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因疫情减少的那些污染,即将前功尽弃?

因疫情减少的那些污染,即将前功尽弃?

Sophie Mellor 2021-04-25
随着各国进入经济复苏模式,全球碳排放量将持续增加。

国际能源署(International Energy Agency)在《2021年全球能源回顾》(Global Energy Review 2021)中表示,今年的二氧化碳排放量预计将增加约5%,这将是自2008年全球金融危机之后的高碳强度经济复苏以来,史上第二大增幅。

各国正在加快推动疫苗接种,同时通过了应对经济危机的广泛财政刺激措施,在这些努力的推动下,全球经济有望实现强劲增长,这将带动能源需求激增。结果会导致碳排放量增加,从而抵消新冠疫情所带来的污染减少的大部分积极效应。

预计大部分碳排放将来自燃煤发电的强势反弹。超过80%的煤炭需求增长将来自亚洲地区。美国和欧盟的煤炭消耗量也会有所增加,但可能依旧低于疫情之前的水平。燃煤产生的碳排放量预计将超过2019年的水平,可能达到2014年的史上最高水平。

令人感到乐观的是,可再生能源也能够满足部分新增能源需求。预计2021年,风力发电和太阳能发电在全球总发电量中的占比,将从2019年的不足27%提高到30%。全球新增可再生能源发电预计近一半来自中国,其次是美国、欧盟和印度。

本周,由美国总统乔·拜登主持的“领导人气候峰会”(Leaders Summit on Climate)讨论了气候行动。四十位国家领导人同时讨论了各国对《巴黎协定》(Paris Agreement)的承诺。

在会议之前,已经有部分欧洲国家决定将原计划的减排目标提前完成。英国在4月21日提出,到2035年将减少78%的碳排放。英国之前提出的目标是到2050年减少80%的碳排放。与此同时,预计美国、中国、日本和韩国也会加大减排力度。

4月17日,在美国气候特使约翰·克里访问上海之后,中美两国发表了联合声明,承诺两国“致力于相互合作并与其他国家一道解决气候危机,按其严峻性、紧迫性所要求加以应对。”

印度、印尼和墨西哥等新兴市场虽然也一直在考虑制定净零排放目标,但它们发现很难停用煤炭。与此同时,俄罗斯、沙特阿拉伯、澳大利亚和巴西等国在承诺净零排放之前,首先需要克服国内的能源生产与政治问题。(财富中文网)

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

国际能源署(International Energy Agency)在《2021年全球能源回顾》(Global Energy Review 2021)中表示,今年的二氧化碳排放量预计将增加约5%,这将是自2008年全球金融危机之后的高碳强度经济复苏以来,史上第二大增幅。

各国正在加快推动疫苗接种,同时通过了应对经济危机的广泛财政刺激措施,在这些努力的推动下,全球经济有望实现强劲增长,这将带动能源需求激增。结果会导致碳排放量增加,从而抵消新冠疫情所带来的污染减少的大部分积极效应。

预计大部分碳排放将来自燃煤发电的强势反弹。超过80%的煤炭需求增长将来自亚洲地区。美国和欧盟的煤炭消耗量也会有所增加,但可能依旧低于疫情之前的水平。燃煤产生的碳排放量预计将超过2019年的水平,可能达到2014年的史上最高水平。

令人感到乐观的是,可再生能源也能够满足部分新增能源需求。预计2021年,风力发电和太阳能发电在全球总发电量中的占比,将从2019年的不足27%提高到30%。全球新增可再生能源发电预计近一半来自中国,其次是美国、欧盟和印度。

本周,由美国总统乔·拜登主持的“领导人气候峰会”(Leaders Summit on Climate)讨论了气候行动。四十位国家领导人同时讨论了各国对《巴黎协定》(Paris Agreement)的承诺。

在会议之前,已经有部分欧洲国家决定将原计划的减排目标提前完成。英国在4月21日提出,到2035年将减少78%的碳排放。英国之前提出的目标是到2050年减少80%的碳排放。与此同时,预计美国、中国、日本和韩国也会加大减排力度。

4月17日,在美国气候特使约翰·克里访问上海之后,中美两国发表了联合声明,承诺两国“致力于相互合作并与其他国家一道解决气候危机,按其严峻性、紧迫性所要求加以应对。”

印度、印尼和墨西哥等新兴市场虽然也一直在考虑制定净零排放目标,但它们发现很难停用煤炭。与此同时,俄罗斯、沙特阿拉伯、澳大利亚和巴西等国在承诺净零排放之前,首先需要克服国内的能源生产与政治问题。(财富中文网)

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

Carbon dioxide emissions are estimated to increase by almost 5% this year—marking the second-largest jump since the carbon-intensive recovery after the global financial crisis of 2008, the International Energy Agency (IEA) said in its Global Energy Review 2021.

Demand for energy is expected to surge as a strong economic outlook is boosted by the accelerating rollout of vaccinations and widespread fiscal response to the economic crisis. As a result, emissions will increase—reversing much of the positive pollution-abating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Most of the expected emissions are driven by a strong rebound in coal-powered electricity. More than 80% of the growth in coal demand is set to come from Asia, predominantly led by China. Coal use in the U.S. and the EU is also expected to increase but will likely remain below pre-crisis levels. All combined, coal emissions are expected to surpass the level in 2019, possibly reaching the all-time peak of 2014.

More optimistically, renewable energy will also be able to meet some of the increased demand. Electricity from wind and solar power is expected to provide 30% of electricity generation worldwide in 2021, up from less than 27% in 2019. China is expected to account for almost half of the global increase in renewable electricity generation, followed by the U.S., the EU, and India.

Climate action was discussed this week at the Leaders Summit on Climate, hosted by U.S. President Joe Biden. Forty world leaders discussed their country's commitment to the Paris Agreement.

Ahead of the meeting, some European countries have decided to lower emissions faster than previously planned. The U.K. accelerated plans to cut carbon emissions 78% by 2035 on April 21. It had previously targeted reducing emissions 80% come 2050. Meanwhile the U.S., China, Japan, and South Korea are also expected to increase their carbon-cutting ambitions.

The U.S. and China issued a joint statement on April 17 after climate envoy John Kerry’s visit to Shanghai in which they “are committed to cooperating with each other and with other countries to tackle the climate crisis, which must be addressed with the seriousness and urgency that it demands.”

In more-emerging markets, countries such as India, Indonesia, and Mexico have been mulling a net-zero target but are finding it difficult to exit coal. Meanwhile in other countries such as Russia, Saudi Arabia, Australia, and Brazil, domestic energy production and politics will have to be overcome prior to committing to net zero.

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