On March 25, the International Energy Agency, a global energy watchdog, prescribed a set of strategies to cope with oil and gas shortages reminiscent of the steps taken during the 1970s oil crisis, including car-free Sundays and reduced speed limits on highways.

In the U.S., diesel fuel is mainly used for farm and construction equipment, but in Europe, many normal road cars use diesel. In 2019, 42% of vehicles in Europe utilized diesel fuel. In some countries, such as Spain, Ireland, France, and Austria, that number was even higher, according to the European Automobile Manufacturers Association, and well over half of all cars required diesel.

Europe imports around 1 million barrels a day of Russian diesel, according to Amrita Sen, chief oil analyst at research and consultancy firm Energy Aspects, who also spoke at the summit, the Financial Times reported. Sen called diesel “by far the worst affected” of oil products for European markets.

Diesel prices in Europe had already been projected to rise for some time due to new EU regulations and taxes on carbon emissions, but the Ukraine invasion and supply shortage has already sent them soaring to record highs in the U.K. and the EU.

Amid the shortage, the EU is now hunting for new sources of diesel to weather the storm. Europe is coordinating to increase diesel trade flows with Middle Eastern and Asian nations, and in a reversal of normal trade directions, two U.S. fuel tankers recently left port in New York carrying 700,000 barrels of diesel to Europe.

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