立即打开
美国出现“德尔塔+奥密克戎”超级变种病毒

美国出现“德尔塔+奥密克戎”超级变种病毒

Erin Prater 2022-03-15
新冠病毒正在逐渐感染动物,有可能传回人类,造成更多的突变。

2020年5月20日,在巴西圣保罗一家前男子医院的重症监护室(ICU)里,医生检查一名新冠肺炎患者后开始救治,该医院已经被改造成收治新冠肺炎患者的战地医院。图片来源:MARIO TAMA—GETTY IMAGES

据研究网站medRxiv在3月12日发表的一项新研究显示,自今年1月以来,美国加州的一家实验室发现了两例新冠病毒变体“德尔塔克戎”(Deltacron),这意味着美国可能已经出现了新变体。

美国疾控中心(U.S. Centers for Disease Control)下属 Helix 实验室位于加州圣马特奥,在对2021年11月到今年2月期间的近3万份美国人新冠阳性样本进行测序时,发现了两例独特的德尔塔和奥密克戎重组体。该研究发表在由耶鲁大学(Yale University)和《英国医学杂志》(The British Medical Journal)联合创立的预印本服务器上,该论文尚未经同行评审。

研究称,德尔塔和奥密克戎重组体(具有德尔塔和奥密克戎变体特征的新型冠状病毒基因组,被称为重组体)非常罕见。该研究补充称,还没有发现该突变比高传染性的奥密克戎更容易传播的证据。

此外,该研究发现了20例同时感染德尔塔和奥密克戎的病例,其中包括一例少量重组病毒感染病例。研究作者称,目前正在审查的另一项研究中已经报告了两例混合感染病例。

塞浦路斯大学(University of Cyprus)的病毒学家莱昂迪奥斯·科斯特里基斯博士于1月7日宣布,已经鉴定出几种所谓的德尔塔克戎重组体。《自然》杂志(Nature)在1月21日刊登的《德尔塔克戎:并不是变体》(Deltacron: the story of the variant that wasn't)的文章宣称,他的团队当天将25个序列上传至全球共享流感数据倡议组织(GISAID)数据库,几天后又上传了27个序列,GISAID是一家追踪新冠病毒和流感病毒变化的国际研究机构。

次日,彭博社(Bloomberg)报道了这个消息。一夜之间,德尔塔克戎成了国际新闻。

然而,一些专家提醒道,德尔塔和奥密克戎重组病毒不可能这么快出现。多位专家坚持认为,发现的序列并不是重组体,序列很可能是实验室污染导致。

但是质疑者错了。世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)的新冠病毒技术负责人、传染病流行病学家玛丽亚·范·科尔霍夫博士在3月9日的媒体吹风会上承认,确实存在德尔塔(也称AY.4)和奥密克戎(也称BA.1)的混合体。

她说,在法国、荷兰和丹麦已经发现了突变,并补充称发现的病毒量“非常少”,同时表示该突变并不令人意外。

“由于感染规模庞大,奥密克戎和德尔塔都导致了大量感染,新变体出现在意料之中。”她说。

“病毒就是这样,过一段时间就会变异。”

此外,新冠病毒正在逐渐感染动物,有可能传回人类,造成更多的突变。

“所以,再强调一次,新冠疫情还远没有结束。”她说。“不能让病毒猛烈传播。”

曾经在哈佛大学(Harvard University)学习的科罗拉多学院(Colorado College)的微生物学教授菲比·洛斯特罗博士表示,病毒重组很常见。科罗拉多学院是位于科罗拉多斯普林斯的私立文理学院。

包括细菌、病毒、真菌和原生动物在内的微生物“进化得比人类快,因为能够在非常短的时间内繁殖。”她说。

流感就是典型的例子。

“有趣的是,1918-1919年大流感已经过去这么多年,之后每一次全球性(流感)疫情中,病毒都至少带一些当年的基因。”她说。

作者声称,Helix研究的发现基本不可能因为污染或技术人为因素,他们引用了不同日期对混合染样本的重新测序和处理流程,还有其他证据。

3月8日发表在《临床调查杂志》(The Journal of Clinical Investigation)的一项研究发现,有证据表明,西班牙五名完全接种疫苗的新冠肺炎患者感染了2020年年底席卷英国的阿尔法变体毒株,该变体具有德尔塔+(Delta Plus)、约塔 (Iota)和奥密克戎的特征。

目前,“德尔塔克戎”只是媒体用词。科学家们还没有正式命名。世界卫生组织和美国疾控中心均未将其列为受关注的变体。(财富中文网)

译者:梁宇

审校:夏林

据研究网站medRxiv在3月12日发表的一项新研究显示,自今年1月以来,美国加州的一家实验室发现了两例新冠病毒变体“德尔塔克戎”(Deltacron),这意味着美国可能已经出现了新变体。

美国疾控中心(U.S. Centers for Disease Control)下属 Helix 实验室位于加州圣马特奥,在对2021年11月到今年2月期间的近3万份美国人新冠阳性样本进行测序时,发现了两例独特的德尔塔和奥密克戎重组体。该研究发表在由耶鲁大学(Yale University)和《英国医学杂志》(The British Medical Journal)联合创立的预印本服务器上,该论文尚未经同行评审。

研究称,德尔塔和奥密克戎重组体(具有德尔塔和奥密克戎变体特征的新型冠状病毒基因组,被称为重组体)非常罕见。该研究补充称,还没有发现该突变比高传染性的奥密克戎更容易传播的证据。

此外,该研究发现了20例同时感染德尔塔和奥密克戎的病例,其中包括一例少量重组病毒感染病例。研究作者称,目前正在审查的另一项研究中已经报告了两例混合感染病例。

塞浦路斯大学(University of Cyprus)的病毒学家莱昂迪奥斯·科斯特里基斯博士于1月7日宣布,已经鉴定出几种所谓的德尔塔克戎重组体。《自然》杂志(Nature)在1月21日刊登的《德尔塔克戎:并不是变体》(Deltacron: the story of the variant that wasn't)的文章宣称,他的团队当天将25个序列上传至全球共享流感数据倡议组织(GISAID)数据库,几天后又上传了27个序列,GISAID是一家追踪新冠病毒和流感病毒变化的国际研究机构。

次日,彭博社(Bloomberg)报道了这个消息。一夜之间,德尔塔克戎成了国际新闻。

然而,一些专家提醒道,德尔塔和奥密克戎重组病毒不可能这么快出现。多位专家坚持认为,发现的序列并不是重组体,序列很可能是实验室污染导致。

但是质疑者错了。世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)的新冠病毒技术负责人、传染病流行病学家玛丽亚·范·科尔霍夫博士在3月9日的媒体吹风会上承认,确实存在德尔塔(也称AY.4)和奥密克戎(也称BA.1)的混合体。

她说,在法国、荷兰和丹麦已经发现了突变,并补充称发现的病毒量“非常少”,同时表示该突变并不令人意外。

“由于感染规模庞大,奥密克戎和德尔塔都导致了大量感染,新变体出现在意料之中。”她说。

“病毒就是这样,过一段时间就会变异。”

此外,新冠病毒正在逐渐感染动物,有可能传回人类,造成更多的突变。

“所以,再强调一次,新冠疫情还远没有结束。”她说。“不能让病毒猛烈传播。”

曾经在哈佛大学(Harvard University)学习的科罗拉多学院(Colorado College)的微生物学教授菲比·洛斯特罗博士表示,病毒重组很常见。科罗拉多学院是位于科罗拉多斯普林斯的私立文理学院。

包括细菌、病毒、真菌和原生动物在内的微生物“进化得比人类快,因为能够在非常短的时间内繁殖。”她说。

流感就是典型的例子。

“有趣的是,1918-1919年大流感已经过去这么多年,之后每一次全球性(流感)疫情中,病毒都至少带一些当年的基因。”她说。

作者声称,Helix研究的发现基本不可能因为污染或技术人为因素,他们引用了不同日期对混合染样本的重新测序和处理流程,还有其他证据。

3月8日发表在《临床调查杂志》(The Journal of Clinical Investigation)的一项研究发现,有证据表明,西班牙五名完全接种疫苗的新冠肺炎患者感染了2020年年底席卷英国的阿尔法变体毒株,该变体具有德尔塔+(Delta Plus)、约塔 (Iota)和奥密克戎的特征。

目前,“德尔塔克戎”只是媒体用词。科学家们还没有正式命名。世界卫生组织和美国疾控中心均未将其列为受关注的变体。(财富中文网)

译者:梁宇

审校:夏林

The so-called "Deltacron" COVID variant appears to be present in the U.S., with two cases identified by a California-based lab since January, according to a new study published on March 12 to research site medRxiv.

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control-affiliated lab Helix, based in San Mateo, Calif., found two unique cases of Delta-Omicron hybrids when sequencing nearly 30,000 positive COVID samples obtained from U.S. individuals between November and February, according to the study, published to a preprint server for health sciences papers that haven't yet been peer reviewed, cofounded by Yale University and The British Medical Journal.

The Delta-Omicron hybrids—SARS-CoV-2 genomes with features of both Delta and Omicron variants of COVID, known as recombinants—are rare, according to the study, which added that there is no evidence such mutations spread more easily than the highly transmissible Omicron.

Additionally, the study identified 20 cases in which individuals were infected with both Delta and Omicron at the same time, including one such case that included a low level of recombinant virus. Two cases of coinfection have already been reported in another study currently under review, the study's authors stated.

Dr. Leondios Kostrikis, a virologist at the University of Cyprus, announced Jan. 7 that he had identified several so-called Deltacron recombinants. His team uploaded 25 of the sequences to GISAID, an international research organization that tracks changes in COVID and the flu virus, that day, and 27 more a few days later, according to a Jan. 21 Nature piece titled "Deltacron: the story of the variant that wasn't."

The next day, Bloomberg picked up the news. Overnight, the so-called Deltacron became an international story.

Not so fast, some experts cautioned, with many insisting that a recombinant hadn't been born, but that the sequences discovered were the likely product of laboratory contamination.

But the naysayers were wrong. World Health Organization COVID-19 technical lead Dr. Maria Van Kerkhove, an infectious disease epidemiologist, addressed the variant at a March 9 media briefing, acknowledging the existence of the blend of Delta, also known as AY.4, and Omicron, also known as BA.1.

It had been identified in France, the Netherlands, and Denmark, she said, adding that levels of detection were "very low" and that such mutations come as no surprise.

"This is something that is to be expected, given the large amount of circulation, the intense amount of circulation we saw with both Omicron and Delta," she said.

"This is what viruses do. They change over time."

Additionally, COVID is infecting animals, with possibility of infecting humans again, creating additional chances for mutations.

"So, again, this pandemic is far from over," she said. "We cannot allow this virus to spread at such an intense level."

The development of recombinants is common among viruses, said Dr. Phoebe Lostroh, a Harvard-trained microbiology professor at Colorado College, a private liberal arts college in Colorado Springs.

Microbes—which include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa—"evolve faster than we do because they can reproduce in such a short time," she said.

Case in point: the flu.

"The interesting thing is that every global (flu) pandemic since 1918 has had at least some genes from the flu pandemic of 1918-1919, all these years later," she said.

The Helix study's findings are highly unlikely to have been caused by contamination or technical artifacts, the authors asserted, citing resequencing and the processing of co-infected samples on different days, among other evidence.

A study published on March 8 in The Journal of Clinical Investigation found evidence of five fully vaccinated Spanish COVID patients with breakthrough infections of the Alpha variant, which swept the United Kingdom in late 2020, with features of the Delta Plus, Iota, and Omicron variants.

"Deltacron" is a media portmanteau. Scientists and have not yet officially named the variant. Neither the World Health Organization nor the CDC has named it a variant of concern.

热读文章
热门视频
扫描二维码下载财富APP