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俄罗斯最早将于4月出现债务违约

俄罗斯最早将于4月出现债务违约

Tristan Bove 2022-03-10
近期的一份报告指出,随着西方国家的制裁和俄罗斯经济衰退的说法甚嚣尘上,俄罗斯经济正在逐步滑入危险的违约区间。

俄罗斯的经济非常脆弱,可能很快发生外国债务违约,并且分析师将其与委内瑞拉相提并论。

摩根士丹利(Morgan Stanley)的全球新兴市场主权信用策略主管西蒙·瓦弗在3月7日发布的一份报告中警告,随着西方国家的制裁和俄罗斯经济衰退的说法甚嚣尘上,俄罗斯经济正在逐步滑入危险的违约区间。

瓦弗写道:“我们认为俄罗斯主权债务违约是最有可能发生的情况。”他预测俄罗斯最早可能在4月15日违约,这是俄罗斯政府支付美元债券票息30天宽限期结束的日期。这些债券将在2023年和2043年到期。

瓦弗将俄罗斯可能发生的违约规模,与委内瑞拉相提并论。委内瑞拉是另外一个因为西方国家制裁而发生债务违约的国家。“一旦俄罗斯发生违约,不太可能是正常的违约,最有可能与委内瑞拉的情况类似。”

彭博社(Bloomberg)此前报道了瓦弗的报告。彭博社指出,委内瑞拉自2019年开始发生债务违约,当时其国有石油公司PDVSA有数百亿美元利息支付逾期。2019年,时任美国总统唐纳德·特朗普试图将尼古拉斯·马杜罗总统赶下台,因此对委内瑞拉执行了一系列制裁措施,导致委内瑞拉的石油生产放缓,随后发生了债务违约。

美国和欧盟对俄罗斯采取了一系列经济制裁措施,并严重限制了俄罗斯的海外经营能力,包括禁止多家俄罗斯银行利用国际支付体系SWIFT。

但对俄罗斯经济影响最大的是3月8日有媒体报道,美国将禁止进口俄罗斯石油,欧盟也在酝酿类似的限制措施,这与当初欧美对委内瑞拉的制裁如出一辙。

俄罗斯是欧盟原油和天然气的主要供应商,欧盟一直在努力填补失去俄罗斯能源之后出现的缺口。3月8日,欧盟公布了多项措施,今年将减少三分之二俄罗斯天然气进口,包括增加从欧洲其他国家、非洲、中东和中亚等地区的天然气和液化天然气进口。

瓦弗指出,俄罗斯和委内瑞拉都有大量石油资产,但只要制裁没有解除,这些资产就无法发挥作用。自制裁生效以来,委内瑞拉陷入了无止境的经济危机,而马杜罗也将解除制裁作为其外交政策的关键部分。

一个国家发生债务违约的原因可能是无力偿还或不愿意偿还债务。瓦弗指出,为了应对西方制裁,俄罗斯可能会故意决定推迟偿还债务,但他也承认,在目前的制裁框架下,美国的银行是否获准接受俄罗斯的票息支付仍然存在不确定性。

摩根大通(JPMorgan)的分析师曾经在今年3月初警告,西方的制裁将导致俄罗斯发生国际债务违约。

分析师在3月2日提供给客户的报告中写道:“制裁[……]大幅提高了俄罗斯政府硬通货债券违约的可能性。”(财富中文网)

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

俄罗斯的经济非常脆弱,可能很快发生外国债务违约,并且分析师将其与委内瑞拉相提并论。

摩根士丹利(Morgan Stanley)的全球新兴市场主权信用策略主管西蒙·瓦弗在3月7日发布的一份报告中警告,随着西方国家的制裁和俄罗斯经济衰退的说法甚嚣尘上,俄罗斯经济正在逐步滑入危险的违约区间。

瓦弗写道:“我们认为俄罗斯主权债务违约是最有可能发生的情况。”他预测俄罗斯最早可能在4月15日违约,这是俄罗斯政府支付美元债券票息30天宽限期结束的日期。这些债券将在2023年和2043年到期。

瓦弗将俄罗斯可能发生的违约规模,与委内瑞拉相提并论。委内瑞拉是另外一个因为西方国家制裁而发生债务违约的国家。“一旦俄罗斯发生违约,不太可能是正常的违约,最有可能与委内瑞拉的情况类似。”

彭博社(Bloomberg)此前报道了瓦弗的报告。彭博社指出,委内瑞拉自2019年开始发生债务违约,当时其国有石油公司PDVSA有数百亿美元利息支付逾期。2019年,时任美国总统唐纳德·特朗普试图将尼古拉斯·马杜罗总统赶下台,因此对委内瑞拉执行了一系列制裁措施,导致委内瑞拉的石油生产放缓,随后发生了债务违约。

美国和欧盟对俄罗斯采取了一系列经济制裁措施,并严重限制了俄罗斯的海外经营能力,包括禁止多家俄罗斯银行利用国际支付体系SWIFT。

但对俄罗斯经济影响最大的是3月8日有媒体报道,美国将禁止进口俄罗斯石油,欧盟也在酝酿类似的限制措施,这与当初欧美对委内瑞拉的制裁如出一辙。

俄罗斯是欧盟原油和天然气的主要供应商,欧盟一直在努力填补失去俄罗斯能源之后出现的缺口。3月8日,欧盟公布了多项措施,今年将减少三分之二俄罗斯天然气进口,包括增加从欧洲其他国家、非洲、中东和中亚等地区的天然气和液化天然气进口。

瓦弗指出,俄罗斯和委内瑞拉都有大量石油资产,但只要制裁没有解除,这些资产就无法发挥作用。自制裁生效以来,委内瑞拉陷入了无止境的经济危机,而马杜罗也将解除制裁作为其外交政策的关键部分。

一个国家发生债务违约的原因可能是无力偿还或不愿意偿还债务。瓦弗指出,为了应对西方制裁,俄罗斯可能会故意决定推迟偿还债务,但他也承认,在目前的制裁框架下,美国的银行是否获准接受俄罗斯的票息支付仍然存在不确定性。

摩根大通(JPMorgan)的分析师曾经在今年3月初警告,西方的制裁将导致俄罗斯发生国际债务违约。

分析师在3月2日提供给客户的报告中写道:“制裁[……]大幅提高了俄罗斯政府硬通货债券违约的可能性。”(财富中文网)

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

Russia’s economy is so weak that it may have to default on its foreign debts soon, with analysts comparing it to Venezuela.

In a note on March 7, Simon Waever, Morgan Stanley’s global head of emerging-market sovereign credit strategy, warned that Russia’s economy was inching perilously close to default territory, as the West imposes sanctions and talks of a recession mount.

“We see a default as the most likely scenario,” Waever wrote, predicting that the default may occur as early as April 15, a date that will mark the end of a 30-day grace period on coupon payments that the Russian government owes on dollar bonds. The repayments for these bonds will be due in 2023 and 2043.

Waever compared the scale of any potential default to another country that defaulted on its debt contending with Western sanctions: Venezuela. “In case of default, it is unlikely to be like a normal one, with Venezuela instead perhaps the most relevant comparison.”

As noted by Bloomberg, which previously reported on Waever's note, Venezuela has been defaulting on its debt since 2019, when state-run oil company PDVSA had accumulated tens of billions of dollars’ worth of late interest payments. Venezuela defaulted on its debt after oil production slowed amid a series of sanctions imposed in 2019 by then-U.S. President Donald Trump in an effort to oust Nicolas Maduro as president.

The U.S. and the EU have placed numerous sanctions on the Russian economy, and severely restricted Russians’ ability to do business outside of their home country, including banning several Russian banks from utilizing SWIFT, an international payments system.

But perhaps the biggest hit to Russia’s economy, and the most reminiscent of Venezuelan sanctions, was the news on March 8 that the U.S. would ban Russian oil imports and indications that the EU is preparing similar restrictions.

Russia is the main supplier of crude oil and natural gas to the EU, and the bloc has been working hard to fill the gap of missing Russian energy. On March 8, the EU announced several measures that would cut Russian gas imports by two thirds this year, including ramping up imports of natural gas and liquified natural gas from other countries in Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia.

Waever notes that Russia and Venezuela are similar in that they both have significant oil assets that are unusable as long as sanctions are in play. Since sanctions have come into effect, Venezuela has been mired in an unending economic crisis, and Maduro has made sanctions relief a key part of his foreign policy stance.

Defaulting on debt can happen either because of an inability or an unwillingness to make payments. Waever notes that it is possible Russia is willingly deciding to delay a payment as a response to Western sanctions, although also admits uncertainty as to whether U.S. banks are allowed to accept coupon payments from Russia under the current sanctions regime.

JPMorgan analysts had previously warned at the beginning of March that sanctions were making an international debt default for Russia likely.

"Sanctions […] have significantly increased the likelihood of a Russia government hard currency bond default," analysts wrote in a note to clients on March 2.

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