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这些新冠痊愈者,深受后遗症长期折磨

这些新冠痊愈者,深受后遗症长期折磨

MEGAN LEONHARDT 2021-08-09
大多数公司在应对长症新冠问题时都会走一步看一步,其中很多公司会依靠现有的休假和失能政策框架。

俄克拉•荷马州摩尔市小学教师斯考特•艾伦(Scott Allen)在2020年8月底,也就是在开学两天前开始感到不适。诊断结果:新冠肺炎。

斯考特对《财富》说:“这是我得过的最严重的流感。我基本上都躺在床上。”

尽管艾伦在与新冠抗争的过程中并未住院,但在联邦救援条例所规定的两周带薪休假结束之后,这些症状依然持续了很长的时间。艾伦从事教育行业已经有30多年的时间,而且积攒了130多天的病假,他自认为这些时间应该足以让自己战胜病魔。

然而这些症状一直在持续,包括慢性疲劳、双手震颤、偏头痛、气短和脑雾。基于这些原因,艾伦无法回归工作岗位。他在这段时间看的医生也越来越多,包括肺脏科专家、心血管科专家、神经科专家以及肾病科专家。

艾伦说:“有一段时间,光洗个衣服就累得不行。有时候我觉得有所好转,就会想‘快要到头了。’然而两天后又会出现症状,真是让人心力交瘁。”

在检测出新冠阳性近一年之后,艾伦依然在忍受着病痛的折磨,他如今被诊断为“长症新冠”。他的症状非常严重,以至于无法回到学校教书。他不得不依赖其他教师和员工捐赠的病假来延长其带薪假期。直到今年6月1日,他才以56岁的年龄正式退休。

艾伦说:“我并不打算退休。”他表示,自己计划在女儿上完大学以及自己的社保和退休投资获批之后再退休。他的女儿今年才开始念高中。如今,他正在花费其养老金,希望通过申请社保残障保险来弥补不足。

遭受长症新冠折磨的病患有多少?

我们仍不清楚到底有多少人在感染新冠肺炎后会演变为长症新冠。英国新冠纵向健康和福祉全国核心调查上周发布的一篇报告称,在对初期感染后新冠症状持续至少12周的病患的调查发现,新冠阳性患者演变为长症新冠的比例为2.3%到37%。

然而英国机构的这篇报道发现,感染新冠后存在严重症状并难以开展日常活动的病患比例要小得多,从20多岁受调人群的约1.2%到60多岁人群的4.8%。

约3400万美国民众自疫情爆发以来被确诊感染了新冠肺炎,不过,一些研究认为真实数字可能接近其两倍。然而,即便遭受长症新冠折磨的病患只占很小的比例,但这也意味着数十万、甚至可能高达数百万美国民众都在经受持续的病痛折磨。

雇主难以对长症新冠患者提供支持

为什么概率范围区间如此之大,其中一个原因在于,长症新冠的症状和严重程度可能各有不同。例如,艾伦的神经系统就受到了影响,并有哮喘症状,如今甚至出现了肾病三期——他的医生也不确定肾病是源于新冠病毒,还是源于因长期服用偏头痛药物所产生的副作用,他自患上长症新冠之后就开始出现偏头痛的症状。

长症新冠病患的各类症状和不同的严重程度也让客观的诊断充满了挑战性,同时雇员在患病后也很难向雇主证明,而雇主也只有在了解相应病症之后才能决定如何为员工提供合适的支持。

韦莱韬悦(Willis Towers Watson)医师、董事总经理兼人口健康负责人杰夫•勒文-舍兹(Jeff Levin-Scherz)称:“新冠肺炎可能会引发人们出现某种程度的功能性障碍,这从客观上来讲是非常容易证明的。不过挑战在于,在一些长症新冠的病例中,医生很难去证明这些症状。”很多长症新冠病患存在脑雾以及难以集中注意力的问题,这些问题通过测试可能无法察觉。

人力资源管理学会(SHRM)的人力资源顾问约翰•杜尼(John Dooney)说:“可能是咳嗽、头疼、呼吸困难或疲劳。医师必须结合多种症状才能做出诊断。我们无法通过一种测试便得出结论:你患的是长症新冠。”

杜尼指出,然而,越来越多的雇主可能会发现,他们会遇到长症新冠的问题,尤其是随着更多职场的重启以及更多的雇员再次返回办公室办公。他说:“我们如今看到越来越多与长症新冠有关的问题,因为如果有人居家办公,他们的疲劳程度可能就会有所不同。”

杜尼还表示,对于长症新冠病患来说,远程办公并不一定是一个合适的解决方案,但它有助于减少往返办公室以及成天在办公桌前就坐的负面影响。然而,人力资源公司LaSalle Network在6月份开展的一项调查显示,在依然有雇员进行远程工作的公司当中,有74%计划让员工在今秋返回办公室工作。

对于长症新冠病患来说,都有哪些现有的支持?

像杜尼和勒文-舍兹这样的专家称,为以防万一,人力资源经理和公司领导人应做好准备,因为某些员工可能会因为未来数周或数月出现的长症新冠,要求额外的休假时间或相应安排。既有可能是简单的请病假,也有可能是提交个人失能状态申请。

在疫情期间,要求雇主提供带薪病假的地区迅速扩大。约16个州和华盛顿特区均要求(或很快将要求)众多雇主为员工提供带薪病假。

很多公司还出台了自己的病假政策。Just Capital新冠疫情企业应对措施跟踪器显示,在排名前100的美国公司中,有36家在疫情期间宣布了新的带薪病假政策,或更新了现有的规定。杜尼补充说,他曾与众多雇主合作,思考实施开放的休假政策,也就是提供无限制的休假。

对于那些没有任何带薪病假的员工或像艾伦这样已经失去工作生活平衡的人来说,一些雇员可能会提交短期失能申请,不过,并非所有公司都提供这种待遇。当前,有五个州,加州、夏威夷州、新泽西州、纽约州和罗德岛州,要求雇主提供短期失能保险。

一旦带薪假期用完之后,雇员可根据《家庭和医疗休假法》(Family and Medical Leave Act),使用多达12周的停薪留职假期,或根据《美国残障人士法》(Americans With Disabilities Act)提出合理的诉求。一些员工甚至可能会把假期当做《美国残障人士法》提供的一种安排,但这段假期,就像《家庭和医疗休假法》所给予的休假一样,通常都是无薪的,而且很少会超过12-15个月。

杜尼说:“有时候,人们使用《美国残障人士法》的频率更高,因为它对雇员在某家公司的工作年限没有要求,而且适用于员工数量不低于15名的公司,因此该法案的关联度更高,而且用起来也更方便。”

值得注意的是,尽管残障法没有明确定义会保护哪一类失能状况,但这种状况通常必须是重症而且并非是临时性的。纽约Farrell Fritz律所雇佣法律师多米尼克•卡玛丘•莫兰(Domenique Camacho Moran)说:“这可能是当前存在盲点的区域。我们并不知道这是否是临时性的,或者是永久性的,以及新冠肺炎症状会持续多久?”

然而,拜登总统最近称,一些经历了长症新冠的美国民众可申领联邦伤残抚恤金。拜登在上个月晚些时候说:“我们将汇聚各个机构的力量,以确保患有长症新冠的失能美国民众能够获取残障法所提供的权益和资源。”

为了实现这一目标,美国卫生与人类服务部(Department of Health and Human Services)在7月发布了非强制性指引,认为长症新冠会大幅限制患者主要的生活活动,而且在某些情况下可被视为一种受保护的失能状态。

雇主应如何为员工提供长症新冠方面的支持

莫兰说,大多数公司在应对长症新冠问题时都会走一步看一步,其中很多公司会依靠现有的休假和失能政策框架。

她说:“在过去大约17个月的时间中,雇主一直为此头疼不已,因为每一天都会冒出来不同的法律,不同的对待方式以及不同的责任等。因此我认为,这些公司管理这类事情的方式就只能是走一步看一步。”

莫兰说,从雇主的角度来讲,至关重要的一点在于,人力资源经理应与雇员沟通,了解他们的需求。她说:“了解为什么员工会提出这些要求,然后再决定公司的解决方案是否合理,或者是否有替代方案能够满足雇员的需求。”

她还警告雇主不要草率地对员工下结论。莫兰说:“我们无法推断某位员工并未患有长症新冠,也不应该推断他们得了这种病。”雇主在评估是否批准雇员另行休假或给予其他安排时,应依据医疗专业人士出具的文件。

此举可能不仅仅是允许员工继续居家办公。莫兰说:“我们必须要认真思考,远程办公是否真的能解决问题。”她还指出,雇主可能得做好准备,缩短工作日时长,并在工作日提供更多的休息时间。

莫兰说,雇主还应做好准备,采用一致的方式来应对雇员提出的安排诉求。她说:“每一次都得采用同样的流程,这一点真的很重要。”这意味着,雇主必须要求任何寻求相应安排的雇员提供类似的文件;提前确定由哪个部门来受理这些要求所涉及的相应文件;同时确定专人来进行评估和做出决定。

说到文件,莫兰还建议,如果雇员希望获得长症新冠的相应安排,或超过14-21天的病假,那么就应在提供新冠检测阳性文件的同时做好提供其他相关材料的准备。她说:“如果雇员因某些情况的限制,无法在低于21天的窗口期之内返回工作岗位,那么我们便需要其他一些观点或文件来解释其中的原因。”

尽管长症新冠病例可能会促使一些公司评估和更新其病假政策,但勒文-舍兹称,雇主一开始必须把降低员工与新冠病毒的接触概率作为首要工作。(财富中文网)

译者:冯丰

审校:夏林

俄克拉•荷马州摩尔市小学教师斯考特•艾伦(Scott Allen)在2020年8月底,也就是在开学两天前开始感到不适。诊断结果:新冠肺炎。

斯考特对《财富》说:“这是我得过的最严重的流感。我基本上都躺在床上。”

尽管艾伦在与新冠抗争的过程中并未住院,但在联邦救援条例所规定的两周带薪休假结束之后,这些症状依然持续了很长的时间。艾伦从事教育行业已经有30多年的时间,而且积攒了130多天的病假,他自认为这些时间应该足以让自己战胜病魔。

然而这些症状一直在持续,包括慢性疲劳、双手震颤、偏头痛、气短和脑雾。基于这些原因,艾伦无法回归工作岗位。他在这段时间看的医生也越来越多,包括肺脏科专家、心血管科专家、神经科专家以及肾病科专家。

艾伦说:“有一段时间,光洗个衣服就累得不行。有时候我觉得有所好转,就会想‘快要到头了。’然而两天后又会出现症状,真是让人心力交瘁。”

在检测出新冠阳性近一年之后,艾伦依然在忍受着病痛的折磨,他如今被诊断为“长症新冠”。他的症状非常严重,以至于无法回到学校教书。他不得不依赖其他教师和员工捐赠的病假来延长其带薪假期。直到今年6月1日,他才以56岁的年龄正式退休。

艾伦说:“我并不打算退休。”他表示,自己计划在女儿上完大学以及自己的社保和退休投资获批之后再退休。他的女儿今年才开始念高中。如今,他正在花费其养老金,希望通过申请社保残障保险来弥补不足。

遭受长症新冠折磨的病患有多少?

我们仍不清楚到底有多少人在感染新冠肺炎后会演变为长症新冠。英国新冠纵向健康和福祉全国核心调查上周发布的一篇报告称,在对初期感染后新冠症状持续至少12周的病患的调查发现,新冠阳性患者演变为长症新冠的比例为2.3%到37%。

然而英国机构的这篇报道发现,感染新冠后存在严重症状并难以开展日常活动的病患比例要小得多,从20多岁受调人群的约1.2%到60多岁人群的4.8%。

约3400万美国民众自疫情爆发以来被确诊感染了新冠肺炎,不过,一些研究认为真实数字可能接近其两倍。然而,即便遭受长症新冠折磨的病患只占很小的比例,但这也意味着数十万、甚至可能高达数百万美国民众都在经受持续的病痛折磨。

雇主难以对长症新冠患者提供支持

为什么概率范围区间如此之大,其中一个原因在于,长症新冠的症状和严重程度可能各有不同。例如,艾伦的神经系统就受到了影响,并有哮喘症状,如今甚至出现了肾病三期——他的医生也不确定肾病是源于新冠病毒,还是源于因长期服用偏头痛药物所产生的副作用,他自患上长症新冠之后就开始出现偏头痛的症状。

长症新冠病患的各类症状和不同的严重程度也让客观的诊断充满了挑战性,同时雇员在患病后也很难向雇主证明,而雇主也只有在了解相应病症之后才能决定如何为员工提供合适的支持。

韦莱韬悦(Willis Towers Watson)医师、董事总经理兼人口健康负责人杰夫•勒文-舍兹(Jeff Levin-Scherz)称:“新冠肺炎可能会引发人们出现某种程度的功能性障碍,这从客观上来讲是非常容易证明的。不过挑战在于,在一些长症新冠的病例中,医生很难去证明这些症状。”很多长症新冠病患存在脑雾以及难以集中注意力的问题,这些问题通过测试可能无法察觉。

人力资源管理学会(SHRM)的人力资源顾问约翰•杜尼(John Dooney)说:“可能是咳嗽、头疼、呼吸困难或疲劳。医师必须结合多种症状才能做出诊断。我们无法通过一种测试便得出结论:你患的是长症新冠。”

杜尼指出,然而,越来越多的雇主可能会发现,他们会遇到长症新冠的问题,尤其是随着更多职场的重启以及更多的雇员再次返回办公室办公。他说:“我们如今看到越来越多与长症新冠有关的问题,因为如果有人居家办公,他们的疲劳程度可能就会有所不同。”

杜尼还表示,对于长症新冠病患来说,远程办公并不一定是一个合适的解决方案,但它有助于减少往返办公室以及成天在办公桌前就坐的负面影响。然而,人力资源公司LaSalle Network在6月份开展的一项调查显示,在依然有雇员进行远程工作的公司当中,有74%计划让员工在今秋返回办公室工作。

对于长症新冠病患来说,都有哪些现有的支持?

像杜尼和勒文-舍兹这样的专家称,为以防万一,人力资源经理和公司领导人应做好准备,因为某些员工可能会因为未来数周或数月出现的长症新冠,要求额外的休假时间或相应安排。既有可能是简单的请病假,也有可能是提交个人失能状态申请。

在疫情期间,要求雇主提供带薪病假的地区迅速扩大。约16个州和华盛顿特区均要求(或很快将要求)众多雇主为员工提供带薪病假。

很多公司还出台了自己的病假政策。Just Capital新冠疫情企业应对措施跟踪器显示,在排名前100的美国公司中,有36家在疫情期间宣布了新的带薪病假政策,或更新了现有的规定。杜尼补充说,他曾与众多雇主合作,思考实施开放的休假政策,也就是提供无限制的休假。

对于那些没有任何带薪病假的员工或像艾伦这样已经失去工作生活平衡的人来说,一些雇员可能会提交短期失能申请,不过,并非所有公司都提供这种待遇。当前,有五个州,加州、夏威夷州、新泽西州、纽约州和罗德岛州,要求雇主提供短期失能保险。

一旦带薪假期用完之后,雇员可根据《家庭和医疗休假法》(Family and Medical Leave Act),使用多达12周的停薪留职假期,或根据《美国残障人士法》(Americans With Disabilities Act)提出合理的诉求。一些员工甚至可能会把假期当做《美国残障人士法》提供的一种安排,但这段假期,就像《家庭和医疗休假法》所给予的休假一样,通常都是无薪的,而且很少会超过12-15个月。

杜尼说:“有时候,人们使用《美国残障人士法》的频率更高,因为它对雇员在某家公司的工作年限没有要求,而且适用于员工数量不低于15名的公司,因此该法案的关联度更高,而且用起来也更方便。”

值得注意的是,尽管残障法没有明确定义会保护哪一类失能状况,但这种状况通常必须是重症而且并非是临时性的。纽约Farrell Fritz律所雇佣法律师多米尼克•卡玛丘•莫兰(Domenique Camacho Moran)说:“这可能是当前存在盲点的区域。我们并不知道这是否是临时性的,或者是永久性的,以及新冠肺炎症状会持续多久?”

然而,拜登总统最近称,一些经历了长症新冠的美国民众可申领联邦伤残抚恤金。拜登在上个月晚些时候说:“我们将汇聚各个机构的力量,以确保患有长症新冠的失能美国民众能够获取残障法所提供的权益和资源。”

为了实现这一目标,美国卫生与人类服务部(Department of Health and Human Services)在7月发布了非强制性指引,认为长症新冠会大幅限制患者主要的生活活动,而且在某些情况下可被视为一种受保护的失能状态。

雇主应如何为员工提供长症新冠方面的支持

莫兰说,大多数公司在应对长症新冠问题时都会走一步看一步,其中很多公司会依靠现有的休假和失能政策框架。

她说:“在过去大约17个月的时间中,雇主一直为此头疼不已,因为每一天都会冒出来不同的法律,不同的对待方式以及不同的责任等。因此我认为,这些公司管理这类事情的方式就只能是走一步看一步。”

莫兰说,从雇主的角度来讲,至关重要的一点在于,人力资源经理应与雇员沟通,了解他们的需求。她说:“了解为什么员工会提出这些要求,然后再决定公司的解决方案是否合理,或者是否有替代方案能够满足雇员的需求。”

她还警告雇主不要草率地对员工下结论。莫兰说:“我们无法推断某位员工并未患有长症新冠,也不应该推断他们得了这种病。”雇主在评估是否批准雇员另行休假或给予其他安排时,应依据医疗专业人士出具的文件。

此举可能不仅仅是允许员工继续居家办公。莫兰说:“我们必须要认真思考,远程办公是否真的能解决问题。”她还指出,雇主可能得做好准备,缩短工作日时长,并在工作日提供更多的休息时间。

莫兰说,雇主还应做好准备,采用一致的方式来应对雇员提出的安排诉求。她说:“每一次都得采用同样的流程,这一点真的很重要。”这意味着,雇主必须要求任何寻求相应安排的雇员提供类似的文件;提前确定由哪个部门来受理这些要求所涉及的相应文件;同时确定专人来进行评估和做出决定。

说到文件,莫兰还建议,如果雇员希望获得长症新冠的相应安排,或超过14-21天的病假,那么就应在提供新冠检测阳性文件的同时做好提供其他相关材料的准备。她说:“如果雇员因某些情况的限制,无法在低于21天的窗口期之内返回工作岗位,那么我们便需要其他一些观点或文件来解释其中的原因。”

尽管长症新冠病例可能会促使一些公司评估和更新其病假政策,但勒文-舍兹称,雇主一开始必须把降低员工与新冠病毒的接触概率作为首要工作。(财富中文网)

译者:冯丰

审校:夏林

Scott Allen, an elementary school teacher in Moore, Okla., started feeling sick at the end of August 2020, just two days before school was set to start. The diagnosis: COVID-19.

“It was like the worst flu I’ve ever had. I was pretty well bedridden,” Scott told Fortune.

While Allen was never hospitalized for his bout of COVID, the symptoms persisted long after his two weeks of paid leave available under federal relief rules ran out. Allen had been a teacher for more than 30 years and had managed to accrue more than 130 days of sick time—more than enough time to see him through his illness, or so he thought.

Yet the symptoms dragged on, including chronic fatigue, tremors, migraines, shortness of breath, and brain fog. So much so that Allen couldn’t return to work. Instead, he spent his days seeing an increasing array of specialists: a pulmonologist, cardiologist, neurologist, and nephrologist.

“Some days just doing the laundry wears me out,” Allen said. “I have days that I think it’s getting better. I think, ‘I’m over the hump.’ Then two days later, something will come up, and I’m shot back down.”

Nearly a year after his initial positive test, Allen is still suffering from what has now been diagnosed as long COVID. His symptoms are so severe, he hasn’t been able to return to work. Instead, he had to rely on donated sick days from other teachers and staff to stretch his paid time off until June 1 of this year, when he officially retired at age 56.

“I wasn’t ready to retire,” Allen said, adding the plan was to wait until his daughter, who will be a senior in high school this year, was through college and his Social Security and retirement investments were vested. Instead, he’s now drawing on his pension and hoping to get approved for Social Security disability insurance to make up the difference.

How many people are suffering from long COVID?

It’s still unclear how many people who contract COVID-19 end up suffering from long COVID. Studies of those suffering from COVID symptoms for at least 12 weeks after the initial infection put the number of patients from 2.3% to 37% of those who test positive, according to a report published last week by the U.K.-based COVID-19 longitudinal health and well-being national core study.

But the percentage of COVID patients who have symptoms so severe they limit daily activities is much smaller, ranging from about 1.2% of 20-year-olds studied to up to 4.8% of 60-year-olds, the U.K. report found.

About 34 million people in the U.S. have been diagnosed with COVID since the start of the pandemic, although some research suggests that number could be nearly twice as high. But even if only a small percentage of those suffer from long COVID, it may mean hundreds of thousands—and possibly up to a couple of million—Americans are experiencing ongoing symptoms.

Long COVID can be difficult for employers to support

One of the reason that estimates vary so widely is the wide array of symptoms and severity that can appear with long COVID. Allen, for example, suffers from neurological effects, asthma, and now even Stage 3 kidney disease—a condition that his doctors are unsure is a direct result of COVID-19 or a side effect of the medication he was prescribed for migraines he started having as a result of long COVID.

The myriad of symptoms and the varying severity of long-COVID patients can also make it challenging to objectively diagnose and prove to an employer, which then needs to determine how to offer the right support.

“There are certain kinds of disabilities people might have from COVID, which are very objectively provable. The challenge is with some of the cases of long COVID, you can’t do that,” said Jeff Levin-Scherz, a physician and managing director and population health leader at Willis Towers Watson. Many times long-COVID patients have brain fog and a hard time concentrating, something that may not show up on a test.

“It could be a cough, it could be headaches, it could be difficulty breathing, it could be fatigue. It’s a multi-symptom diagnosis that the physician would have to make. It’s not like one test that says this is long-term COVID,” said John Dooney, an HR adviser with the Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM).

But more employers may find themselves confronting the issue of long COVID, particularly as more workplaces reopen and more employees work from the office again, Dooney said. “We’re now seeing more issues around long-term COVID, which may not have been as prevalent earlier, because if someone’s working at home, they may not feel the same level of fatigue,” he said.

Working remotely isn’t always a solution for long-COVID patients, but it can help reduce the effect of commuting to the office and sitting at a desk all day, Dooney added. Yet 74% of companies that still have employees working remotely are planning on returning to the office this fall, according to a survey conducted in June by staffing firm LaSalle Network.

What existing support is available for long-COVID patients?

Experts like Dooney and Levin-Scherz said HR managers and company leaders should be prepared that some of their workers may request additional time off or accommodations because of long COVID in the coming weeks and months, if they haven’t already. That may range from simply taking paid sick leave to filing for disability status.

During the pandemic, requirements for paid sick leave rapidly expanded. About 16 states and Washington, D.C., require (or will soon require) many employers to offer paid sick leave for workers.

Many companies also enacted their own sick leave policies. Of the 100 largest American employers, 36 announced a new paid sick leave policy or updated existing guidelines during the pandemic, according to Just Capital’s COVID-19 Corporate Response Tracker. Dooney added that he has worked with many employers considering implementing open leave policies, which provide unlimited leave.

For those working without any paid sick leave, or those like Allen who have already wiped out their balance, some employees may be able to fall back on short-term disability, although not all companies offer it. Currently, five states—California, Hawaii, New Jersey, New York, and Rhode Island—require employers to offer short-term disability coverage.

Once paid leave is exhausted, employees may be able to take up to 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected time off under the Family and Medical Leave Act or ask for reasonable accommodations under the Americans With Disabilities Act. Some workers could even ask for leave as an accommodation under the ADA, but that time off, like the kind provided under the FMLA, is usually unpaid and rarely longer than 12 to 15 months.

“Sometimes the ADA is used more frequently because it doesn’t require an employee to have been working at a company for a period of time, and it’s also for companies that are only 15 or more in staff size, so it’s more prevalent. It’s easier to access,” Dooney said.

It’s worth noting that while there’s no definition of the types of disabilities protected under the ADA, they usually need to be severe and not temporary. “That may be the place that we’re struggling at the moment. We don’t know whether this is temporary, or whether it’s permanent, or how long COVID will exist,” said Domenique Camacho Moran, an employment law attorney with New York–based Farrell Fritz.

Yet President Joe Biden recently said that some Americans experiencing long COVID could qualify for federal disability benefits. “We are bringing agencies together to make sure Americans with long COVID, who have a disability, have access to the rights and resources that are due under disability law,” Biden said late last month.

To that end, the Department of Health and Human Services released nonbinding guidance in July that suggested long COVID can substantially limit a major life activity and could be, in some cases, treated as a protected disability.

How employers should approach adding long COVID support for workers

Most companies are taking situations with long COVID one step at time, with many relying on existing time off and disability frameworks, said Moran.

“For the last 17 months or so, employers have been reeling because every day there is a different law, a different threat, a different set of obligations. And so I think the way in which they are managing these things is to take it one step at a time,” she said.

It’s vitally important, from the employer perspective, that HR managers speak to the employees, find out what they need, Moran said. “Find out why they’re asking for what they’re asking for, and then decide whether that’s an accommodation that’s reasonable, or if there’s an alternative accommodation that can meet the employees needs,” she said.

She also warned companies against jumping to conclusions about workers. “We can’t assume that someone is not experiencing long COVID, but we shouldn’t assume they are,” Moran said. Instead, employers should rely on documentation from medical professionals when evaluating whether to grant employees additional leave or accommodations.

And that may go beyond simply allowing employees to continue to work from home. “We have to be careful in thinking that remote work is the answer,” Moran said, adding that employers may need to be prepared to offer shorter workdays and more breaks throughout the workday.

Employers should also plan to handle requests for accommodations consistently, said Moran. “It’s really key that they’re doing the same process every single time,” she said. That means asking for similar forms of documentation from any employee seeking accommodations; determining in advance who gets the requested accommodation paperwork for these requests; and putting the same individuals in place to review and weigh decisions.

Speaking of documentation, Moran also recommends that employees be prepared to provide more than a positive COVID test to gain accommodations for long COVID, or for absences that are more than 14 to 21 days. “If there is something going on that’s going to limit an employee’s ability to work beyond that 21-day window, we’re going to need some other viewpoints or other documentation explaining what it is,” she said.

While long-COVID cases may prompt some companies to review and update their sick leave policies, Levin-Scherz said employers also need to prioritize reducing the chances that their workers will contract COVID in the first place.

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