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这种新冠变异毒株,是一种突变的突变

这种新冠变异毒株,是一种突变的突变

Sy Mukherjee 2021-06-25
“德尔塔+”变异毒株比首次在印度发现的原始德尔塔变异毒株更具传染性,是一种突变的突变。

请做好准备,在全球疫苗接种率上升之前,你可能会不断听到这种说法:还有另一种新冠病毒变异株需要关注。这不是在美国接种不足的地区感染人数激增的德尔塔变异毒株。这是新冠病毒“德尔塔+”变异毒株(Delta Plus)。它似乎比首次在印度发现的原始德尔塔变异毒株更具传染性。正如许多病毒身上经常发生的情形一样,这是一种突变的突变。

印度卫生部本周表示,已经在全国四个邦确认了至少22例“德尔塔+”感染病例。该国卫生部门现在将这种病毒株称为“高关注变异株”(variant of concern)。这种变体可能具有更强的传染性和危险性,或者对现有的治疗方案和疫苗不太敏感,所以需要密切关注。这种特殊的变异毒株最初是在欧洲发现的(尽管德尔塔变异毒株最初是在印度发现的),但随后开始侵袭印度的马哈拉施特拉邦、喀拉拉邦和中央邦等地。

印度政府还表示,目前已经有9个国家报告了这种变异毒株的感染病例。该毒株的官方名称为AY.1或B.1.617.2.1。这些国家包括美国、英国、葡萄牙、瑞士、日本、波兰、尼泊尔、中国和俄罗斯。

那么,新冠病毒的最新变体对我们的威胁大吗?正如一些公共卫生官员所指出的那样,现在下结论还有点早。印度政府决定将这种新毒株的风险状况从“需留意变异株”(variant of interest)升级为“高关注变异株”,但迄今可以获得的数据仍然非常有限,这是造成混乱的主要原因,因为根据世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)的定义,将“德尔塔+”称为“需留意变异株”似乎更合适一些。

“目前还没有数据支持将它升级为‘高关注变异株’这种做法。”伦敦皇家学会(Royal Society of London)的病毒学家、研究员加甘迪普•康在接受英国广播公司(BBC)采访时这样评价印度政府的决定。她补充说,要真正评估一种病原体是不是“高关注变异毒株”,你必须对数百名患者进行长期监测,看看这种突变是否会增加住院和死亡的可能性,是否会降低新冠药物和疫苗的治疗和预防效果。

这需要对患者进行真实的监测,看他们的病情如何,并追踪对“德尔塔+”的免疫反应等因素。印度政府这样做可能只是过度谨慎的缘故。毕竟,这个全球第二人口大国已经经历了两波不同的新冠疫情,迫切希望避免第三次。

在美国,原始的德尔塔变异毒株已经足以让人担忧了——美国疾病控制中心(CDC)上周将其称为“高关注变异毒株”。本月初,美国新报告的新冠感染病例中约有10%是由德尔塔毒株引起的。仅仅两周后,它现在占到新报告病例的20%,而且似乎在年轻人中传播得特别快。

如果不提高疫苗接种率加以预防,这个数字可能会继续攀升。但初步研究表明,接种两剂后,辉瑞(Pfizer)和阿斯利康(AstraZeneca)的疫苗在预防因为感染德尔塔变异毒株而住院治疗方面的有效性为92%至96%。

迄今为止,世界卫生组织已经确定了至少10种主要的新冠病毒变体,其中有的是“需留意变异毒株”,有的是“高关注变异毒株”。(财富中文网)

译者:任文科

请做好准备,在全球疫苗接种率上升之前,你可能会不断听到这种说法:还有另一种新冠病毒变异株需要关注。这不是在美国接种不足的地区感染人数激增的德尔塔变异毒株。这是新冠病毒“德尔塔+”变异毒株(Delta Plus)。它似乎比首次在印度发现的原始德尔塔变异毒株更具传染性。正如许多病毒身上经常发生的情形一样,这是一种突变的突变。

印度卫生部本周表示,已经在全国四个邦确认了至少22例“德尔塔+”感染病例。该国卫生部门现在将这种病毒株称为“高关注变异株”(variant of concern)。这种变体可能具有更强的传染性和危险性,或者对现有的治疗方案和疫苗不太敏感,所以需要密切关注。这种特殊的变异毒株最初是在欧洲发现的(尽管德尔塔变异毒株最初是在印度发现的),但随后开始侵袭印度的马哈拉施特拉邦、喀拉拉邦和中央邦等地。

印度政府还表示,目前已经有9个国家报告了这种变异毒株的感染病例。该毒株的官方名称为AY.1或B.1.617.2.1。这些国家包括美国、英国、葡萄牙、瑞士、日本、波兰、尼泊尔、中国和俄罗斯。

那么,新冠病毒的最新变体对我们的威胁大吗?正如一些公共卫生官员所指出的那样,现在下结论还有点早。印度政府决定将这种新毒株的风险状况从“需留意变异株”(variant of interest)升级为“高关注变异株”,但迄今可以获得的数据仍然非常有限,这是造成混乱的主要原因,因为根据世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)的定义,将“德尔塔+”称为“需留意变异株”似乎更合适一些。

“目前还没有数据支持将它升级为‘高关注变异株’这种做法。”伦敦皇家学会(Royal Society of London)的病毒学家、研究员加甘迪普•康在接受英国广播公司(BBC)采访时这样评价印度政府的决定。她补充说,要真正评估一种病原体是不是“高关注变异毒株”,你必须对数百名患者进行长期监测,看看这种突变是否会增加住院和死亡的可能性,是否会降低新冠药物和疫苗的治疗和预防效果。

这需要对患者进行真实的监测,看他们的病情如何,并追踪对“德尔塔+”的免疫反应等因素。印度政府这样做可能只是过度谨慎的缘故。毕竟,这个全球第二人口大国已经经历了两波不同的新冠疫情,迫切希望避免第三次。

在美国,原始的德尔塔变异毒株已经足以让人担忧了——美国疾病控制中心(CDC)上周将其称为“高关注变异毒株”。本月初,美国新报告的新冠感染病例中约有10%是由德尔塔毒株引起的。仅仅两周后,它现在占到新报告病例的20%,而且似乎在年轻人中传播得特别快。

如果不提高疫苗接种率加以预防,这个数字可能会继续攀升。但初步研究表明,接种两剂后,辉瑞(Pfizer)和阿斯利康(AstraZeneca)的疫苗在预防因为感染德尔塔变异毒株而住院治疗方面的有效性为92%至96%。

迄今为止,世界卫生组织已经确定了至少10种主要的新冠病毒变体,其中有的是“需留意变异毒株”,有的是“高关注变异毒株”。(财富中文网)

译者:任文科

Get ready to hear this again and again until global vaccination rates rise: There's another concerning COVID variant to keep an eye on. No, not quite the Delta coronavirus mutation that’s surging in under-vaccinated regions across the U.S. This is the COVID Delta Plus variant, and it's a seemingly more contagious coronavirus strain that sprang from the original Delta variant first detected in India—a mutation of a mutation, as tends to happen with many viruses.

This week, India's health ministry said it had identified at least 22 cases of people infected with the Delta Plus variant in the country across four states and is now dubbing the strain a "variant of concern," a mutation that may be more transmissible and dangerous or less susceptible to available treatments and vaccines—one to keep an eye on. This particular variant was first seen in Europe (even though the Delta variant was originally identified in India) but has since been hitting Indian states such as Maharashtra, Kerala, and Madhya Pradesh.

The Indian government also says that nine countries have now reported cases of the strain, which is being called either AY.1 or B.1.617.2.1 as official scientific names. Those nations include the U.S., the U.K., Portugal, Switzerland, Japan, Poland, Nepal, China, and Russia.

Just how worried should you be about COVID's latest mutation? It’s a bit early to tell, as some public health officials have pointed out. The Indian government's decision to upgrade this new strain's risk status from "variant of interest" to variant of concern with such little data available to date has been the main source of confusion, since a variant of interest seems to better fit the bill for the Delta Plus strain under World Health Organization (WHO) definitions.

"There is no data yet to support the variant of concern claim," Dr. Gagandeep Kang, a virologist and fellow at the Royal Society of London, told the BBC regarding the decision. She added that in order to actually assess a pathogen as a variant of concern, you have to monitor hundreds of patients over time and see whether or not the mutation makes hospitalization and death more likely, or a response to COVID drugs and vaccines less likely.

That would require both real-world monitoring of patients to see how sick they get and tracing factors such as immune responses to the Delta Plus strain. It may simply be a matter of extreme caution in India, which has already seen two distinct COVID waves and desperately wants to avoid a third.

There's already plenty to worry about in the U.S. with the original Delta variant, which was dubbed a variant of concern by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) last week. At the beginning of the month, about 10% of new reported COVID cases in America were caused by the Delta strain. Just two weeks later, it's now making up 20% of new reported cases and seems to be spreading particularly quickly among younger people.

That figure could continue to climb without even more vaccine vigilance. But preliminary studies suggest vaccines from Pfizer and AstraZeneca were 92% to 96% effective in preventing Delta variant–related hospitalizations following two doses of those shots.

There have been at least 10 major COVID variant classes, either of interest or of concern, identified by the WHO.

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