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无人机配送新冠疫苗,印度疫苗接种工作迎来转机

无人机配送新冠疫苗,印度疫苗接种工作迎来转机

Biman Mukherji 2021-09-26
如果本次疫苗运输能够取得成功,则该项目还将覆盖其他重要药品及急救血浆的配送任务。

印度地形复杂多变,既有高耸入云的山脉,也有广阔的沙漠,还有易受山洪影响的湿地,长期以来给政府接触偏远地区的公民造成了极大障碍。新冠疫情爆发后,印度官员一直在努力克服这种困难,完成疫苗接种工作。而根据印度政府的目标——在2021年年底前为9.5亿印度成年人完成疫苗接种,留给他们的时间也变得极为有限。

欲行非常之事,需有非常之法,印度也不例外,该国于9月中旬试行了自己的创新解决方案。

9月11日下午,一架迷你冰箱大小、圆柱形的白色无人机从印度南部特伦甘纳邦的维卡拉巴德阅兵场成功起飞。现场有数十名围观人员,看着无人机缓缓升空,现场一片欢声,随后,无人机向东方飞去,数秒之后,便消失在了视野中。几分钟后,无人机降落在了3公里外的一家公立社区医院。

在这趟旅途中,无人机携带了一个装有干冰和特殊绝缘材料的医用冷藏箱,用以保护箱中珍贵的货物——麻疹疫苗、腮腺炎疫苗和风疹疫苗,这是为期28天的试点项目——“天降良药”(Medicine From the Sky)首次实地使用无人机配送药品。该项目由世界经济论坛(World Economic Forum)牵头,合作方包括特伦甘纳邦政府、阿波罗医院全球健康网(Apollo Hospitals HealthNet Global)和政府智库NITI Aayog。如果项目取得成功,有关方面就将组建一个无人机网络,把新冠疫苗配送到印度最难到达的地方。所有参与方均为免费提供服务。

如果本次疫苗运输能够取得成功,则该项目还将覆盖其他重要药品及急救血浆的配送任务。

印度民航部的部长乔蒂拉迪蒂亚·辛迪亚在项目启动仪式上说:“本次行动在全球尚属首次,当革命开始时,印度不会甘于人后,而是将勇于扮演领导者的角色。”

图片来源:Courtesy of Marut Drones

印度公共卫生基金会(Public Health Foundation of India)的技术创新主管苏雷什·穆努斯瓦米称,印度现有14亿人口,其中大部分通过约30000家公营基础卫生中心接受医疗服务,但受复杂地形、天气灾害等因素的影响,至少有5%至10%的卫生中心无法获得医疗器材的补给,供应商有时甚至都无法将药品送到患者手中。

他说:“新冠疫情迫使我们为所有人接种疫苗,这还是第一次,所以确实面临着很大挑战。”

大多数疫苗都是在出生时接种,例如脊髓灰质炎疫苗、百白破疫苗和肝炎疫苗,而不是像新冠疫苗这样需要同时对所有成年人进行接种。对于没有冷藏设施的卫生机构而言,在数周内为所有接种者完成两剂新冠疫苗接种也是不小的挑战。穆努斯瓦米表示,他们需要减少配送剂量,提高配送频率。

约58%的印度人口已经接种单剂新冠疫苗,18%已经完成全程接种,也就是说,印度要想在年底前为所有成年人完成疫苗接种,还有很长一段路要走。

穆努斯瓦米指出,无人机的有效载荷为15公斤至20公斤,每小时可以飞行100公里,(是一种非常有效的工具,)能够让印度更接近自己的目标。

根据本次试点计划的安排,无人机首先将使用重量不超过10公斤的箱子运送常见的麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹疫苗,航程3公里,在此过程中,有关方面将进行严格的温度监测,确保疫苗温度在2摄氏度到8摄氏度之间。相关官员表示,无人机的航程和负载将逐渐增加,在为期28天的试点计划后期,运送的物品将更换为新冠疫苗。之所以不在开始时运送新冠疫苗,是因为有关方面希望避免由于可能出现的差错而浪费这种可以救命的物资。

在试点项目结束后,“天降良药”项目有望在印度所有的29个邦开展无人机配送服务。

“我们正与四个邦就该计划进行相当深入的对话。”包括东北部的曼尼普尔邦、米佐拉姆邦、阿鲁纳恰尔邦(中国的藏南地区,目前被印度非法占领——编注)和西部的古吉拉特邦,印度的航空航天和无人机项目负责人维格尼什·桑达南在世界经济论坛上如是说。

“天降良药”项目已经开展了一年半的时间,加上印度政府在今年8月25日放宽了原本极为严苛无人机政策,将操作无人机所需办理的许可证数量从25张减少到了5张,该项目获得了巨大推动。

印度无人机联合会(Drone Federation of India)的主席拉哈特·库尔什雷什塔称:“对于本行业来说,原有的无人机政策过于严苛,我们很难开展相关业务,现在的政策则更多的是建立在信任的基础之上。”

今年4月下旬,第二波疫情袭击印度,造成了致命影响,数以千计的感染者难以获得关键药物和氧气供应,而造成这一局面的部分原因就是运输问题。

在接受《财富》杂志采访时,印度民航部(Ministry of Civil Aviation)的联合秘书安布尔·杜贝指出,印度近90%通过公路运输的医疗用品,尤其是供应偏远地区的医疗用品,将改为通过无人机运输。

放眼南亚各国,印度的陆地面积最为辽阔,并且其气候环境也极为复杂,从炽热的沙漠到寒冷的山脉,不一而足。相关官员表示,如果上述无人机项目能够在该国取得成功,那么其他各国很可能也会效仿。

桑达南说:“该项目不仅可以成为亚洲其他国家和地区效仿的模板,对整个世界都有示范作用。”(财富中文网)

译者:梁宇

审校:夏林

印度地形复杂多变,既有高耸入云的山脉,也有广阔的沙漠,还有易受山洪影响的湿地,长期以来给政府接触偏远地区的公民造成了极大障碍。新冠疫情爆发后,印度官员一直在努力克服这种困难,完成疫苗接种工作。而根据印度政府的目标——在2021年年底前为9.5亿印度成年人完成疫苗接种,留给他们的时间也变得极为有限。

欲行非常之事,需有非常之法,印度也不例外,该国于9月中旬试行了自己的创新解决方案。

9月11日下午,一架迷你冰箱大小、圆柱形的白色无人机从印度南部特伦甘纳邦的维卡拉巴德阅兵场成功起飞。现场有数十名围观人员,看着无人机缓缓升空,现场一片欢声,随后,无人机向东方飞去,数秒之后,便消失在了视野中。几分钟后,无人机降落在了3公里外的一家公立社区医院。

在这趟旅途中,无人机携带了一个装有干冰和特殊绝缘材料的医用冷藏箱,用以保护箱中珍贵的货物——麻疹疫苗、腮腺炎疫苗和风疹疫苗,这是为期28天的试点项目——“天降良药”(Medicine From the Sky)首次实地使用无人机配送药品。该项目由世界经济论坛(World Economic Forum)牵头,合作方包括特伦甘纳邦政府、阿波罗医院全球健康网(Apollo Hospitals HealthNet Global)和政府智库NITI Aayog。如果项目取得成功,有关方面就将组建一个无人机网络,把新冠疫苗配送到印度最难到达的地方。所有参与方均为免费提供服务。

如果本次疫苗运输能够取得成功,则该项目还将覆盖其他重要药品及急救血浆的配送任务。

印度民航部的部长乔蒂拉迪蒂亚·辛迪亚在项目启动仪式上说:“本次行动在全球尚属首次,当革命开始时,印度不会甘于人后,而是将勇于扮演领导者的角色。”

印度公共卫生基金会(Public Health Foundation of India)的技术创新主管苏雷什·穆努斯瓦米称,印度现有14亿人口,其中大部分通过约30000家公营基础卫生中心接受医疗服务,但受复杂地形、天气灾害等因素的影响,至少有5%至10%的卫生中心无法获得医疗器材的补给,供应商有时甚至都无法将药品送到患者手中。

他说:“新冠疫情迫使我们为所有人接种疫苗,这还是第一次,所以确实面临着很大挑战。”

大多数疫苗都是在出生时接种,例如脊髓灰质炎疫苗、百白破疫苗和肝炎疫苗,而不是像新冠疫苗这样需要同时对所有成年人进行接种。对于没有冷藏设施的卫生机构而言,在数周内为所有接种者完成两剂新冠疫苗接种也是不小的挑战。穆努斯瓦米表示,他们需要减少配送剂量,提高配送频率。

约58%的印度人口已经接种单剂新冠疫苗,18%已经完成全程接种,也就是说,印度要想在年底前为所有成年人完成疫苗接种,还有很长一段路要走。

穆努斯瓦米指出,无人机的有效载荷为15公斤至20公斤,每小时可以飞行100公里,(是一种非常有效的工具,)能够让印度更接近自己的目标。

根据本次试点计划的安排,无人机首先将使用重量不超过10公斤的箱子运送常见的麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹疫苗,航程3公里,在此过程中,有关方面将进行严格的温度监测,确保疫苗温度在2摄氏度到8摄氏度之间。相关官员表示,无人机的航程和负载将逐渐增加,在为期28天的试点计划后期,运送的物品将更换为新冠疫苗。之所以不在开始时运送新冠疫苗,是因为有关方面希望避免由于可能出现的差错而浪费这种可以救命的物资。

在试点项目结束后,“天降良药”项目有望在印度所有的29个邦开展无人机配送服务。

“我们正与四个邦就该计划进行相当深入的对话。”包括东北部的曼尼普尔邦、米佐拉姆邦、阿鲁纳恰尔邦(中国的藏南地区,目前被印度非法占领——编注)和西部的古吉拉特邦,印度的航空航天和无人机项目负责人维格尼什·桑达南在世界经济论坛上如是说。

“天降良药”项目已经开展了一年半的时间,加上印度政府在今年8月25日放宽了原本极为严苛无人机政策,将操作无人机所需办理的许可证数量从25张减少到了5张,该项目获得了巨大推动。

印度无人机联合会(Drone Federation of India)的主席拉哈特·库尔什雷什塔称:“对于本行业来说,原有的无人机政策过于严苛,我们很难开展相关业务,现在的政策则更多的是建立在信任的基础之上。”

今年4月下旬,第二波疫情袭击印度,造成了致命影响,数以千计的感染者难以获得关键药物和氧气供应,而造成这一局面的部分原因就是运输问题。

在接受《财富》杂志采访时,印度民航部(Ministry of Civil Aviation)的联合秘书安布尔·杜贝指出,印度近90%通过公路运输的医疗用品,尤其是供应偏远地区的医疗用品,将改为通过无人机运输。

放眼南亚各国,印度的陆地面积最为辽阔,并且其气候环境也极为复杂,从炽热的沙漠到寒冷的山脉,不一而足。相关官员表示,如果上述无人机项目能够在该国取得成功,那么其他各国很可能也会效仿。

桑达南说:“该项目不仅可以成为亚洲其他国家和地区效仿的模板,对整个世界都有示范作用。”(财富中文网)

译者:梁宇

审校:夏林

India’s varied landscape of towering mountains, expansive deserts, and wetlands susceptible to flash floods has long been an obstacle course for authorities trying to reach citizens in remote areas. In the COVID era, officials are navigating that maze to deliver vaccines, and they’re up against a ticking clock: the government’s goal to vaccinate each of India’s 950 million adults by the end of 2021.

The extraordinary task calls for an innovative solution—one India piloted in mid-September.

On September 11 afternoon, a dome-shaped white drone the size of a mini refrigerator took off from the Vikarabad parade ground in the southern state of Telangana. Dozens of onlookers applauded as the device climbed upward before zipping off to the east. Within seconds, it was out of sight. Minutes later, the drone landed three kilometers away on the grounds of a state-run community hospital.

On its journey, the drone cradled a medical cold storage box packed with dry ice and special insulation to protect precious cargo: vaccines against measles, mumps, and rubella. It was the first shipment in a 28-day pilot program spearheaded by the World Economic Forum that, if successful, will create a drone network to deliver COVID-19 vaccines to India’s hardest-to-reach places. The project, called Medicine From the Sky, is a partnership between WEF, the state government of Telangana, Apollo Hospitals HealthNet Global, and the government think tank NITI Aayog. For the pilot program, three drone startups—TechEagle, SkyAir, and Marut—have offered their services for free.

If the shipments of vaccines prove successful, the program will expand to delivering other critical medicines and emergency blood supplies.

“This is the first time in the world, when a revolution is about to start, India will not be a follower but a leader,” India Minister for Civil Aviation Jyotiraditya Scindia said at the launch ceremony.

The majority of India’s 1.4 billion people are served by roughly 30,000 government-run primary health care centers, but at least 5% to 10% of the centers are inaccessible to medical suppliers—and sometimes even patients—because of difficult terrain and weather hazards, said Suresh Munuswamy, head of technological innovations at the Public Health Foundation of India.

“It is a serious challenge in a pandemic where for the first time all people have to be vaccinated,” he said.

The majority of vaccines for diseases such as polio, diphtheria, and hepatitis are administered at birth—not to the adult population all at once like COVID-19 jabs. The need to administer two separate COVID-19 jabs to every recipient over several weeks is also a challenge for health care facilities without cold storage; they need smaller shipments of vaccines delivered more often, Munuswamy said.

Around 58% of India’s population have received a single dose of a COVID vaccine, and 18% are fully vaccinated, meaning India is far from its goal of inoculating every adult by year’s end.

Munuswamy said the drones can help India get closer to its target, with the aerial vehicles able to cover 100 kilometers an hour, carrying payloads of 15 to 20 kilograms.

Under the pilot program, the drones first will carry commonly available vaccines such as jabs for measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) in boxes weighing up to 10 kilograms over a distance of three kilometers with strict temperature monitoring to ensure the vaccines do not exceed eight degrees Celsius or fall below two degrees. The drones’ range and load will gradually increase, and toward the end of the 28-day pilot program, the payload will switch to COVID-19 vaccines, officials said. They’re excluding COVID jabs from the early trial to ensure none of the lifesaving doses are wasted in possible mishaps.

After the pilot program, Medicine From the Sky wants to launch drone deliveries in each of India’s 29 states.

“We are in fairly deep talks with four states for the program,” including the northeastern states of Manipur, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, and the western state of Gujarat, said Vignesh Santhanam, India lead for aerospace and drones at the World Economic Forum.

The Medicine From the Sky program has been in the works for a year and a half, but it got a big boost on Aug. 25, when the government liberalized a stringent drone policy, slashing the number of permits needed to operate drones from 25 to five.

“The drone policy has gone from something which was extremely hard for the industry to operate to something that is a lot more trust-based,” said Rahat Kulshreshtha, president of the Drone Federation of India.

During a deadly second wave of COVID-19 that struck India in late April, thousands of infected people struggled to access critical medicines and oxygen supplies, partly owing to transport problems.

Ultimately, nearly 90% of India’s medical supplies that go by road, especially to remote areas, will be replaced by drone deliveries, Amber Dubey, joint secretary in the Ministry of Civil Aviation, told Fortune.

India’s landmass is the largest in South Asia, and its climates range from blazing deserts to frigid mountains. If the drone program can succeed in the country, then it can likely be adopted elsewhere, officials said.

“It can be a template for not only other parts of the Asia region, but also for the world,” said Santhanam.

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