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2022年健康领域十大预测:聚焦新冠疫情、IPO井喷

2022年健康领域十大预测:聚焦新冠疫情、IPO井喷

Bob Kocher, Bryan Roberts 2021-12-26
专家预测,在2022年,由于采用有效的新治疗方案,新冠肺炎的死亡人数将大大减少。

在美国佛罗里达州桑福德的桑福德公民中心(Sanford Civic Center),一名女孩准备接种新冠疫苗。图片来源:PHOTO BY PAUL HENNESSY/SOPA IMAGES/LIGHTROCKET VIA GETTY IMAGES

同前几年一样,我们对2022年的卫生健康领域也做了预测。首先,2022年将是值得期待的一年。我们希望,至少在年末之前,人们能够再次把注意力转向日常生活,而不是每天都在对新冠疫情的担忧中度过。

在详述我们的2022年预测之前,让我们回顾一下2021年。不是吹牛,我们去年的表现确实很棒。(老读者有印象,我们前几年的预测非常准。)2021年,10个预测中8个成真了。

2021年,我们彻底看走眼的就是亚马逊(Amazon)的零售药店,我们当时预言它会人气高涨。(我们现在仍然抱有希望……觉得它以后应该会成功。)

接下来,我们放眼未来。以下是我们对未来12个月内卫生保健领域的发展所做出的10个预测:

1.“长期新冠症状”将会被视作慢性疾病

许多新冠肺炎患者康复后,会出现最初患病时没有的长期症状,被称为“长期新冠症状”(long COVID)。我们认为,新近感染者的症状将会变得更轻,同时对长期新冠症状的临床表现、治疗和预后的了解也会进一步加深。但遗憾的是,长期新冠症状很可能是一种复发缓解型的慢性病,没有特别有效的治疗方法。

2.新冠肺炎将成为地方性疾病

我们相信在2022年,美国的新冠肺炎疫情会有所缓解。新冠疫苗的效用强劲、供应充足,再加上配套支撑项目、强制雇主支付健康保险,以及将疫苗适用年龄降低到5岁,抗体媒介免疫人群会大大增加。然而,易感人群将一直存在,病毒也会经常变异,以至于几乎不可能根除新冠病毒(新发现的奥密克戎毒株就是例子)。但是,新冠病毒的传播会进一步得到抑制,行之有效的新疗法将大幅减少2022年的新冠肺炎死亡人数。我们预计,到2022年年底,新冠肺炎的日死亡人数将从2021年年底的每天约1200人下降到少于200人。

3.数字医疗IPO表现将比2021年更好

虽然在2021年,医疗保健IT领域的 IPO数量和筹资规模都创下了最高纪录,但我们认为,2022年将会有更多IPO问世,而且上市后表现更佳。另一方面,2022年的治疗类IPO市场将大幅降温。

4.更多的投资者将向供应商转型

传统投资者和连锁药店将加速转型,进入供应商领域。2021年,连锁药店沃尔格林(Walgreens)向医疗保健公司VillageMD投资52亿美元,并宣布其计划增建500至700家诊所门店。我们预计,沃尔格林、连锁药房集团CVS、连锁药店来德爱(RiteAid)和布鲁斯(the Blues)等医疗保健供应商,甚至沃尔玛(Walmart),都将进行更多的投资和并购。虽然有些人可能会说,这只是在抄健康管理公司Optum在过去十年中的作业,但我们认为,在2022年,许多专家级的从业机构会参与大部分的转型活动,转型并不会仅涉及基层医疗服务。

5.伊丽莎白·霍尔姆斯将被定罪:失败不是犯罪,但欺诈是

虽然血液检测企业Theranos的创始人伊丽莎白·霍尔姆斯的律师辩称,一家初创公司的倒闭不会构成犯罪,但我们认为,检方将成功说服陪审团,让他们相信霍尔姆斯在公司运营中存在欺诈行为。此外,尽管她以刚为人母为借口,正在努力说服法官,让她在家里服缓刑,我们仍然认为,她会被投入监狱。老实说,Theranos的管理层和投资者都应该受到惩罚。

6. 2022年数字医疗领域的并购规模和市值将翻一番

医疗保健一直都是一个巨大的市场,而且现在市场已经够成熟,该进行一些动荡重组了。尽管美国联邦贸易委员会(Federal Trade Commission)极度反对并购,但由于去年大多数投资者和科技公司的利润和股价都出现了史上新高,并购现象只会愈演愈烈。新冠疫情改变了人们的行为方式,有利于许多数字医疗公司的发展,现在很多公司的高额营收和大规模增长都足以使其成为合格的并购者。然而也有大量医疗保健IT领域的初创公司营收滞于2000万美元到5000万美元之间,表现不是非常理想,它们最终将选择将自己并入更大的公司。

7. 治疗阿尔茨海默症的药物Aduhelm的年销售额将低于5000万美元

在Aduhelm上市前,分析师认为其最高年销售额能够达到90亿美元。然而甫一上市,Aduhelm的销售状况就非常差,2021年第三季度的销售额仅为30万美元。明年Aduhelm的销售仍然不会好转,比用于降低胆固醇的PCSK9抑制剂还要更糟。总之,Aduhelm在2022年的销售额可能达到5000万美元。

8. 允许堕胎将成为州政策,而不会成为联邦政策

关于堕胎政策的制定,2022年是关键的一年。美国最高法院(Supreme Court)很可能会支持密西西比州对罗伊诉韦德案的质疑,并裁定各州可以制定自己的堕胎政策。我们认为,最高法院不会允许得克萨斯州实行私人执法机制,但会让得克萨斯州提交关于“禁止女性在怀孕6周后堕胎”的可行性报告。因为各州的堕胎政策都大不相同,整个国家的政策也缺乏一致性,各方将出现强烈反应。

9. 医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心将改变风险调整规则

美国联邦医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心(Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services)正在加大审计力度和风险调整规则的执行力度,这些规则旨在激励联邦医疗优惠计划关注病情较重的病人。例如,该中心最近起诉了凯撒医疗(Kaiser),宣称其超付款达到10亿美元。尽管风险调整是一种关键措施,但越来越多的人担心这种做法是孤注一掷的,且会导致超付款。我们期待着美国联邦医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心启动研发工作,建立更好的风险调整模型。

10. Illumina公司将迎来DNA测序领域的真正竞争

Ilumina在全球DNA测序市场占有80%的份额。其在价格和产品性能上都将遇到真正的竞争,市场优势地位将开始动摇。在基因长读测序和微生物等细分市场方面,Pacific Biosciences公司和Oxford Nanopore公司等开始崛起;更大范围内的普通市场中,Ilumina也将遭遇竞争对手,比如华大基因和其他一些即将进入市场角逐的新企业。

我们今年还设立了一个新的预测类别:长期预测。下面是我们之前做过的两个预测,现将其归入此类别。一年后看我们的预测准确率如何,可能会通过这个新分类来达到分数膨胀的目的。

长期预测1:大型科技公司在医疗保健领域的表现依旧奇差无比

我们一直认为,如果哪家大型科技公司可以在医疗领域做出点成绩,那一定是亚马逊。苹果(Apple)的产品还将仅保持在健康娱乐消费品的水准上,实际上并没有任何医疗用途。我们对大型科技公司的表现仍然总体保持悲观,它们从不了解医疗保健需求,也不知道激励机制如何运转。除了向制药公司出售数据能够赚钱,其他的动作都仍旧是拿巨额资金打水漂。它们最大的一项成功将会是苹果手表(Apple Watch),可以半精确地测量一些健康数据和特征,那些喜欢抠健康数据的人能够拿着它去找医生的麻烦。

长期预测2:药品价格不会有任何变化

美国前总统唐纳德·特朗普尝试调整药价,失败了;现任美国总统乔·拜登也尝试了,也失败了;美国医疗保险和医疗补助创新中心可能也会尝试,但仍然会失败。我们不觉得2022年任何措施或任何人能够切实拉低美国的昂贵药价。美国人将过分吹捧自己的新冠疫苗和新疗法,以至于无法降低药价。我们认为,美国国会更有可能通过限制老年人的现金支出来解决药品价格问题,任何改革都超不出这一范围。

我们期待着一年后向正在读这篇文章的您反馈我们的预测结果。与此同时,祝您2022年平安快乐。(财富中文网)

本文作者鲍勃·科克(Bob Kocher)和布莱恩·罗伯茨(Bryan Roberts)是卫生和健康领域的风投专家,供职于风投公司Venrock。

译者:Transn

同前几年一样,我们对2022年的卫生健康领域也做了预测。首先,2022年将是值得期待的一年。我们希望,至少在年末之前,人们能够再次把注意力转向日常生活,而不是每天都在对新冠疫情的担忧中度过。

在详述我们的2022年预测之前,让我们回顾一下2021年。不是吹牛,我们去年的表现确实很棒。(老读者有印象,我们前几年的预测非常准。)2021年,10个预测中8个成真了。

2021年,我们彻底看走眼的就是亚马逊(Amazon)的零售药店,我们当时预言它会人气高涨。(我们现在仍然抱有希望……觉得它以后应该会成功。)

接下来,我们放眼未来。以下是我们对未来12个月内卫生保健领域的发展所做出的10个预测:

1.“长期新冠症状”将会被视作慢性疾病

许多新冠肺炎患者康复后,会出现最初患病时没有的长期症状,被称为“长期新冠症状”(long COVID)。我们认为,新近感染者的症状将会变得更轻,同时对长期新冠症状的临床表现、治疗和预后的了解也会进一步加深。但遗憾的是,长期新冠症状很可能是一种复发缓解型的慢性病,没有特别有效的治疗方法。

2.新冠肺炎将成为地方性疾病

我们相信在2022年,美国的新冠肺炎疫情会有所缓解。新冠疫苗的效用强劲、供应充足,再加上配套支撑项目、强制雇主支付健康保险,以及将疫苗适用年龄降低到5岁,抗体媒介免疫人群会大大增加。然而,易感人群将一直存在,病毒也会经常变异,以至于几乎不可能根除新冠病毒(新发现的奥密克戎毒株就是例子)。但是,新冠病毒的传播会进一步得到抑制,行之有效的新疗法将大幅减少2022年的新冠肺炎死亡人数。我们预计,到2022年年底,新冠肺炎的日死亡人数将从2021年年底的每天约1200人下降到少于200人。

3.数字医疗IPO表现将比2021年更好

虽然在2021年,医疗保健IT领域的 IPO数量和筹资规模都创下了最高纪录,但我们认为,2022年将会有更多IPO问世,而且上市后表现更佳。另一方面,2022年的治疗类IPO市场将大幅降温。

4.更多的投资者将向供应商转型

传统投资者和连锁药店将加速转型,进入供应商领域。2021年,连锁药店沃尔格林(Walgreens)向医疗保健公司VillageMD投资52亿美元,并宣布其计划增建500至700家诊所门店。我们预计,沃尔格林、连锁药房集团CVS、连锁药店来德爱(RiteAid)和布鲁斯(the Blues)等医疗保健供应商,甚至沃尔玛(Walmart),都将进行更多的投资和并购。虽然有些人可能会说,这只是在抄健康管理公司Optum在过去十年中的作业,但我们认为,在2022年,许多专家级的从业机构会参与大部分的转型活动,转型并不会仅涉及基层医疗服务。

5.伊丽莎白·霍尔姆斯将被定罪:失败不是犯罪,但欺诈是

虽然血液检测企业Theranos的创始人伊丽莎白·霍尔姆斯的律师辩称,一家初创公司的倒闭不会构成犯罪,但我们认为,检方将成功说服陪审团,让他们相信霍尔姆斯在公司运营中存在欺诈行为。此外,尽管她以刚为人母为借口,正在努力说服法官,让她在家里服缓刑,我们仍然认为,她会被投入监狱。老实说,Theranos的管理层和投资者都应该受到惩罚。

6. 2022年数字医疗领域的并购规模和市值将翻一番

医疗保健一直都是一个巨大的市场,而且现在市场已经够成熟,该进行一些动荡重组了。尽管美国联邦贸易委员会(Federal Trade Commission)极度反对并购,但由于去年大多数投资者和科技公司的利润和股价都出现了史上新高,并购现象只会愈演愈烈。新冠疫情改变了人们的行为方式,有利于许多数字医疗公司的发展,现在很多公司的高额营收和大规模增长都足以使其成为合格的并购者。然而也有大量医疗保健IT领域的初创公司营收滞于2000万美元到5000万美元之间,表现不是非常理想,它们最终将选择将自己并入更大的公司。

7. 治疗阿尔茨海默症的药物Aduhelm的年销售额将低于5000万美元

在Aduhelm上市前,分析师认为其最高年销售额能够达到90亿美元。然而甫一上市,Aduhelm的销售状况就非常差,2021年第三季度的销售额仅为30万美元。明年Aduhelm的销售仍然不会好转,比用于降低胆固醇的PCSK9抑制剂还要更糟。总之,Aduhelm在2022年的销售额可能达到5000万美元。

8. 允许堕胎将成为州政策,而不会成为联邦政策

关于堕胎政策的制定,2022年是关键的一年。美国最高法院(Supreme Court)很可能会支持密西西比州对罗伊诉韦德案的质疑,并裁定各州可以制定自己的堕胎政策。我们认为,最高法院不会允许得克萨斯州实行私人执法机制,但会让得克萨斯州提交关于“禁止女性在怀孕6周后堕胎”的可行性报告。因为各州的堕胎政策都大不相同,整个国家的政策也缺乏一致性,各方将出现强烈反应。

9. 医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心将改变风险调整规则

美国联邦医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心(Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services)正在加大审计力度和风险调整规则的执行力度,这些规则旨在激励联邦医疗优惠计划关注病情较重的病人。例如,该中心最近起诉了凯撒医疗(Kaiser),宣称其超付款达到10亿美元。尽管风险调整是一种关键措施,但越来越多的人担心这种做法是孤注一掷的,且会导致超付款。我们期待着美国联邦医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心启动研发工作,建立更好的风险调整模型。

10. Illumina公司将迎来DNA测序领域的真正竞争

Ilumina在全球DNA测序市场占有80%的份额。其在价格和产品性能上都将遇到真正的竞争,市场优势地位将开始动摇。在基因长读测序和微生物等细分市场方面,Pacific Biosciences公司和Oxford Nanopore公司等开始崛起;更大范围内的普通市场中,Ilumina也将遭遇竞争对手,比如华大基因和其他一些即将进入市场角逐的新企业。

我们今年还设立了一个新的预测类别:长期预测。下面是我们之前做过的两个预测,现将其归入此类别。一年后看我们的预测准确率如何,可能会通过这个新分类来达到分数膨胀的目的。

长期预测1:大型科技公司在医疗保健领域的表现依旧奇差无比

我们一直认为,如果哪家大型科技公司可以在医疗领域做出点成绩,那一定是亚马逊。苹果(Apple)的产品还将仅保持在健康娱乐消费品的水准上,实际上并没有任何医疗用途。我们对大型科技公司的表现仍然总体保持悲观,它们从不了解医疗保健需求,也不知道激励机制如何运转。除了向制药公司出售数据能够赚钱,其他的动作都仍旧是拿巨额资金打水漂。它们最大的一项成功将会是苹果手表(Apple Watch),可以半精确地测量一些健康数据和特征,那些喜欢抠健康数据的人能够拿着它去找医生的麻烦。

长期预测2:药品价格不会有任何变化

美国前总统唐纳德·特朗普尝试调整药价,失败了;现任美国总统乔·拜登也尝试了,也失败了;美国医疗保险和医疗补助创新中心可能也会尝试,但仍然会失败。我们不觉得2022年任何措施或任何人能够切实拉低美国的昂贵药价。美国人将过分吹捧自己的新冠疫苗和新疗法,以至于无法降低药价。我们认为,美国国会更有可能通过限制老年人的现金支出来解决药品价格问题,任何改革都超不出这一范围。

我们期待着一年后向正在读这篇文章的您反馈我们的预测结果。与此同时,祝您2022年平安快乐。(财富中文网)

本文作者鲍勃·科克(Bob Kocher)和布莱恩·罗伯茨(Bryan Roberts)是卫生和健康领域的风投专家,供职于风投公司Venrock。

译者:Transn

We are back to prediction making once again, and here is the first: 2022 will be a year to look forward to. We hope that 2022 will be the year we go from thinking about COVID-19 every single day, to one when we can once again turn our compulsive worries to more mundane things, at least by the end of the year.

Before elaborating on our health care predictions for 2022, let’s look back and see how we did in 2021. Not to brag, but…we crushed it with our 2021 predictions. (Longtime readers will recall years when our forecasts were solid F material.) By our scoring, we got eight out of 10 correct. Okay, that is technically only a B, but quite an improvement from 2020’s two out of 10.

The only thing we got totally wrong was our prediction that Amazon’s retail pharmacy would gain traction. (We still have hope…it should work.) We gave ourselves partial credit for two other predictions: that confidence (and independence) would be restored at the Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and that virtual care for Medicare patients would take off. We think Rochelle Walensky is off to a good start at the CDC. We love Rob Califf at the FDA too, but why did it take so long to appoint him? And while there are new startups offering virtual primary care like Heyday Health and Patina, we are surprised by how rapidly care has reverted to in-person, both among Medicare Advantage groups like ChenMed and Oak Street and in the legacy brick-and-mortar health systems.

Now let’s look forward. Here we offer 10 predictions for what will happen in the world of health care over the next 12 months:

1. Long COVID will be recognized as a chronic disease

While we think new COVID-19 infections are going to get much better, we also think that we will gain a much better understanding about symptoms, treatments, and prognosis for the syndrome called long COVID. Sadly, we think that long COVID is likely to be a chronic disease with relapsing and remitting characteristics with no great treatments.

2. COVID will become endemic, and COVID-19 deaths will fall by 80% in the U.S.

We are hopeful that the COVID-19 situation will get much better in the U.S. in 2022. With very effective vaccines, sufficient supply, effective booster programs, employer mandates, and the expansion of eligibility to kids age 5 and above, we should have a population with lots of antibody-mediated protection. Unfortunately, we will have persistent pockets of susceptible people and a virus that mutates often enough that eradication seems super unlikely (hello, Omicron). But COVID-19 will have a much harder time spreading, and effective new treatments will lead to dramatic reductions in deaths in 2022. We expect daily COVID deaths to drop from about 1,200 per day at the end of 2021 to fewer than 200 per day by the end of 2022.

3. Digital health IPOs will do even better than in 2021

While 2021 was a record year for the number of HCIT IPOs and dollars raised, we think that the 2022 class will both be larger in number and perform better post-offering. On the flip side (as a bonus prediction), we think that the therapeutics IPO market will cool substantially in 2022.

4. More payers will try to become providers

We think that there will be an acceleration of legacy payers and pharmacy chains moving into the provider space. In 2021, Walgreens made a $5.2 billion investment in VillageMD and announced plans to add 500 to 700 clinics. We expect more investments and M&A of health care providers by the likes of Walgreens, CVS, RiteAid, and the Blues, maybe even Walmart. While some may say this is just playing catch-up to Optum’s playbook of the last decade, we think a 2022 twist will be that much of the activity will also include specialists instead of just primary-care doctors.

5. Failing is not a crime, but fraud is: Elizabeth Holmes will be convicted

While Elizabeth Holmes’s lawyers are arguing that a startup failing is not a crime, we think the prosecution will succeed at convincing the jury that Holmes committed fraud at Theranos. Moreover, we think that she will serve time in jail despite efforts to persuade the judge that as a new mother, she should serve only probation at home. In all honesty, both sides—management and investors—in the Theranos saga deserve an F.

6. Digital health M&A volume and value will double in 2022

Health care remains, and is now being recognized as, an enormous market, ripe for disruption. Combine that with record profits and stock prices at most payers and technology companies over the last year and we believe there will be even more M&A, despite a dramatically hostile Federal Trade Commission. With COVID-19 and its attendant behavior changes providing a tailwind to many digital health companies, there are now a large number of companies that have enough revenue and growth to be attractive M&A candidates. On the less successful side, there are also a ton of HCIT point solution startups, and these companies, finding themselves stuck as $20 million to $50 million revenue businesses, will ultimately choose to be folded into larger platforms.

7. Alzheimer’s drug Aduhelm will fail to surpass $50 million in 2022 sales

The prelaunch analyst consensus for Aduhelm peak sales was $9 billion annually. Postlaunch, Aduhelm is off to a stunningly bad start, reporting only $300,000 in sales in the third quarter of 2021. We do not think things will get better for Aduhelm next year, making it an even bigger flop than PCSK9 inhibitors for cholesterol; all told, Aduhelm might see $50 million in 2022 sales.

8. Abortion rights will become state-based rather than federal policy

We think 2022 will be a momentous year for abortion. We think it is likely that the Supreme Court will uphold the Mississippi challenge to Roe v. Wade and rule that states can enact their own abortion policies. We think the court will not allow Texas’s citizen enforcement mechanism but will allow Texas to define viability at six weeks. This will lead to a patchwork of very different state policies and trigger strong reactions from all sides.

9. Changes will come to Medicare Advantage risk adjustment

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services are putting more effort into audits and enforcement of its risk adjustment rules, which are designed to incentivize Medicare Advantage to care for sicker patients. As only one of many examples, the centers recently sued Kaiser, alleging $1 billion in overpayments. While risk adjustment is a critical tool, there is growing concern that the current approach is gameable and leads to overpayments. We expect Medicare to kick off R&D efforts to build better risk adjustment models.

10. Illumina will face real competition in DNA sequencing for the first time ever

Ilumina holds about an 80% market share in DNA sequencing globally. We expect the first viable competition, on both a price and performance basis, to begin to erode Illumina’s advantage. This will be true not only in niche markets—for example, long read and microbial—where companies like Pacific Biosciences and Oxford Nanopore are becoming competitive, but also in larger, more general markets, where rivals include BGI and a number of soon-to-launch new entrants.

We also want to re-up two of our past predictions in a new category: perennial predictions. It remains to be determined if we will use these for grade inflation purposes—check back here in a year when we see how we did.

Evergreen prediction No. 1: Big Tech will continue to be terrible at health care

We still believe that if anyone makes this work, it will be Amazon; Apple will simply be consumer-grade health entertainment and not actually medically useful. But we now revert to our bearish core belief that Big Tech just doesn’t understand how health care demand and incentives work. Outside of selling data to pharma, we think Big Tech will continue to waste prodigious amounts of money, and its greatest success will be that the Apple Watch can semi-accurately measure some biometrics for metric-needy people to bother their doctors with.

Evergreen prediction No. 2: Nothing will happen on drug pricing

Donald Trump tried and failed. Joe Biden tried and failed. The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation may try and will fail. We do not think anything or anyone is going to meaningfully challenge high drug prices in the U.S. in 2022. We think Americans are going to be too appreciative of their COVID-19 vaccines and new therapeutics to make cutting drug prices popular enough. We think it is much more likely that Congress addresses drug pricing by capping out-of-pocket spending for seniors, and that will be the extent of any reforms.

We look forward to reporting back to you in a year. In the meantime, we wish you a safe and happy holiday season and 2022.

Bob Kocher and Bryan Roberts are partners at the venture capital firm Venrock, where they invest in health care businesses.

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