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高盛2021年十大经济预测说中了几个?

高盛2021年十大经济预测说中了几个?

Sheryl Estrada 2021-12-24
结果证明,大多数预测都是正确的。

投资银行和金融服务公司高盛集团(Goldman Sachs)的魔法水晶球有用吗?该公司在最新的一份报告中对自己的预测能力进行了复盘。

在这篇名为《2021年的10个问题》(10 Questions for 2021)的回溯报告中,高盛回顾了自己在2020年年底的预测,与实际情况进行了对比。结果证明,大多数预测都是正确的。例如,分析师称第三波疫情不会导致2021年第一季度的GDP再次下滑,全年GDP增长将超过普遍预期。

但一个事实大大超出了该公司的预期。

高盛预测,到今年年底,核心个人消费支出(PCE)通胀率不会超过2%。然而,该报告显示,2021年的核心个人消费支出同比增长了约4.56%。高盛称:“我们原本预计通胀会在春季反弹至2%以上,原因是和去年同期疫情最严重时相比产生的基数效用,但会在下半年下降,因为消费将会转向服务业,生产问题会减少,商品价格的压力因此得以减轻。”

供需不平衡叠加国外德尔塔变种毒株蔓延导致生产受限产生的“外溢效应”,耐用品通胀出现飙升。该报告发现,在核心服务方面,高盛低估了住房、食品服务和住宿价格的加速上涨,涨价是“在失业福利提升的同时,工资大幅上涨转嫁到消费端的结果”。

今年的房地产市场异常火爆。房价上涨19.9%,创下自2020年8月至2021年8月12个月以来的最高纪录。相比之下,据《财富》杂志计算,自1980年以来,美国房价的平均年增长率为4.6%。根据高盛的报告,2021年年底的住房通胀率同比约为3.7%。该公司在2020年年底预测的通胀率则为2.1%左右。今年春天,高盛表示,它“要持续大幅上调住房通胀率、上调依赖于低收入劳动力的行业类别”来修正预测错误。

美联储(U.S. Federal Reserve)开始缩减购债规模的时间也早于高盛的预测。为了对抗高通胀,美联储的主席鲍威尔于12月15日称,该机构将加快结束其债券资产购买计划。该计划正在稳步推进,应该于2022年年初结束。鲍威尔还暗示,美联储倾向于明年提高利率。

明年会怎么样呢?高盛写道:2022年将是稳健的一年。到2022年年底,经济增长和通货膨胀都将大幅下降。“但我们认为,通胀可能会在一段时间内保持高位,高到足以让美国联邦公开市场委员会(Federal Open Market Committee)三次加息,并且下决心处理资产负债表问题。”该公司写道。(财富中文网)

译者:Agatha

投资银行和金融服务公司高盛集团(Goldman Sachs)的魔法水晶球有用吗?该公司在最新的一份报告中对自己的预测能力进行了复盘。

在这篇名为《2021年的10个问题》(10 Questions for 2021)的回溯报告中,高盛回顾了自己在2020年年底的预测,与实际情况进行了对比。结果证明,大多数预测都是正确的。例如,分析师称第三波疫情不会导致2021年第一季度的GDP再次下滑,全年GDP增长将超过普遍预期。

但一个事实大大超出了该公司的预期。

高盛预测,到今年年底,核心个人消费支出(PCE)通胀率不会超过2%。然而,该报告显示,2021年的核心个人消费支出同比增长了约4.56%。高盛称:“我们原本预计通胀会在春季反弹至2%以上,原因是和去年同期疫情最严重时相比产生的基数效用,但会在下半年下降,因为消费将会转向服务业,生产问题会减少,商品价格的压力因此得以减轻。”

供需不平衡叠加国外德尔塔变种毒株蔓延导致生产受限产生的“外溢效应”,耐用品通胀出现飙升。该报告发现,在核心服务方面,高盛低估了住房、食品服务和住宿价格的加速上涨,涨价是“在失业福利提升的同时,工资大幅上涨转嫁到消费端的结果”。

今年的房地产市场异常火爆。房价上涨19.9%,创下自2020年8月至2021年8月12个月以来的最高纪录。相比之下,据《财富》杂志计算,自1980年以来,美国房价的平均年增长率为4.6%。根据高盛的报告,2021年年底的住房通胀率同比约为3.7%。该公司在2020年年底预测的通胀率则为2.1%左右。今年春天,高盛表示,它“要持续大幅上调住房通胀率、上调依赖于低收入劳动力的行业类别”来修正预测错误。

美联储(U.S. Federal Reserve)开始缩减购债规模的时间也早于高盛的预测。为了对抗高通胀,美联储的主席鲍威尔于12月15日称,该机构将加快结束其债券资产购买计划。该计划正在稳步推进,应该于2022年年初结束。鲍威尔还暗示,美联储倾向于明年提高利率。

明年会怎么样呢?高盛写道:2022年将是稳健的一年。到2022年年底,经济增长和通货膨胀都将大幅下降。“但我们认为,通胀可能会在一段时间内保持高位,高到足以让美国联邦公开市场委员会(Federal Open Market Committee)三次加息,并且下决心处理资产负债表问题。”该公司写道。(财富中文网)

译者:Agatha

Is Goldman Sachs’ crystal ball working? The investment bank and financial services company gauges its predictive powers in a new report.

In A Retrospective on “10 Questions for 2021,” Goldman Sachs took a look back at what it predicted at the end of last year, and what actually happened. The majority of the predictions were spot-on. For instance, analysts wrote that a third wave of COVID-19 wouldn’t cause GDP to fall again in Q1 of 2021, and full-year GDP growth would exceed consensus expectations.

But there was a major surprise to one of the firm’s expectations.

Goldman predicted that core personal consumption expenditure (PCE) inflation would not exceed 2% at the end of the year. Instead, core PCE increased about 4.56% year over year, according to the report. “We expected inflation to bounce above 2% in the spring as we lapped the weakest pandemic base effects, but to come down in the second half of the year as consumption shifted back toward services and production problems diminished, relieving pressure on goods prices,” the firm noted.

The supply and demand imbalances and “spillover effects” from the Delta variant abroad constraining production factored into a spike in durable goods inflation. In regard to core services, Goldman Sachs underestimated the acceleration in housing, food services, and accommodation prices "driven by pass-through from large wage gains while enhanced unemployment benefits were in place,” the report found.

It was a red-hot housing market this year. Home prices appreciated at 19.9%, setting a 12-month record between August 2020 and August 2021. In comparison, the average rate of home price growth per year has been 4.6% since 1980, according to Fortune’s calculations. The housing inflation rate at the end of 2021 is approximately 3.7% year over year, according to Goldman Sachs’ report. The firm estimated in 2020 it would be about 2.1% year over year. In the spring, Goldman said it corrected prediction errors by "calling for a sharp and persistent increase in shelter inflation and a pickup in categories that depend on low-paid labor.”

The U.S. Federal Reserve also started tapering earlier than Goldman expected. To combat sky-high inflation, the Fed Chair Jerome Powell said on Dec. 15 the agency is accelerating the end of its bond asset-buying program. It’s now on track to conclude in early 2022. Powell also signaled the Fed favors raising interest rates next year.

As for what comes next? Goldman writes that 2022 will be a year of moderation. And by the end of 2022, both growth and inflation will come down sharply. “But we think inflation is likely to remain high for a while, high enough for the [Federal Open Market Committee] FOMC to deliver three rate hikes and begin balance sheet runoff next year,” the firm noted.

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