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经济繁荣时期,股市也会崩盘吗?

经济繁荣时期,股市也会崩盘吗?

Ben Carlson 2021-03-24
通货膨胀可能对股市有害,但很难想象投资者会在经济繁荣时期抛售股票。

很难相信仅仅在一年前,美国经济还处于冰封状态,隔离和封锁也是常态。企业倒闭、学校关闭、供应链锁闭,日常生活也封闭。因此,2020年的第二季度经历了有记录以来最严重的经济萎缩,年化率为-34%。

然而不知何故,我们现在正迈入经济繁荣的轨道。

高盛集团(Goldman Sachs)的分析师在最近的展望报告中预计2021年经济增长8%,年底失业率为4%。他们认为,到2023年,失业率可能会低至3.2%。美国财政部部长珍妮特·耶伦表示,我们最早可能在明年重回充分就业的局面。

当然,这一闪电般的转变事出有因。美国政府通过斥资和发放大量资金来维持经济运转,数万亿美元已经流向企业、市政当局和个人,包括最近1.9万亿美元的经济刺激计划。

所以,最近这次严重的经济萎缩很可能会是美国历史上最快的衰退,而政府的巨额斥资可能也会让我们见证极其强势的经济复苏。

去年3月,投资者还在担心再次出现经济大萧条(Great Depression)。然而现在随着人们陆续接种疫苗,再结合政府大额支出、供应被限制和需求被压抑这几个因素,我们很有可能会迎来一波通胀飙升。

另外,虽然通货膨胀可能对股市有害,但很难想象投资者会在经济繁荣时期抛售股票。

经济大好的时候,股市崩盘过吗?

这种情况很少见,但历史上还真发生过。

让我们回到20世纪30年代,也就是GDP这一衡量指标诞生的时期。当时,美国的年均实际经济增长率约为3%。股市并非经济,但随着时间的推移,GDP增长和市场之间存在一定联系,特别是大幅增长的时候。

这层关系并不完美,但我们可以看到实际GDP增长越快,股市的平均年回报率也会越高。

平均值通常会掩盖离群值,而这里的一个离群值是1937年。那一年的实际GDP增长率超过了5%,但标准普尔500指数(S&P 500)全年下跌了35%。不过,那一年股市严重下跌的原因是经济在年底开始放缓,导致了一场持续到1938年的衰退。

在股市下跌的情况下,最高速的经济增长出现在1941年,当时GDP同比增长了两位数,而标准普尔500指数一年来下跌了近11%。这是因为第二次世界大战吓坏了投资者。

否则,在经济增长如此之高的情况下,股市通常会出现强劲回报。在实际GDP增长达到8%及以上的11年中,有7年股市涨幅达到了两位数。

因此,股市在经济繁荣时下跌的情况相对少见。

不过考虑到当前的环境,我们也要注意一个预警。虽然股市很少在经济繁荣时期下跌,但也很少在2020年这样的严重衰退时期大涨。

鉴于股市已经从2020年3月底触底反弹近80%,投资者可能会做出“消息坐实就卖出”的反应。这一风险值得考虑在内。

然而,我们可能处在自20世纪90年代以来最强劲的经济环境之下,此时做空股市似乎是一个更具风险的主张。(财富中文网)

本文作者本·卡尔森(Ben Carlson)是里萨兹财富管理公司(Ritholtz Wealth Management)机构资产管理部门的主任。作者可能持有文中提及的证券或资产。

译者:秦维奇

很难相信仅仅在一年前,美国经济还处于冰封状态,隔离和封锁也是常态。企业倒闭、学校关闭、供应链锁闭,日常生活也封闭。因此,2020年的第二季度经历了有记录以来最严重的经济萎缩,年化率为-34%。

然而不知何故,我们现在正迈入经济繁荣的轨道。

高盛集团(Goldman Sachs)的分析师在最近的展望报告中预计2021年经济增长8%,年底失业率为4%。他们认为,到2023年,失业率可能会低至3.2%。美国财政部部长珍妮特·耶伦表示,我们最早可能在明年重回充分就业的局面。

当然,这一闪电般的转变事出有因。美国政府通过斥资和发放大量资金来维持经济运转,数万亿美元已经流向企业、市政当局和个人,包括最近1.9万亿美元的经济刺激计划。

所以,最近这次严重的经济萎缩很可能会是美国历史上最快的衰退,而政府的巨额斥资可能也会让我们见证极其强势的经济复苏。

去年3月,投资者还在担心再次出现经济大萧条(Great Depression)。然而现在随着人们陆续接种疫苗,再结合政府大额支出、供应被限制和需求被压抑这几个因素,我们很有可能会迎来一波通胀飙升。

另外,虽然通货膨胀可能对股市有害,但很难想象投资者会在经济繁荣时期抛售股票。

经济大好的时候,股市崩盘过吗?

这种情况很少见,但历史上还真发生过。

让我们回到20世纪30年代,也就是GDP这一衡量指标诞生的时期。当时,美国的年均实际经济增长率约为3%。股市并非经济,但随着时间的推移,GDP增长和市场之间存在一定联系,特别是大幅增长的时候。

这层关系并不完美,但我们可以看到实际GDP增长越快,股市的平均年回报率也会越高。

平均值通常会掩盖离群值,而这里的一个离群值是1937年。那一年的实际GDP增长率超过了5%,但标准普尔500指数(S&P 500)全年下跌了35%。不过,那一年股市严重下跌的原因是经济在年底开始放缓,导致了一场持续到1938年的衰退。

在股市下跌的情况下,最高速的经济增长出现在1941年,当时GDP同比增长了两位数,而标准普尔500指数一年来下跌了近11%。这是因为第二次世界大战吓坏了投资者。

否则,在经济增长如此之高的情况下,股市通常会出现强劲回报。在实际GDP增长达到8%及以上的11年中,有7年股市涨幅达到了两位数。

因此,股市在经济繁荣时下跌的情况相对少见。

不过考虑到当前的环境,我们也要注意一个预警。虽然股市很少在经济繁荣时期下跌,但也很少在2020年这样的严重衰退时期大涨。

鉴于股市已经从2020年3月底触底反弹近80%,投资者可能会做出“消息坐实就卖出”的反应。这一风险值得考虑在内。

然而,我们可能处在自20世纪90年代以来最强劲的经济环境之下,此时做空股市似乎是一个更具风险的主张。(财富中文网)

本文作者本·卡尔森(Ben Carlson)是里萨兹财富管理公司(Ritholtz Wealth Management)机构资产管理部门的主任。作者可能持有文中提及的证券或资产。

译者:秦维奇

It's hard to believe it was only a year ago that the economy was essentially put on ice. There were quarantines. Shutdowns. Closures of businesses, schools, supply chains, and our everyday way of life. This led to the worst quarterly economic contraction on record in the second quarter of 2020, clocking in at an annualized –34%.

Yet somehow we are now on track for an economic boom.

Goldman Sachs analysts said in a recent outlook piece they now expect 8% economic growth in 2021 and an unemployment rate of 4% by year-end. They think the unemployment rate could reach as low as 3.2% by 2023. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen thinks we could be back at full employment as early as next year.

Of course, there is a reason for this lightning-quick turnaround. The government has helped keep things afloat by spending and sending out gobs of money. Trillions of dollars have been sent to businesses, municipalities, and individuals, including the most recent $1.9 trillion stimulus bill.

So that enormous contraction was likely the fastest recession in U.S. history as well. And the sheer amount of government spending means we could see one of the biggest economic booms ever coming out of a downturn.

Investors have now gone from worrying about the potential for another Great Depression last March to the biggest risk being an inflationary spike from a combination of government spending, supply constraints, and pent-up demand as people get vaccinated.

Inflation can be harmful to the stock market, but it's hard to imagine investors selling their stocks in the midst of an economic boom.

Has the stock market ever crashed as the economy soared?

It's rare, but it has happened before.

Going back to the 1930s, which is essentially when GDP as a metric was invented, real economic growth in the United States has averaged roughly 3% per year. The stock market is not the econo-my, but there is a relationship between GDP growth and the market over time, especially when growth is high.

This is not a perfect relationship, but you can see the higher real GDP growth goes, the higher av-erage annual stock market returns tend to go.

Averages can often hide outliers, and the one outlier here was 1937. Real GDP growth came in at over 5%, but the S&P 500 finished the year down 35%. However, one of the reasons stocks fell so hard that year is the economy began to slow by the end of the year, which led to a recession that lasted until 1938.

The highest growth with a down stock market came in 1941 when GDP was up double digits year over year while the S&P 500 finished the year down almost 11%. This was an instance in which investors were spooked from World War II.

Otherwise, stocks have generally seen strong returns when economic growth is so high. In seven out of the 11 years when real GDP growth was 8% or higher, the stock market was up double dig-its.

So it's relatively rare for the stock market to fall concurrently with a booming economy.

There is one caveat that may apply with today's environment though. While it's rare for the stock market to fall during a booming economy, it's also rare for the stock market to boom in the midst of a nasty recession like it did in 2020.

There is the possibility of a “sell the news” reaction by investors now that the market is already up around 80% from the bottom in late March 2020. That is a risk worth considering.

However, betting against the stock market against the backdrop of what could be the strongest economic environment since the 1990s seems like an even riskier proposition.

Ben Carlson is the director of institutional asset management at Ritholtz Wealth Management. He may own securities or assets discussed in this piece.

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