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忍无可忍的激进投资者,是科尔士CEO面临的大麻烦

忍无可忍的激进投资者,是科尔士CEO面临的大麻烦

王波非(Phil Wahba) 2021-02-28
科尔士过去十年的营业利润不断下滑,业务增长停滞不前,令激进投资者十分不满。

2019年10月,科尔士的首席执行官米歇尔·加斯在华盛顿出席《财富》杂志举办的最具影响力的商界女性峰会。图片来源:Sarah Silbiger—Bloomberg/Getty Images

科尔士(Kohl’s)的部分股东对这家零售公司的疲软表现已经忍无可忍。

由于对科尔士过去十年的营业利润不断下滑、业务增长停滞不前感到不满,四家激进投资机构表示已经于2月22日提名9名董事,如获通过则将在科尔士董事会(该公司董事会由12名董事构成)中占据多数席位,此举也为今年5月科尔士年度股东大会上可能发生的激烈“代理人斗争”埋下伏笔。

该激进集团由Macellum Advisors、Ancora Holdings、Legion Partners资产管理公司和4010 Capital组成,共计持有科尔士9.5%的股份。上述机构表示,科尔士百货缺少真正有零售经验的董事,并且部分董事任职时间实在太久。(在科尔士的12位董事中,有5位已经在董事会任职超过5年。)

这些不满似乎引起了科尔士其它股东的共鸣:2月22日上午,受董事会改组消息影响,科尔士股价上涨了9%。较米歇尔·加斯2018年上任首席执行官之时,科尔士股价已经下跌16%,但相较于新冠疫情最低点,该公司的市值则翻了两番。

上述激进投资机构也在考虑削减高管薪酬、出售部分对公司日常运营并非必要的房产。在信函中,它们还对科尔士百货的广告支出及电商策略等具体业务提出了异议。

考虑到上述机构不仅拥有大量股份,Legion、Macellum和Ancora还曾经联手改组了Bed Bath & Beyond的董事会,并为后者委任了新的首席执行官,科尔士对其严阵以待也就不难理解了。

获得董事提名的人选包括Macellum现任首席执行官乔纳森·杜斯金、伯灵顿商店(Burlington Stores)前任首席执行官托马斯·金斯伯里和丹尼斯餐厅(Denny’s)前任首席市场官玛格丽特·詹金斯。

在激进投资机构列举的“罪状”中,科尔士百货净销售额“10年不涨”位列首位。2011年至2019年间,虽然该公司多次试图扭亏为盈,包括去年10月也公布了扭亏方案,但销售业绩却始终未见起色。虽然从表面上看,科尔士从彭尼公司(J.C. Penney)、梅西百货(Macy’s)等在疫情中实力受损的竞争对手手中抢走了市场份额,但该公司的同期营业利润率却近乎腰斩。

该激进集团在2月22日写给其他股东的信函中表示:“近年来,科尔士百货表现不佳,虽然高管团队历经更迭,但负责监督公司运营工作的董事会却基本没有发生变化。”

科尔士称去年12月一直在与该激进集团进行沟通。公司一位发言人在电子邮件声明中表示:“科尔士致力于为股东创造价值,也坚信公司2020年10月公布的全新战略框架将提振自身业务和盈利能力。”在随后发布的第二份声明中,科尔士表示,“我们不会允许该激进集团夺取董事会控制权、破坏公司成长势头,尤其是在公司实施强力增长战略的当下。”

然而,上述投资机构称,由于科尔士“组织架构(僵化),难以实施相关计划、为股东创造价值”,他们担心该公司无法在疫情消退后利用经济重新开放的机会实现业绩增长。

该激进集团举例指出:截至2020年初新冠疫情爆发前,科尔士百货该财年的净销售额为189亿美元,与8年前的水平大致相当,而营业利润则从11.5%下降至6.1%。

来自购物中心外竞争对手的压力

相较于那些位于大型购物中心内的竞争对手,科尔士的表现可谓优异。事实上,该公司也经常提醒投资者其95%的门店都在商场以外。但与Ulta Beauty、Gap旗下的Old Navy、Dick’s Sporting Goods和塔吉特(Target)等多家购物中心外的零售商相比,其业绩表现仍然有巨大差距。

去年前三季度,科尔士净销售额下降了25.3%,而造成业绩大幅下滑的主要原因则是去年春季疫情导致的闭门歇业。虽然在假期到来前其销售额的下降幅度已经明显放缓至10%,但与购物中心外的零售商还是形成了鲜明的对比。

基于其在运动服饰领域获得的成功,科尔士于去年10月发布了新的转型战略,计划剥离更多表现疲弱的自有品牌,并成长为美妆领域的一支重要力量。该公司还承诺将营业利润率提升至7%至8%之间。(科尔士将于下周发布第四季度财务报告时公布相关工作的最新进展。)

2014年,该公司曾经推出名为“伟大议程”的扭亏战略,主要内容同样是做大美妆业务、更新自有品牌,但该战略并未改变科尔士销售业绩的整体走向。

2018年,加斯开始担任科尔士的首席执行官一职,在其领导之下,科尔士采取了一系列重大举措,成功避免了公司销售额出现大幅下滑。自2013年加入科尔士百货,加斯就一直在推动科尔士向运动服饰领域大举进军,其中最引人注目的举动是引进了安德玛(Under Armour):目前,该品类销售额已经占公司总销售额的20%,加斯曾经表示未来该数字有望上升至30%。

虽然科尔士最终剥离了Dana Buchman、Rock & Republic等过时的自有品牌,但在打造与塔吉特自有品牌拥有同等影响力和敏捷性的新品牌方面却未能取得显著进展,于是转而集中资源引入更多竞争对手所没有的全国性品牌,如Lands’ End、Cole Haan和Toms。

科尔士还大胆地与亚马逊(Amazon)建立了合作关系,协助这家电商巨头处理退货工作,寄望借助引入额外客流提升销售业绩。但科尔士并未披露太多相关信息,因而难以知晓双方合作成效几何。

加斯最近还与路威酩轩(LVMH)旗下的丝芙兰品牌(Sephora)达成了“店中店”合作关系,将后者从彭尼公司成功挖走,瞬间让科尔士百货成了美妆行业的重量级参与者。彭尼时代,丝芙兰的顾客极少前往彭尼公司旗下其它商店购物,而能否在客户导流方面取得更好成绩自然也就成了摆在科尔士面前的一大挑战。(科尔士百货将与塔吉特店内的Ulta美妆商店展开竞争。)

尽管存在种种问题,但科尔士也有不少自己的优势。在诸多竞争对手的业务出现萎缩之时,科尔士依然拥有一大批忠实客户,旗下商店更是遍及全美,能够为客户提供各种名牌产品。但归根结底,想要实现产品差异化、为客户提供“人无我有”或无法网购的产品依然并非易事。

此外,正如塔吉特和沃尔玛(Walmart)假期销售数据所显示的那样,疫情期间,消费者更愿意在同一家商店一次性买齐从衣物、食品杂货到运动产品的各种商品,而不是分别在多家商店采买。

没有人知道疫情消退后消费者是否还会依然如此,但对科尔士而言,它必须给消费者一个充分的理由来打破这些习惯。(财富中文网)

译者:梁宇

审校:夏林

科尔士(Kohl’s)的部分股东对这家零售公司的疲软表现已经忍无可忍。

由于对科尔士过去十年的营业利润不断下滑、业务增长停滞不前感到不满,四家激进投资机构表示已经于2月22日提名9名董事,如获通过则将在科尔士董事会(该公司董事会由12名董事构成)中占据多数席位,此举也为今年5月科尔士年度股东大会上可能发生的激烈“代理人斗争”埋下伏笔。

该激进集团由Macellum Advisors、Ancora Holdings、Legion Partners资产管理公司和4010 Capital组成,共计持有科尔士9.5%的股份。上述机构表示,科尔士百货缺少真正有零售经验的董事,并且部分董事任职时间实在太久。(在科尔士的12位董事中,有5位已经在董事会任职超过5年。)

这些不满似乎引起了科尔士其它股东的共鸣:2月22日上午,受董事会改组消息影响,科尔士股价上涨了9%。较米歇尔·加斯2018年上任首席执行官之时,科尔士股价已经下跌16%,但相较于新冠疫情最低点,该公司的市值则翻了两番。

上述激进投资机构也在考虑削减高管薪酬、出售部分对公司日常运营并非必要的房产。在信函中,它们还对科尔士百货的广告支出及电商策略等具体业务提出了异议。

考虑到上述机构不仅拥有大量股份,Legion、Macellum和Ancora还曾经联手改组了Bed Bath & Beyond的董事会,并为后者委任了新的首席执行官,科尔士对其严阵以待也就不难理解了。

获得董事提名的人选包括Macellum现任首席执行官乔纳森·杜斯金、伯灵顿商店(Burlington Stores)前任首席执行官托马斯·金斯伯里和丹尼斯餐厅(Denny’s)前任首席市场官玛格丽特·詹金斯。

在激进投资机构列举的“罪状”中,科尔士百货净销售额“10年不涨”位列首位。2011年至2019年间,虽然该公司多次试图扭亏为盈,包括去年10月也公布了扭亏方案,但销售业绩却始终未见起色。虽然从表面上看,科尔士从彭尼公司(J.C. Penney)、梅西百货(Macy’s)等在疫情中实力受损的竞争对手手中抢走了市场份额,但该公司的同期营业利润率却近乎腰斩。

该激进集团在2月22日写给其他股东的信函中表示:“近年来,科尔士百货表现不佳,虽然高管团队历经更迭,但负责监督公司运营工作的董事会却基本没有发生变化。”

科尔士称去年12月一直在与该激进集团进行沟通。公司一位发言人在电子邮件声明中表示:“科尔士致力于为股东创造价值,也坚信公司2020年10月公布的全新战略框架将提振自身业务和盈利能力。”在随后发布的第二份声明中,科尔士表示,“我们不会允许该激进集团夺取董事会控制权、破坏公司成长势头,尤其是在公司实施强力增长战略的当下。”

然而,上述投资机构称,由于科尔士“组织架构(僵化),难以实施相关计划、为股东创造价值”,他们担心该公司无法在疫情消退后利用经济重新开放的机会实现业绩增长。

该激进集团举例指出:截至2020年初新冠疫情爆发前,科尔士百货该财年的净销售额为189亿美元,与8年前的水平大致相当,而营业利润则从11.5%下降至6.1%。

来自购物中心外竞争对手的压力

相较于那些位于大型购物中心内的竞争对手,科尔士的表现可谓优异。事实上,该公司也经常提醒投资者其95%的门店都在商场以外。但与Ulta Beauty、Gap旗下的Old Navy、Dick’s Sporting Goods和塔吉特(Target)等多家购物中心外的零售商相比,其业绩表现仍然有巨大差距。

去年前三季度,科尔士净销售额下降了25.3%,而造成业绩大幅下滑的主要原因则是去年春季疫情导致的闭门歇业。虽然在假期到来前其销售额的下降幅度已经明显放缓至10%,但与购物中心外的零售商还是形成了鲜明的对比。

基于其在运动服饰领域获得的成功,科尔士于去年10月发布了新的转型战略,计划剥离更多表现疲弱的自有品牌,并成长为美妆领域的一支重要力量。该公司还承诺将营业利润率提升至7%至8%之间。(科尔士将于下周发布第四季度财务报告时公布相关工作的最新进展。)

2014年,该公司曾经推出名为“伟大议程”的扭亏战略,主要内容同样是做大美妆业务、更新自有品牌,但该战略并未改变科尔士销售业绩的整体走向。

2018年,加斯开始担任科尔士的首席执行官一职,在其领导之下,科尔士采取了一系列重大举措,成功避免了公司销售额出现大幅下滑。自2013年加入科尔士百货,加斯就一直在推动科尔士向运动服饰领域大举进军,其中最引人注目的举动是引进了安德玛(Under Armour):目前,该品类销售额已经占公司总销售额的20%,加斯曾经表示未来该数字有望上升至30%。

虽然科尔士最终剥离了Dana Buchman、Rock & Republic等过时的自有品牌,但在打造与塔吉特自有品牌拥有同等影响力和敏捷性的新品牌方面却未能取得显著进展,于是转而集中资源引入更多竞争对手所没有的全国性品牌,如Lands’ End、Cole Haan和Toms。

科尔士还大胆地与亚马逊(Amazon)建立了合作关系,协助这家电商巨头处理退货工作,寄望借助引入额外客流提升销售业绩。但科尔士并未披露太多相关信息,因而难以知晓双方合作成效几何。

加斯最近还与路威酩轩(LVMH)旗下的丝芙兰品牌(Sephora)达成了“店中店”合作关系,将后者从彭尼公司成功挖走,瞬间让科尔士百货成了美妆行业的重量级参与者。彭尼时代,丝芙兰的顾客极少前往彭尼公司旗下其它商店购物,而能否在客户导流方面取得更好成绩自然也就成了摆在科尔士面前的一大挑战。(科尔士百货将与塔吉特店内的Ulta美妆商店展开竞争。)

尽管存在种种问题,但科尔士也有不少自己的优势。在诸多竞争对手的业务出现萎缩之时,科尔士依然拥有一大批忠实客户,旗下商店更是遍及全美,能够为客户提供各种名牌产品。但归根结底,想要实现产品差异化、为客户提供“人无我有”或无法网购的产品依然并非易事。

此外,正如塔吉特和沃尔玛(Walmart)假期销售数据所显示的那样,疫情期间,消费者更愿意在同一家商店一次性买齐从衣物、食品杂货到运动产品的各种商品,而不是分别在多家商店采买。

没有人知道疫情消退后消费者是否还会依然如此,但对科尔士而言,它必须给消费者一个充分的理由来打破这些习惯。(财富中文网)

译者:梁宇

审校:夏林

A group of Kohl’s shareholders has had enough of the retailer’s yearslong middling performance.

A quartet of activist investors—displeased with Kohl’s declining operating profit and stagnant business in the past decade—said it had nominated a slate of nine directors on February 22, a majority of its 12-person board. That sets the stage for a potentially brutal proxy fight at Kohl’s annual shareholder meeting in May.

The group, made up of Macellum Advisors, Ancora Holdings, Legion Partners Asset Management, and 4010 Capital, collectively holds 9.5% of Kohl’s shares. The firms say that too few of Kohl’s directors have true retail experience and that too many have been around for too long. (Five of Kohl’s 12 directors have been on the board for more than five years.)

Other shareholders seemed to agree with the group’s displeasure: Kohl’s shares rose 9% on February 22 morning on news of a shake-up. Kohl’s stock is down 16% from when Michelle Gass became CEO in 2018, though they have quadrupled in value since its nadir at the start of the pandemic.

The activists are also considering, among other things, whether to cut executive pay and sell some real estate that is not essential to Kohl’s day-to-day operations. In their letter, they took exception to aspects of Kohl’s business, such as how much it spends on advertising as well as its e-commerce strategy.

It is easy to see why the activists are being taken seriously: Beyond their large stake, Legion, Macellum, and Ancora previously teamed up to remake the board at Bed Bath & Beyond and install a new CEO.

The slate of board nominees includes Macellum chief executive Jonathan Duskin, former Burlington Stores CEO Thomas Kingsbury, and former Denny’s chief marketing officer Margaret Jenkins.

At the top of their list of complaints is a net sales level that remained virtually unchanged between 2011 and 2019 despite a number of turnaround attempts, including one announced in October, and an operating profit margin that fell by nearly half during that time, despite Kohl’s ostensibly taking market share from weakened mall-based rivals like J.C. Penney and Macy’s.

“These persistent failures have been led by several different senior executive teams but overseen by substantially the same Board,” the group said in a letter dated Feb. 22 to fellow shareholders.

Kohl’s said it had been in discussions with the group in December. “Kohl’s is deeply committed to enhancing shareholder value and is confident the Company’s new strategic framework, published in October 2020, will accelerate growth and profitability,” a spokesperson said in an emailed statement. Kohl’s later sent a second statement saying, “We reject the Investor Group’s attempt to seize control of our Board and disrupt our momentum, especially considering that we are well underway in implementing a strong growth strategy.”

However, the firms said they are worried that once the pandemic recedes, Kohl’s won’t be able to capitalize on the reopening, because of the purported “systemic inability of the Company to execute a plan that creates shareholder value.”

On that front, the group has a point: In the fiscal year ended in early 2020, prior to the COVID-19 outbreak, net sales were $18.9 billion, roughly where they were eight years earlier. Meanwhile, operating profits came to 6.1% from 11.5%.

Struggling with off-mall rivals

Kohl’s has fared much better than its mall-based department store rivals. Indeed the company frequently reminds investors that 95% of its stores are off-mall. But its off-mall rivals, from Ulta Beauty to Gap Inc.’s Old Navy to Dick’s Sporting Goods to Ta rget, have handily bested Kohl’s.

Kohl’s net sales fell 25.3% in the first three quarters of the year, much of that because of store closures last spring. But while declines moderated significantly by the time the holiday season came around, falling 10%, that contrasts sharply with those off-mall retailers.

Kohl’s unveiled a new turnaround strategy in October predicated on building upon its recent success in activewear, further phasing out weak store brands, and finally becoming a sizable player in beauty. The company also promised to get its operating profit margins back up in the 7% to 8% range. (It will provide an update on that effort next week when it reports fourth-quarter financial results.)

A previous turnaround strategy in 2014, called the Greatness Agenda, which was also based on a bigger beauty business and refreshed store brands, failed to change Kohl’s overall sales trajectory.

Still, under Gass, who has been Kohl’s CEO since 2018, the retailer has made big moves that likely averted big sales declines. After joining Kohl’s in 2013, she was the architect of Kohl’s big push into activewear, notably bringing in Under Armour: The category now represents 20% of sales, and Gass has said that could hit 30%.

Kohl’s has finally pared stale brands like Dana Buchman and Rock & Republic, but struggled to create new ones with the same touch and agility as Target has. Instead, Kohl’s has focused on bringing in more national brands that its rivals don’t carry, such as Lands’ End, Cole Haan, and Toms.

And in a daring move, Kohl’s has teamed up with Amazon to handle returns in its stores for the e-commerce giant, betting that the extra shopper traffic would lift sales. The company doesn’t give out much information on that front, so it’s hard to know whether the partnership has panned out.

More recently, Gass landed a coup by winning a shop-in-shop partnership with LVMH’s Sephora away from Penney, instantly and finally making Kohl’s a major player in the beauty wars. The challenge of course will be to see if Kohl’s manages to get Sephora customers to shop in the rest of its stores too, something they did not do much at Penney. (Kohl’s will be going up against the upcoming Ulta Beauty shops within Target stores.)

For all its problems, Kohl’s has plenty going for it. While many competitors are withering, the retailer boasts a loyal clientele along with a ton of stores dotting the country that offer well-known brands. But, ultimately, it also struggles to offer customers things they cannot find elsewhere or online.

What’s more, as Target’s holiday results as well as those of Walmart have shown, customers are consolidating shopping trips during the pandemic, opting to get everything from clothes to groceries to sports gear under the same roof.

It’s anybody’s guess if they will continue to do so after COVID-19 recedes. But Kohl’s will have to make a very compelling case to get them to break these new habits.

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