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想成为这家公司的供应商,先承诺减排

想成为这家公司的供应商,先承诺减排

Tovin Lapan 2021-06-30
最近几年,Salesforce一直致力于降低供应链的碳排放,直到它在今年4月正式推出Sustainability Exhibit,它的供应商才真正对这个问题有了明确的预期。

图片来源:David Paul Morris—Bloomberg/Getty Images

今年早些时候,就在Salesforce刚刚推出Sustainability Exhibit计划时,该公司的可持续发展副总裁帕特里克•弗林就有预感该计划会获得很好的反响。这是因为Salesforce已经花了几年的时间,与部分供应商对这个计划进行了测试。

最近几年,Salesforce一直致力于降低供应链的碳排放,直到它在今年4月正式推出Sustainability Exhibit,它的供应商才真正对这个问题有了明确的预期。这些供应商在签订新合同的时候也更加注重减排目标,在交付产品和服务时也更加重视碳中和问题。

弗林说:“当前阶段,关注气候变化问题刻不容缓,在这些迟迟没有取得进展的领域,我们更加需要清晰和透明。”他认为,一些小型企业和特定行业更加需要这方面的帮助和指导。“但是现在,我们可以讨论这个问题,并且和它们展开合作了。”

凭借这些新的合同条款,Salesforce开始正式向更加棘手的问题发起总攻,也就是供应链的3级排放问题(又称“其他间接排放”),也就是在企业直接经营之外产生的排放,比如在出差、处置废品和供给过程中产生的排放。

有分析人士指出,虽然也有其他企业曾经研究过降低3级排放的问题,但Salesforce的方案的特别之处在于,它要求供应商设定明确的减排目标,并且把报告环境影响作为一项合同义务,并且还在合同中约定了没有实现这些减排目标的后果。

2013年,Salesforce就其环境影响和环保目标,发布了该公司的第一份可持续发展报告。同年,该公司宣布它旗下的所有数据中心都将使用可再生能源。自此之后,Salesforce就将自己定为成可持续发展领域的领军者,并且誓言要坚决落实《巴黎协定》(Paris Agreement)的倡议,为确保全球升温不超过1.5摄氏度的目标而努力。

Salesforce的承诺也是迄今为止,美国企业为降低供应链碳排放进行的最大规模的一场试验。

美国GreenBiz集团(GreenBiz Group)的主席乔尔•马科尔称:“说起企业在气候变化上采取的努力,Salesforce绝对是在第一档的。它们看到了引领市场、推动供应商和客户采取行动的机遇和必要性。”

凭借此次推出的Sustainability Exhibit计划,Salesforce正在采取更实际的方法,确保立竿见影解决气候变化问题。

弗林指出:“只通过经营业绩来评判一家公司的时代已经结束了。现在人们对企业的评判标准,是评判它的整条价值链,同时还要看它是否在企业的围墙之外推动了社会的积极变革。”

经过多年的努力,那些关注气候变化的企业已经基本解决了最容易解决的问题。2001年确定的《温室气体议定书》(Greenhouse Gas Protocol)将温室气体分为三个报告类别。1级排放指的是一家企业所控制的资源直接排放的温室气体,2级排放包括企业在采购电、热、气、冷等服务的过程中间接排放的温室气体,3级排放(又称价值链排放)是很多企业降低排放的最后一关,因为3级排放涉及的领域,往往是企业本身最难以控制的部分。这些排放并非来自企业拥有或控制的资源和活动,而是来自于它的价值链上的排放。3级排放往往占据了一家企业总体温室气体排放的大部分。

GreenBiz集团的主席乔•马科尔表示:“在多数行业,对环境的影响80%到90%都发生在供应链上,而并非发生在企业内部。”他指出,企业光靠优化自身的设备和运营是不够的。“现在,环保的可持续性往往与商业风险挂钩,投资者和借贷机构也越来越关注环保问题,因此,企业如何在环保问题上处理好与供应链的关系,已经成了一个愈发重要的问题。”

现在,不论是客户、员工还是股东,都在要求企业采取有力行动应对气候变化。贝莱德集团(BlackRock Group)等投资机构也把环保责任作为投资战略的重要组成部分。2021年上半年,埃克森美孚(ExxonMobil)的一群股东成功发动“政变”,赶走了三名董事会成员,换成了几个支持更加雄心勃勃的减排计划的人。达美航空(Delta Air Lines)的股东也通过投票迫使公司披露更多的排放信息,并且努力减少公司的碳排放。

Salesforce的Sustainability Exhibit计划要求供应商根据将全球升温限制在1.5摄氏度的目标,科学设置自己的减排目标,并规定供应商必须就碳排放情况进行报告。如果供应商未能达到减排目标,则要求它们购买碳积分作为补偿。如果供应商在可持续发展上的做法未能达标,而且损害了Saleforce在环保问题上的声誉,则Salesforce有权终止合同。

弗林称:“我认为这是一种合作倡议。作为一个非常关注气候问题的客户,我们希望利用自己的声音和影响力,帮助供应商走上自己的环保道路。”

帕森斯设计学院(Parsons School of Design)的战略设计与管理系副教授拉兹•戈德尼克认为,Salesforce的做法代表了“可持续发展理念从一般到觉醒的过程”,它开始更多关注温室气体排放目标,而不是目光短浅地只关注利润。

戈德尼克指出:“以前在标准不明确的时候,对企业来说,一定程度上是比较方便的。这样企业很容易宣称自己已经做了正确的事情。可持续发展理念的觉醒,意味着企业正在朝另一种状态转变,企业不再关注利益最大化,而是更加关注可持续发展。”

弗林表示,随着气候变化问题越来越得迫切,Salesforce等企业已经看到了采取实质性变革的必要性。目前,很多企业都转变了在可持续发展问题上的战略。Salesforce公司也认为,可持续发展与该公司的商业战略是一致的。

他说:“我们的很多客户的环保意识已经觉醒,它们对气候变化问题十分关注,而且希望在这方面采取行动。所以帮助供应商、客户和社区在应对气候变化上采取切实行动,是符合我们公司的商业利益的。”

Salesforce的目标是在2024年前,让占其3级排放量60%的供应商都采用该计划,目前这个目标已经实现了一半。

戈德尼克称:“可能不会有供应商因为这个问题而被终止合作,另外,它们也能够通过积极应对气候变化来提升品牌地位。从Salesforce的角度来看,这是一个双赢。”

Salesforce公司要求供应商必须科学设置减排目标,但如何“科学设置目标”,则在很大程度上取决于供应商自己。对于没能实现这些目标的供应商,Salesforce还提供了补救措施。

不过,有分析人士指出,要满足这些目标,解决3级排放问题,对资源有限的小型供应商来说可能是很有难度的。

弗林指出,在Sustainability Exhibit计划正式发布前,Salesforce公司已经与供应商就此问题展开合作,了解了供应商需要哪些支持,这也是为什么这项新协议包含了排放报告的语言问题,目的就是为了发现问题并找到解决方案。

此外,Salesforce公司最近还推出了“可持续发展云”(Sustainability Cloud)服务,这是一款帮助企业追踪3级排放的软件。该产品也绑定了Salesforce的标准化报告。弗林表示,他希望Salesforce减少3级排放的做法可以起到“一传十、十传百”的效果。如果以后客户也能够带着类似的协议找他们签,并且主动要求追踪环境影响数据,那就说明他们的方法成功了。

“进步大于完美”

位于澳大利亚的软件公司Atlassian是Salesforce的供应商之一,早在Sustainability Exhibit计划发布前,它就学习了Salesforce在气候变化问题上的经验。2019年秋天,Atlassian制定了到2025年100%使用可再生能源的目标。该公司的全球可持续发展负责人杰西卡•海曼给弗林打的第一个电话,就是咨询Salesforce在这方面有什么经验可以分享。

海曼说:“Salesforce帮助我们看清了实现目标所要面临的挑战。它们对Atlassian在这方面的进步起了非常重要的作用。”

首先,Atlassian要计算清楚自己的电力和燃料使用量,并且预测未来的使用量。主动适应环保标准并不是一件容易的事情。虽然该公司已经在悉尼建设了一个绿色环保的新总部,但它目前的办公场所很多是租赁的,该公司在设计和能源效率问题上能够掌控的部分也并不多。

因此,Atlassian采取了一种“进步大于完美”的做法,2020年,它通过购买能源积分实现了100%使用可再生能源的目标。现在,该公司计划减少化石能源电力的使用,从而使自己不再需要购买积分。

通过与Salesforce合作,Atlassian不仅实现了Salesforces的3级排放目标,同时它也为自己的供应商设置了科学的排放目标。

不过Atlassian的经历也表明,要降低3级排放是一件很不容易的事情。2019年到2020年,由于该公司业务的增长,它的能源使用和浪费量都增加了。

海曼称:“降低3级排放是很有挑战性的,因为每一年,作为排放大户的供应商都有可能有所变化。比如说,如果你和一个大型供应商签订了扩建办公楼的合同,那么这个合同有可能一年就到期了,下一年就不会再包含他们。所以它是一个变化的目标。”

展望未来,随着远程办公的普及,未来企业的能耗还必须考虑到很多在家办公的员工。有鉴于此,Salesforce也在重新考虑它的差旅政策,比如完全砍掉部分差旅,或者是在美国东北部和欧洲等地将飞机出行换成火车。同时该公司还在支持飞机清洁能源的研发。

弗林指出:“我认为,去年的经验告诉我们,作为企业,就算我们不整天坐着飞机飞来飞去,企业一样可以兴旺发达。这也让我们从减排的角度重新审视了我们的差旅政策和总体战略。”

弗林说,第一个方案是完全避免出差,第二个方案是尽量减少排放,最后一个方案是想其他方法减排,例如购买碳积分来抵消差旅过程中的排放。

他表示:“我们也意识到,靠购买积分抵消碳排排放是远远不够的,但至少目前来说,这是一种有助于减排的手段。同时我们还会积极减排,并且以后尽量避免排放。”

Salesforce并不是唯一一家积极推进可持续发展的科技公司。思爱普(SAP)最近也推出了自家的3级排放追踪软件,同时该公司力争在2025年实现碳中和,并豪言要在2050年前,将整个价值链的碳排放减少85%。

戈德尼克表示,Sustainability Exhibit计划是促进企业界就环保问题开展对话、解决3级排放问题的重要举措。他希望其他公司也能够效仿,并签署类似协议,确保它们在气候变化问题上的相关承诺可以切实得到落实。

“Salesforce公开的这个计划十分重要,而且它让其他公司也能够效仿,这是一件好事情。”他说:“没有透明度和统一的报告标准,我们很难知道哪家公司做了什么事情。我认为,未来最好的方法,就是由政府制定统一的法律法规,要求企业必须报告和减少碳排放。”

弗林认为,如果政府不首先这样做,客户就会要求企业披露更多环境影响。他认为,Salesforce的Sustainability Exhibit计划,反映了企业界正在推动建立环保领域的问责体系。

根据该计划,Salesforce订立或修订的所有合同和采购协议都会添加相关内容。截至2020年,该公司有28%的3级排放来自已经设立了科学减排目标的公司。到2024年,Salesforce的前250家供应商(占其3级排放的60%)预计都将加入该计划。

马科尔说:“如果它成功了,这将是一件大事,但它的实际效果仍然有待观察。这不是一个开关,你想开就开、想关就关。至于供应商会做何反应,Salesforce究竟会投入多少力量,目前仍然是一个未知数。”(财富中文网)

译者:朴成奎

今年早些时候,就在Salesforce刚刚推出Sustainability Exhibit计划时,该公司的可持续发展副总裁帕特里克•弗林就有预感该计划会获得很好的反响。这是因为Salesforce已经花了几年的时间,与部分供应商对这个计划进行了测试。

最近几年,Salesforce一直致力于降低供应链的碳排放,直到它在今年4月正式推出Sustainability Exhibit,它的供应商才真正对这个问题有了明确的预期。这些供应商在签订新合同的时候也更加注重减排目标,在交付产品和服务时也更加重视碳中和问题。

弗林说:“当前阶段,关注气候变化问题刻不容缓,在这些迟迟没有取得进展的领域,我们更加需要清晰和透明。”他认为,一些小型企业和特定行业更加需要这方面的帮助和指导。“但是现在,我们可以讨论这个问题,并且和它们展开合作了。”

凭借这些新的合同条款,Salesforce开始正式向更加棘手的问题发起总攻,也就是供应链的3级排放问题(又称“其他间接排放”),也就是在企业直接经营之外产生的排放,比如在出差、处置废品和供给过程中产生的排放。

有分析人士指出,虽然也有其他企业曾经研究过降低3级排放的问题,但Salesforce的方案的特别之处在于,它要求供应商设定明确的减排目标,并且把报告环境影响作为一项合同义务,并且还在合同中约定了没有实现这些减排目标的后果。

2013年,Salesforce就其环境影响和环保目标,发布了该公司的第一份可持续发展报告。同年,该公司宣布它旗下的所有数据中心都将使用可再生能源。自此之后,Salesforce就将自己定为成可持续发展领域的领军者,并且誓言要坚决落实《巴黎协定》(Paris Agreement)的倡议,为确保全球升温不超过1.5摄氏度的目标而努力。

Salesforce的承诺也是迄今为止,美国企业为降低供应链碳排放进行的最大规模的一场试验。

美国GreenBiz集团(GreenBiz Group)的主席乔尔•马科尔称:“说起企业在气候变化上采取的努力,Salesforce绝对是在第一档的。它们看到了引领市场、推动供应商和客户采取行动的机遇和必要性。”

凭借此次推出的Sustainability Exhibit计划,Salesforce正在采取更实际的方法,确保立竿见影解决气候变化问题。

弗林指出:“只通过经营业绩来评判一家公司的时代已经结束了。现在人们对企业的评判标准,是评判它的整条价值链,同时还要看它是否在企业的围墙之外推动了社会的积极变革。”

经过多年的努力,那些关注气候变化的企业已经基本解决了最容易解决的问题。2001年确定的《温室气体议定书》(Greenhouse Gas Protocol)将温室气体分为三个报告类别。1级排放指的是一家企业所控制的资源直接排放的温室气体,2级排放包括企业在采购电、热、气、冷等服务的过程中间接排放的温室气体,3级排放(又称价值链排放)是很多企业降低排放的最后一关,因为3级排放涉及的领域,往往是企业本身最难以控制的部分。这些排放并非来自企业拥有或控制的资源和活动,而是来自于它的价值链上的排放。3级排放往往占据了一家企业总体温室气体排放的大部分。

GreenBiz集团的主席乔•马科尔表示:“在多数行业,对环境的影响80%到90%都发生在供应链上,而并非发生在企业内部。”他指出,企业光靠优化自身的设备和运营是不够的。“现在,环保的可持续性往往与商业风险挂钩,投资者和借贷机构也越来越关注环保问题,因此,企业如何在环保问题上处理好与供应链的关系,已经成了一个愈发重要的问题。”

现在,不论是客户、员工还是股东,都在要求企业采取有力行动应对气候变化。贝莱德集团(BlackRock Group)等投资机构也把环保责任作为投资战略的重要组成部分。2021年上半年,埃克森美孚(ExxonMobil)的一群股东成功发动“政变”,赶走了三名董事会成员,换成了几个支持更加雄心勃勃的减排计划的人。达美航空(Delta Air Lines)的股东也通过投票迫使公司披露更多的排放信息,并且努力减少公司的碳排放。

Salesforce的Sustainability Exhibit计划要求供应商根据将全球升温限制在1.5摄氏度的目标,科学设置自己的减排目标,并规定供应商必须就碳排放情况进行报告。如果供应商未能达到减排目标,则要求它们购买碳积分作为补偿。如果供应商在可持续发展上的做法未能达标,而且损害了Saleforce在环保问题上的声誉,则Salesforce有权终止合同。

弗林称:“我认为这是一种合作倡议。作为一个非常关注气候问题的客户,我们希望利用自己的声音和影响力,帮助供应商走上自己的环保道路。”

帕森斯设计学院(Parsons School of Design)的战略设计与管理系副教授拉兹•戈德尼克认为,Salesforce的做法代表了“可持续发展理念从一般到觉醒的过程”,它开始更多关注温室气体排放目标,而不是目光短浅地只关注利润。

戈德尼克指出:“以前在标准不明确的时候,对企业来说,一定程度上是比较方便的。这样企业很容易宣称自己已经做了正确的事情。可持续发展理念的觉醒,意味着企业正在朝另一种状态转变,企业不再关注利益最大化,而是更加关注可持续发展。”

弗林表示,随着气候变化问题越来越得迫切,Salesforce等企业已经看到了采取实质性变革的必要性。目前,很多企业都转变了在可持续发展问题上的战略。Salesforce公司也认为,可持续发展与该公司的商业战略是一致的。

他说:“我们的很多客户的环保意识已经觉醒,它们对气候变化问题十分关注,而且希望在这方面采取行动。所以帮助供应商、客户和社区在应对气候变化上采取切实行动,是符合我们公司的商业利益的。”

Salesforce的目标是在2024年前,让占其3级排放量60%的供应商都采用该计划,目前这个目标已经实现了一半。

戈德尼克称:“可能不会有供应商因为这个问题而被终止合作,另外,它们也能够通过积极应对气候变化来提升品牌地位。从Salesforce的角度来看,这是一个双赢。”

Salesforce公司要求供应商必须科学设置减排目标,但如何“科学设置目标”,则在很大程度上取决于供应商自己。对于没能实现这些目标的供应商,Salesforce还提供了补救措施。

不过,有分析人士指出,要满足这些目标,解决3级排放问题,对资源有限的小型供应商来说可能是很有难度的。

弗林指出,在Sustainability Exhibit计划正式发布前,Salesforce公司已经与供应商就此问题展开合作,了解了供应商需要哪些支持,这也是为什么这项新协议包含了排放报告的语言问题,目的就是为了发现问题并找到解决方案。

此外,Salesforce公司最近还推出了“可持续发展云”(Sustainability Cloud)服务,这是一款帮助企业追踪3级排放的软件。该产品也绑定了Salesforce的标准化报告。弗林表示,他希望Salesforce减少3级排放的做法可以起到“一传十、十传百”的效果。如果以后客户也能够带着类似的协议找他们签,并且主动要求追踪环境影响数据,那就说明他们的方法成功了。

“进步大于完美”

位于澳大利亚的软件公司Atlassian是Salesforce的供应商之一,早在Sustainability Exhibit计划发布前,它就学习了Salesforce在气候变化问题上的经验。2019年秋天,Atlassian制定了到2025年100%使用可再生能源的目标。该公司的全球可持续发展负责人杰西卡•海曼给弗林打的第一个电话,就是咨询Salesforce在这方面有什么经验可以分享。

海曼说:“Salesforce帮助我们看清了实现目标所要面临的挑战。它们对Atlassian在这方面的进步起了非常重要的作用。”

首先,Atlassian要计算清楚自己的电力和燃料使用量,并且预测未来的使用量。主动适应环保标准并不是一件容易的事情。虽然该公司已经在悉尼建设了一个绿色环保的新总部,但它目前的办公场所很多是租赁的,该公司在设计和能源效率问题上能够掌控的部分也并不多。

因此,Atlassian采取了一种“进步大于完美”的做法,2020年,它通过购买能源积分实现了100%使用可再生能源的目标。现在,该公司计划减少化石能源电力的使用,从而使自己不再需要购买积分。

通过与Salesforce合作,Atlassian不仅实现了Salesforces的3级排放目标,同时它也为自己的供应商设置了科学的排放目标。

不过Atlassian的经历也表明,要降低3级排放是一件很不容易的事情。2019年到2020年,由于该公司业务的增长,它的能源使用和浪费量都增加了。

海曼称:“降低3级排放是很有挑战性的,因为每一年,作为排放大户的供应商都有可能有所变化。比如说,如果你和一个大型供应商签订了扩建办公楼的合同,那么这个合同有可能一年就到期了,下一年就不会再包含他们。所以它是一个变化的目标。”

展望未来,随着远程办公的普及,未来企业的能耗还必须考虑到很多在家办公的员工。有鉴于此,Salesforce也在重新考虑它的差旅政策,比如完全砍掉部分差旅,或者是在美国东北部和欧洲等地将飞机出行换成火车。同时该公司还在支持飞机清洁能源的研发。

弗林指出:“我认为,去年的经验告诉我们,作为企业,就算我们不整天坐着飞机飞来飞去,企业一样可以兴旺发达。这也让我们从减排的角度重新审视了我们的差旅政策和总体战略。”

弗林说,第一个方案是完全避免出差,第二个方案是尽量减少排放,最后一个方案是想其他方法减排,例如购买碳积分来抵消差旅过程中的排放。

他表示:“我们也意识到,靠购买积分抵消碳排排放是远远不够的,但至少目前来说,这是一种有助于减排的手段。同时我们还会积极减排,并且以后尽量避免排放。”

Salesforce并不是唯一一家积极推进可持续发展的科技公司。思爱普(SAP)最近也推出了自家的3级排放追踪软件,同时该公司力争在2025年实现碳中和,并豪言要在2050年前,将整个价值链的碳排放减少85%。

戈德尼克表示,Sustainability Exhibit计划是促进企业界就环保问题开展对话、解决3级排放问题的重要举措。他希望其他公司也能够效仿,并签署类似协议,确保它们在气候变化问题上的相关承诺可以切实得到落实。

“Salesforce公开的这个计划十分重要,而且它让其他公司也能够效仿,这是一件好事情。”他说:“没有透明度和统一的报告标准,我们很难知道哪家公司做了什么事情。我认为,未来最好的方法,就是由政府制定统一的法律法规,要求企业必须报告和减少碳排放。”

弗林认为,如果政府不首先这样做,客户就会要求企业披露更多环境影响。他认为,Salesforce的Sustainability Exhibit计划,反映了企业界正在推动建立环保领域的问责体系。

根据该计划,Salesforce订立或修订的所有合同和采购协议都会添加相关内容。截至2020年,该公司有28%的3级排放来自已经设立了科学减排目标的公司。到2024年,Salesforce的前250家供应商(占其3级排放的60%)预计都将加入该计划。

马科尔说:“如果它成功了,这将是一件大事,但它的实际效果仍然有待观察。这不是一个开关,你想开就开、想关就关。至于供应商会做何反应,Salesforce究竟会投入多少力量,目前仍然是一个未知数。”(财富中文网)

译者:朴成奎

Earlier this year, when Salesforce unveiled its Sustainability Exhibit, vice president of sustainability Patrick Flynn already had a good idea that the general response would be well received. That's because Salesforce spent several years testing the concept with a handful of Salesforce’s suppliers.

While the San Francisco–based company had been working for years to reduce carbon emissions baked into its supply chain, the introduction of the Sustainability Exhibit in April formalized expectations of its suppliers, adding requirements to new contracts to set carbon-reduction goals and deliver products and services on a carbon-neutral basis.

“At this stage of the climate emergency we need clarity and transparency in areas where we are stuck,” Flynn said, acknowledging that some smaller companies or particular industries may need more help. "But we know that now and can talk about it and work with them on it.”

With these new contract terms, Salesforce is taking a swing at one of the more intractable sources of a company’s carbon footprint, Scope 3 emissions, which include everything outside of direct operations, such as travel, waste, and supplies.

While companies have waded into the realm of reducing Scope 3 emissions previously, analysts said, Salesforce’s initiative is notable for requiring its suppliers to set targets for emissions reductions and making environmental impact reporting a part of contractual obligations as well as spelling out the ramifications for failing to meet the standards.

In 2013 Salesforce released its first sustainability report on the company’s environmental impact and goals, and that same year announced its commitment to powering all data centers with renewable energy. Since then, the company has positioned itself as a leader in corporate sustainability, unveiling a key initiative to align its environmental impact with limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius or less.

Salesforce’s commitment is one of the biggest experiments in corporate America to date to make a public pledge to improving the supply chain’s carbon footprint.

“I would put Salesforce at the front of the class when it comes to corporate action on climate change,” said Joel Makower, chairman of GreenBiz Group. “They see the need to lead and the opportunity to push the market, their suppliers, and customers forward.”

With the new Sustainability Exhibit for suppliers, Salesforce is taking a more hands-on and urgent approach to addressing climate change.

“The era of a company being judged only on its operational performance within its own four walls is completely over,” Flynn said. “Companies are now being judged by their full value chain, and its impact and work for positive change outside its four walls.”

Climate-conscious corporations have spent years harvesting the low-hanging fruit of sustainability. The Greenhouse Gas Protocol, established in 2001, divides emissions into three reporting categories. Scope 1 emissions are direct greenhouse emissions from sources controlled or owned by an organization, and Scope 2 covers indirect emissions associated with the purchase of electricity, steam, heat, or cooling. Scope 3, also known as value chain emissions, has been the last frontier for most companies looking to shrink their carbon footprint. The reason is that Scope 3 comprises the areas an enterprise has the least control over: emissions from activities and assets not owned or controlled by the reporting organization, but that the organization indirectly impacts in its value chain. Scope 3 emissions often represent the majority of an organization’s total GHG emissions.

“In most sectors, 80% to 90% of environmental and social footprint lies in the supply chain, not a company’s fence line,” Makower said, noting that companies’ incremental improvements to facilities and operations are no longer sufficient. “Now, as environmental sustainability has been equated to greater business risk, investors and lenders are paying attention more, and how companies engage with supply chains is a much bigger deal.”

Customers, employees, and shareholders are demanding concrete action on climate change, and investors like BlackRock are making responsible environmental stewardship central to their strategies. In the first half of 2021, a group of Exxon shareholders successfully waged a campaign to oust three board members for replacements who would support more ambitious climate action goals, and shareholders of Delta Air Lines voted to force the carrier to disclose more of its emissions data and information on efforts to reduce its carbon footprint.

The Salesforce Sustainability Exhibit stipulates suppliers set science-based targets for reducing carbon emissions to align with the 1.5-degrees target, mandates emissions reporting, and, if they miss targets, requires them to purchase carbon credits as an offset. If a supplier’s sustainability practices fall so short as to harm Salesforce’s reputation on environmental issues, the company can terminate the contract.

“We think of it as a call for collaboration,” Flynn said. “We want to use our voice and influence as a customer very focused on climate action, and help our suppliers on their own journey.”

Raz Godelnik, assistant professor of strategic design and management at Parsons School of Design—The New School, said Salesforce’s approach represents a move from “sustainability as usual to awakened sustainability,” focusing more on greenhouse gas reduction goals and less myopically on profits.

“Previously, to some degree it was convenient for companies when the benchmark was not clear. That way, it’s easier to claim doing the right thing,” Godelnik noted. “Awakened sustainability suggests a shift to a different state where companies are not optimizing for profit maximization, but rather for sustainability.”

Flynn agreed that a paradigm shift is afoot as the “climate emergency” becomes more apparent and corporations like Salesforce are increasingly seeing the need for more impactful change. Salesforce sees its sustainability as aligned with its business strategy.

“There is so much interest and awakening around climate change happening among customers, and they want action,” he said. “It is in our business interest to help our suppliers, help our customers, and help our communities take climate action at this moment.”

Salesforce’s objective is to get suppliers representing 60% of its Scope 3 emissions to adopt the plan by 2024, and the company is already halfway there.

“There probably won’t be any suppliers terminated because of this, and they reinforce their brand as a company at the forefront of climate change action,” Godelnik said. “From the Salesforce point of view, it’s a win-win.”

The company is mandating science-based targets and setting targets, but how the suppliers get there is largely up to them. And Salesforce offers remedies for not meeting the goals.

Still, analysts note that meeting these targets and addressing Scope 3 emissions can be difficult for smaller suppliers with more limited resources.

Flynn said working with suppliers prior to the release of the Sustainability Exhibit has given Salesforce insights on what support is needed, and that was one reason the new agreement included language on emissions reporting so they could identify problem areas and find solutions.

Additionally, Salesforce recently rolled out its Sustainability Cloud, software that helps companies track Scope 3 emissions. The product also ties into Salesforce’s push for standardized reporting, and Flynn hopes the move to tackle Scope 3 becomes contagious, saying one measure of success would be customers approaching them with similar agreements and requests for environmental impact data tracking.

“Progress over perfection”

The Australia-headquartered software company Atlassian, which counts Salesforce as a customer, was one company tapping into Salesforce’s experience in climate change initiatives prior to the release of the Sustainability Exhibit. In fall 2019, Atlassian set the goal of running on 100% renewable energy by 2025, and one of the first calls global head of sustainability Jessica Hyman made was to Flynn to see what lesson he could share from Salesforce’s similar initiative.

“[Salesforce] helped us see what we were up against to get there,” Hyman said. “They’ve been really instrumental in fast-tracking Atlassian’s progress.”

To start, Atlassian had to get up to speed on measuring its electricity and fuel usage as well as future usage projections. Embracing more environmental standards can be an uneven path. While the company is building a new green headquarters in Sydney, much of its current office space is leased, and the company can control only so much of the design and energy efficiency.

Taking a “progress over perfection” approach, Atlassian fast-tracked its 100% renewable energy goal by purchasing energy credits in 2020 to meet the objective. Now the plan is to continue to reduce its use of fossil-fuel-generated energy and eliminate the need for credits.

Helping Atlassian achieve its goals cuts into Salesforce’s Scope 3 tally, and Atlassian has also set its own objectives for working with suppliers with science-based targets.

Still, Atlassian’s foray into reducing its Scope 3 figures demonstrates how tricky meeting environmental targets can be. The growth of the company led to increases in fuel use and waste from 2019 to 2020.

“Scope 3 can be very challenging, because year to year your top suppliers representing the bulk of emissions might change,” Hyman said. “If you contract with a big supplier for an office build-out, that might be a one-year deal, and the next year they are no longer included. It remains a moving target.”

Looking ahead, the expansion of remote work means calculations must account for energy consumption of more employee home offices. Salesforce is rethinking its travel strategies, cutting some trips entirely while swapping trains for planes where possible, like the U.S. Northeast and Europe. It is also supporting development of cleaner fuels for planes.

“I think we learned last year that businesses can thrive in a world where we’re not hopping on airplanes all the time,” Flynn said. “It’s led us to rethink our travel policy and strategy overall through the lens of carbon emissions.”

The first option is to avoid travel altogether, Flynn said, then the next best thing is to reduce emissions to a lower output option. The last option is mitigation, such as purchasing carbon credits to offset the travel.

“We recognize carbon offsetting is not nearly enough, but it’s a way to deliver impact today while we try to reduce emissions and avoid them going forward,” he said.

Salesforce is not the only tech company unveiling a more ambitious sustainability agenda. SAP also recently rolled out its own Scope 3 emissions tracking software, and has set goals to be carbon neutral by 2025 and reduce carbon emissions along its entire value chain by 85% by 2050.

Godelnik said the Sustainability Exhibit is a major step forward for broadening the conversation on corporate sustainability and addressing Scope 3 emissions. He is hopeful that other companies will follow suit with similar agreements that put some muscle behind their climate commitments.

“It’s important that Salesforce made the agreement public, and other companies can copy and paste it—that’s good,” he said. “Without transparency and uniform reporting standards, it’s hard to know which company does what. I believe the best pathway forward is for our governments to step up with uniform laws and regulations that require emissions reporting and reductions.”

Flynn agreed that if governments do not do it first, it will be customers demanding more environmental impact disclosures, and he sees the Sustainability Exhibit as reflecting that push for more accountability.

The agreement will be added to new contracts, new procurement agreements, or contract renewals. As of 2020, 28% of Salesforce’s Scope 3 emissions come from companies who have adopted science-based targets, and Salesforce appears to be on track to reach its goal of getting its top 250 suppliers, representing 60% of its Scope 3 emissions, onboard by 2024.

“It will be a big deal if it works, but we need to wait and see how it actually manifests,” Makower said. “It’s not just a switch you can flip. How suppliers respond, and how much teeth Salesforce puts into this, are still to be determined.”

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