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美国神秘集团突然看上这家意大利银行,其历史比美国还长

美国神秘集团突然看上这家意大利银行,其历史比美国还长

Eric J. Lyman 2021-04-01
西雅那银行成立于1472年,被认为是全世界连续经营历史最悠久的银行。

在漫漫时间长河中,意大利著名的西雅那银行(Monte dei Paschi di Siena)似乎经历了所有重大的历史事件。然后,美国人冲着它来了。

西雅那银行是欧洲最古老的银行,成立于1472年——正值早期文艺复兴的尾声,那时候的人们还在使用罗马数字做财务记录。自此之后,这家银行经历了瘟疫和外来势力的入侵,度过了经济繁荣和萧条期,见证过银行管理层似乎不会犯错的阶段,也经历过高管们的种种举动好像旨在让企业破产的时期。

这家银行在过去15年的大部分时间里举步维艰,虽然它与意大利的金融中心米兰相距300公里(185英里),但直到最近,它都还是意大利第三大银行。

在2007年至2008年金融危机爆发时,西雅那银行斥资90亿欧元收购了竞争对手Banca Antonveneta银行,但不久后就陷入了困境。对金融衍生产品的高风险押注和大量不良贷款,也让银行一蹶不振。西雅那银行的股价从2007年每股1.1万多欧元的高点,跌至今年3月30日下午的1.15欧元,跌幅高达100%。过去十年间,意大利政府曾经拨款80亿欧元,协助这家亏损银行维持运营,现在政府持股达66%。

西雅那银行成立于1472年,被认为是全世界连续经营历史最悠久的银行。近年来,该银行陷入困境,现由意大利政府掌握大多数股权。图片来源:Marc Hill—Bloomberg via Getty Images

过去几个月里,意大利媒体纷纷热炒美国公司询问收购西雅那银行的新闻,其中包括贝莱德集团(BlackRock)和孤星资本(Lone Star Capital)。贝莱德集团的发言人拒绝对此事置评,孤星资本的新闻部门也没有立即回应置评请求。

但外界关于西雅那银行的报道中,最吸睛的新闻和一个神秘的美国集团有关。该集团的领导人诺姆·迪克斯是一位在华盛顿州曾经连任18届国会议员的退休人士。迪克斯在美国首都工作时被誉为“波音先生”,因为他多次大力宣传这家航空航天巨头,而在其任职的大部分时间里,该航空公司的总部就设在迪克斯所在的地区。

据彭博社(Bloomberg)的最新报道(而后也得到了意大利媒体的证实),迪克斯正带领一家集团寻求募集40亿欧元,以求让这家穷困潦倒的金融机构转型为具广泛吸引力的强大银行。据彭博社报道,该计划可能会利用“全世界最古老银行”这一“声誉”,与海外的意大利人建立业务。

迪克斯在一份电子邮件声明中告诉《财富》杂志,他“没有参与”竞购西雅那银行。当被要求展开说明是否曾经参与此事时,他拒绝做进一步讨论。意大利财政部的一位消息人士告诉《财富》杂志,实际上在去年11月,迪克斯这个名字的确出现在美国某大型投资集团参与西雅那银行的竞购案中。该消息人士补充说,财政部的官员对迪克斯的背景并不熟悉。

迫切寻求买家

对意大利财政部而言,只要是财大气粗的竞购者开价——任何报价——似乎都无大碍。财政部的官员将其在西雅那银行的股份视为一种负担,而这也已经是公开的秘密;多年来,他们一直打算出售银行股份。多份报道称,财政部正在寻求让西雅那银行与竞争同业——排名意大利第二的联合信贷银行(Unicredit)展开合作,但联合信贷银行到目前为止都拒绝参与任何真正的交易谈判。

让意大利人感到费解的是,为何现在国外对西雅那银行的兴趣会明显大增。这间银行的前身是托斯卡纳的牧羊人在15世纪建立的“互助会”。

西雅那银行的一位发言人告诉《财富》杂志,该银行看到媒体称迪克斯的集团对此感兴趣的各种报道后,才得知此事。她补充说,迪克斯或任何代表都未联系过银行。这种情况也合乎情理:因为任何潜在买家都必须先获得意大利政府和财政部开出的绿灯,才有望进行交易。如此一来,如果有正式收购邀约,银行也不一定是第一个被告知的对象。

据彭博社报道,去年年底,迪克斯的代表首次就该交易与时任意大利总理的朱塞佩·孔特接触过,但当时吃了闭门羹。

任何感兴趣的集团都需要获得由马里奥·德拉吉领导的新意大利政府的同意。他当过8年欧洲央行(European Central Bank)的行长,对银行业并不陌生,在20世纪90年代,还曾经担任意大利财政部部长。如果有对西雅那银行的任何收购提议,都会交由该部门做最终评估。

西雅那银行的昔日荣光

在拥有5.5万居民和西雅那银行的托斯卡纳小镇锡耶纳,该银行的命运是一个近乎神圣的话题。几代人以来,西雅那银行的基金会就如同小镇的财神,从城中著名的赛马节(其传统几乎与银行历史一样悠久)到夏季音乐会,从校园戏剧节目到青年足球队,都会得到该基金的赞助。

西雅那银行审计委员会(MPS’ Board of Auditors)的前主席、目前在米兰的博科尼大学(Bocconi University)教授税法的托马索·迪坦诺认为,银行员工和锡耶纳的居民都认识到,他们所爱的银行需要被拯救。

但他想知道,美国人会是救世主吗?

“意大利试图阻挡外国参与本国银行业,已经有很长时间了。”迪坦诺说。“尽管如此,以前也出现过几次案例,大多数情况下,没有带来不好的结果,但那都是和其他欧洲银行合作。西雅那银行一直视自身更带有锡耶纳的特色,而不是托斯卡纳、意大利或欧洲。”

“美国想要拥有所有权,可能会是一次艰难的买卖。”他补充说。

锡耶纳的长期居民、锡耶纳大学(University of Siena)的银行学教授鲁杰罗·贝尔泰利告诉《财富》杂志,这家银行的历史根源尤为重要。他说,很多当地人都对意联银行的遭遇不寒而栗。这家意大利二线银行的总部位于米兰城外,自2019年起被意大利最大的联合商业银行收购后,正接二连三地从一个个市镇和广场消失,慢慢离开人们的视野。

“无论最终接手西雅那银行的是谁,只要声明‘我们认可银行的悠久历史,我们希望保持银行名称和传统,想要保留原本的特性’,那就能够说动很多当地人了。”贝尔泰利说。“如果他们可以这样做,我认为他们来自哪里并不重要。”(财富中文网)

译者:Emily

在漫漫时间长河中,意大利著名的西雅那银行(Monte dei Paschi di Siena)似乎经历了所有重大的历史事件。然后,美国人冲着它来了。

西雅那银行是欧洲最古老的银行,成立于1472年——正值早期文艺复兴的尾声,那时候的人们还在使用罗马数字做财务记录。自此之后,这家银行经历了瘟疫和外来势力的入侵,度过了经济繁荣和萧条期,见证过银行管理层似乎不会犯错的阶段,也经历过高管们的种种举动好像旨在让企业破产的时期。

这家银行在过去15年的大部分时间里举步维艰,虽然它与意大利的金融中心米兰相距300公里(185英里),但直到最近,它都还是意大利第三大银行。

在2007年至2008年金融危机爆发时,西雅那银行斥资90亿欧元收购了竞争对手Banca Antonveneta银行,但不久后就陷入了困境。对金融衍生产品的高风险押注和大量不良贷款,也让银行一蹶不振。西雅那银行的股价从2007年每股1.1万多欧元的高点,跌至今年3月30日下午的1.15欧元,跌幅高达100%。过去十年间,意大利政府曾经拨款80亿欧元,协助这家亏损银行维持运营,现在政府持股达66%。

过去几个月里,意大利媒体纷纷热炒美国公司询问收购西雅那银行的新闻,其中包括贝莱德集团(BlackRock)和孤星资本(Lone Star Capital)。贝莱德集团的发言人拒绝对此事置评,孤星资本的新闻部门也没有立即回应置评请求。

但外界关于西雅那银行的报道中,最吸睛的新闻和一个神秘的美国集团有关。该集团的领导人诺姆·迪克斯是一位在华盛顿州曾经连任18届国会议员的退休人士。迪克斯在美国首都工作时被誉为“波音先生”,因为他多次大力宣传这家航空航天巨头,而在其任职的大部分时间里,该航空公司的总部就设在迪克斯所在的地区。

据彭博社(Bloomberg)的最新报道(而后也得到了意大利媒体的证实),迪克斯正带领一家集团寻求募集40亿欧元,以求让这家穷困潦倒的金融机构转型为具广泛吸引力的强大银行。据彭博社报道,该计划可能会利用“全世界最古老银行”这一“声誉”,与海外的意大利人建立业务。

迪克斯在一份电子邮件声明中告诉《财富》杂志,他“没有参与”竞购西雅那银行。当被要求展开说明是否曾经参与此事时,他拒绝做进一步讨论。意大利财政部的一位消息人士告诉《财富》杂志,实际上在去年11月,迪克斯这个名字的确出现在美国某大型投资集团参与西雅那银行的竞购案中。该消息人士补充说,财政部的官员对迪克斯的背景并不熟悉。

迫切寻求买家

对意大利财政部而言,只要是财大气粗的竞购者开价——任何报价——似乎都无大碍。财政部的官员将其在西雅那银行的股份视为一种负担,而这也已经是公开的秘密;多年来,他们一直打算出售银行股份。多份报道称,财政部正在寻求让西雅那银行与竞争同业——排名意大利第二的联合信贷银行(Unicredit)展开合作,但联合信贷银行到目前为止都拒绝参与任何真正的交易谈判。

让意大利人感到费解的是,为何现在国外对西雅那银行的兴趣会明显大增。这间银行的前身是托斯卡纳的牧羊人在15世纪建立的“互助会”。

西雅那银行的一位发言人告诉《财富》杂志,该银行看到媒体称迪克斯的集团对此感兴趣的各种报道后,才得知此事。她补充说,迪克斯或任何代表都未联系过银行。这种情况也合乎情理:因为任何潜在买家都必须先获得意大利政府和财政部开出的绿灯,才有望进行交易。如此一来,如果有正式收购邀约,银行也不一定是第一个被告知的对象。

据彭博社报道,去年年底,迪克斯的代表首次就该交易与时任意大利总理的朱塞佩·孔特接触过,但当时吃了闭门羹。

任何感兴趣的集团都需要获得由马里奥·德拉吉领导的新意大利政府的同意。他当过8年欧洲央行(European Central Bank)的行长,对银行业并不陌生,在20世纪90年代,还曾经担任意大利财政部部长。如果有对西雅那银行的任何收购提议,都会交由该部门做最终评估。

西雅那银行的昔日荣光

在拥有5.5万居民和西雅那银行的托斯卡纳小镇锡耶纳,该银行的命运是一个近乎神圣的话题。几代人以来,西雅那银行的基金会就如同小镇的财神,从城中著名的赛马节(其传统几乎与银行历史一样悠久)到夏季音乐会,从校园戏剧节目到青年足球队,都会得到该基金的赞助。

西雅那银行审计委员会(MPS’ Board of Auditors)的前主席、目前在米兰的博科尼大学(Bocconi University)教授税法的托马索·迪坦诺认为,银行员工和锡耶纳的居民都认识到,他们所爱的银行需要被拯救。

但他想知道,美国人会是救世主吗?

“意大利试图阻挡外国参与本国银行业,已经有很长时间了。”迪坦诺说。“尽管如此,以前也出现过几次案例,大多数情况下,没有带来不好的结果,但那都是和其他欧洲银行合作。西雅那银行一直视自身更带有锡耶纳的特色,而不是托斯卡纳、意大利或欧洲。”

“美国想要拥有所有权,可能会是一次艰难的买卖。”他补充说。

锡耶纳的长期居民、锡耶纳大学(University of Siena)的银行学教授鲁杰罗·贝尔泰利告诉《财富》杂志,这家银行的历史根源尤为重要。他说,很多当地人都对意联银行的遭遇不寒而栗。这家意大利二线银行的总部位于米兰城外,自2019年起被意大利最大的联合商业银行收购后,正接二连三地从一个个市镇和广场消失,慢慢离开人们的视野。

“无论最终接手西雅那银行的是谁,只要声明‘我们认可银行的悠久历史,我们希望保持银行名称和传统,想要保留原本的特性’,那就能够说动很多当地人了。”贝尔泰利说。“如果他们可以这样做,我认为他们来自哪里并不重要。”(财富中文网)

译者:Emily

Over its long and eventful history, Italy’s storied Monte dei Paschi di Siena had seemingly been through it all. Then the Americans came calling.

Europe’s oldest bank, MPS was founded in 1472—the tail end of the early Renaissance, a time when financial recordkeeping was still conducted in Roman numerals. Since then, the bank has survived plagues and outside invasions, economic booms and busts, periods when the bank's management seemed incapable of making a mistake, and times when their every move seemed designed to sink the business.

For much of the last 15 years, it's been rough going for an institution that, until recently, was Italy’s third-largest bank despite being located 300 kilometers (185 miles) from the country’s financial capital, Milan.

MPS went into a downward spiral not long after it embarked on an ill-fated €9 billion acquisition of rival Banca Antonveneta just as the 2007-2008 financial crisis was unfolding. A risky bet on derivatives and a mountain of under-performing loans didn't help either. The MPS share price bombed from a peak of more than €11,000 per share in 2007 to €1.15 on March 30 afternoon—a decline of, well, let's call it 100%. The Italian state now holds a 66% sake in the loss-making bank after keeping it afloat with €8 billion in bailouts over the span of a decade.

Over the last few months, the Italian press has buzzed with reports of a few American names inquiring about a deal for MPS, including BlackRock and Lone Star Capital. A BlackRock spokesman declined to comment on the matter, while the Lone Star press office did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

But the most intriguing reports of outside interest in MPS centered around a mysterious U.S. group led by Norm Dicks, a retired 18-term congressman from Washington State who, while in the nation's capital, was best known as “Mr. Boeing” for his repeated and forceful advocacy for the aerospace giant, which was headquartered in Dicks’ district for most of his tenure.

According to a recent Bloomberg report, that was later confirmed by the Italian media, Dicks is heading up a group looking to raise €4 billion to transform the down-on-its-luck lender into a banking power with broad appeal. The plan appears to revolve around leveraging "the cachet" of "the world’s oldest bank to build a business with Italians abroad," Bloomberg reported.

In an emailed statement, Dicks told Fortune he is “not involved” in a bid for MPS. When asked to elaborate if he had ever been involved in the past, he declined to discuss the matter further. A source at the Italian Treasury told Fortune that Dicks’ name did in fact emerge as recently as November of last year in connection with a bid for MPS involving a large American investor group. The source added that Treasury officials were unfamiliar with Dicks' background.

Desperate to find a buyer

An offer—any offer—from deep-pocketed bidders would seemingly be a no-brainer for the Italian Treasury. It’s an open secret that Treasury officials see their shares in MPS as a burden; they’ve been shopping their stake in the bank for years. There have been multiple reports the Treasury is seeking an MPS tie-up with rival Unicredit, Italy’s second-largest bank. Unicredit has so far resisted engaging in any serious deal talks, however.

What's puzzling Italians is why there's now this apparent flurry of foreign interest in MPS, which was founded as a “mutual aid society” for Tuscan shepherds in the 15th Century.

An MPS spokeswoman told Fortune the bank only learned of Dicks following the various media reports about his group's alleged interest in the bank. She adds the bank hasn't been contacted by Dicks, or by anyone representing him. That stands to reason: any potential buyer would have to first get the green-light from the Italian government and Treasury to make a deal work. In that way, the bank wouldn't necessarily be the first group informed should a serious offer materialize.

According to Bloomberg, Dicks' representatives first approached then-Italian Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte about the deal late last year, and were rebuffed.

Any interested group would need to go through the new Italian government led by Mario Draghi, no stranger to the banking world after a high-profile eight-year tenure as the head of the European Central Bank. In the 1990s, Draghi was director-general at the Italian Treasury, the same entity that will ultimately evaluate any offer, should their be one, for MPS.

The one-time pride of Siena

The fate of MPS is a near-sacred topic in the Tuscan town of Siena, home to 55,000 residents and MPS’ home base. For generations, the MPS Foundation was like a wealthy godfather to the town, sponsoring everything from the city’s famed Palio horse race (the race is a tradition nearly as old as the bank) to summer concerts, school drama programs, and youth football teams.

According to Tommasso Di Tanno, a former chair of MPS’ Board of Auditors who now teaches tax law at Milan’s Bocconi University, the bank’s staff and the residents of Siena recognize that their beloved bank needs saving.

But the Americans?, he wonders.

“Italy has a long history of trying to block foreign participation in the country’s banking sector,” Di Tanno said. “Despite that, it has happened in a few cases and for the most part, nothing bad happened. But that was always with other European banks. MPS has always seen itself as more Sienese than Tuscan or Italian or European."

"American ownership might be a tough sell,” he added.

Ruggero Bertelli, a longtime Siena resident and a banking professor at the hometown University of Siena, told Fortune the bank’s roots are a huge deal. He said many locals shudder at the experience of UBI Banca, a second-tier Italian bank based outside Milan, which was acquired starting in 2019 by Banca Intesa, Italy’s largest bank, and is slowly disappearing from view, town by town, square by square.

“Whoever eventually takes over Monte dei Paschi could sway a lot of locals just by stating, ‘We recognize the bank’s rich history, and we want to maintain the name and the traditions. We want the bank to preserve its identity,’” Bertelli said. “If they do that, I don’t think it’ll matter where they come from.”

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