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新冠疫苗引发过敏疑虑,接种还是不接种?

新冠疫苗引发过敏疑虑,接种还是不接种?

Sy Mukherjee 2020-12-24
听到新冠疫苗导致过敏反应难免会让人感到不舒服,但不应该因此而拒绝接种。

你可能已经获悉,英国和美国在前所未有的新冠疫苗推广问题上遭遇了一些早期的障碍。美国食品与药品管理局(Food and Drug Administration)授予辉瑞(Pfizer)和BioNTech的新冠疫苗紧急使用授权,用于对某些新冠病毒高风险易感人群进行预防接种,例如医疗工作者和养老院的老人。自这之后一周多的时间中,各地便出现了分配问题,以及与“谁应该最先使用疫苗”相关的一些毫不相干、令人疑惑的政策。

考虑到该项目的复杂性以及疫苗成功推广所涉及合作利益相关方的广泛程度,所有这些问题倒也不是那么地出乎意料。然而,随着疫苗接种工作的开展,有件事可能会让美国民众感到犹豫不决,那就是有报道称,在英、美两国首批接受辉瑞新冠疫苗的人群中(包括医疗工作者),有一部分人出现了副作用。

至少阿拉斯加的两名医疗专业人士就出现了严重的副作用,其中一名还不得已住进了医院。英国也有两名医疗工作者在接种后出现了过敏症状,其中一名轻症患者一个多小时就恢复了,事实上,大多数人的这种症状都会很快消失。然而,这类副作用出现的频率必然会越来越高,因为疫苗是全新的,而且带有不同生物缺陷的所有民众最终都将接种疫苗。(在接下来几个月中,随着其他组别接种疫苗,我们会掌握更多有关疫苗副作用的信息,这一点可能取决于你所居住的地区。)

听到新冠疫苗导致过敏反应难免会让人感到不舒服,但不应该因此而拒绝接种。反而,人们应该关注疫苗潜在的副作用,并做好请假一到两天的准备,以应对严重的不良反应。

虽说可能存在副作用,甚至还可能很严重,但对大多数没有过敏史或炎症史的人群来说,疫苗不大可能会造成伤害。这一点已经从辉瑞和Moderna的大规模临床试验,以及美国疾病控制与预防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)的结论得到了充分证明。

不过,美国疾病控制与预防中心的报告也显示,接种新冠疫苗的副作用依然广泛存在。疫苗通常在手臂上注射,到目前为止最常见的副作用就是首次注射部位会有一定的疼痛感。在辉瑞疫苗与安慰剂的对比试验中,超过83%的年龄在18岁至55岁的人群出现了这类副作用。

其中51.1%的受调对象称,注射部位出现了轻微疼痛,30%的人称出现了中度疼痛。出现严重疼痛的人或更甚者仅占1%。其他副作用,例如泛红和肿胀,则更加少见。美国疾病控制与预防中心称,其他一些平均持续一天左右的常见症状包括疲劳、头疼和肌肉疼痛(不过,哪些年龄段会出现轻微和中度副作用并没有定数)。

有关健康的怀疑论是可以理解的,但医疗专家指出,接种新冠疫苗总比感染新冠病毒强,因为后者要危险得多。

梅奥诊所(Mayo Clinic)的专家梅兰妮•斯威夫特博士最近向《财富》杂志透露,为了让所剩无几的劳动力尽可能地选择接种疫苗,从而保持在岗工作,她所在的医疗系统列出了一个新冠疫苗副作用与新冠病毒感染症状对照表。

那么,这些(通常)轻微到中度,(往往)短暂的副作用与实际感染病毒的症状对比有什么区别呢?

哈佛医学院(Harvard Medical School)的一名导医称:“感染新冠后,普通的症状包括发热、身体疼痛、干咳、疲劳、发冷、头疼、咽喉疼、没胃口以及嗅觉变差。对于某些人来说,症状会更严重,例如高烧、严重的咳嗽以及呼吸急促,也就是通常肺炎的症状。感染新冠病毒的人群还会出现神经性症状,消化道症状,或兼而有之。这些可能会伴随呼吸系统症状出现,也有可能单独出现。”

美国当前的新冠病毒感染病例超过了1850万,新冠病毒相关的死亡人数达到了32.6万。这一死亡人数是自2010年以来美国疾病控制与预防中心每年流感相关死亡人数预估范围上限的5倍还要多。

这些数字充分说明了接种疫苗的必要性。(财富中文网)

译者:冯丰

审校:夏林

你可能已经获悉,英国和美国在前所未有的新冠疫苗推广问题上遭遇了一些早期的障碍。美国食品与药品管理局(Food and Drug Administration)授予辉瑞(Pfizer)和BioNTech的新冠疫苗紧急使用授权,用于对某些新冠病毒高风险易感人群进行预防接种,例如医疗工作者和养老院的老人。自这之后一周多的时间中,各地便出现了分配问题,以及与“谁应该最先使用疫苗”相关的一些毫不相干、令人疑惑的政策。

考虑到该项目的复杂性以及疫苗成功推广所涉及合作利益相关方的广泛程度,所有这些问题倒也不是那么地出乎意料。然而,随着疫苗接种工作的开展,有件事可能会让美国民众感到犹豫不决,那就是有报道称,在英、美两国首批接受辉瑞新冠疫苗的人群中(包括医疗工作者),有一部分人出现了副作用。

至少阿拉斯加的两名医疗专业人士就出现了严重的副作用,其中一名还不得已住进了医院。英国也有两名医疗工作者在接种后出现了过敏症状,其中一名轻症患者一个多小时就恢复了,事实上,大多数人的这种症状都会很快消失。然而,这类副作用出现的频率必然会越来越高,因为疫苗是全新的,而且带有不同生物缺陷的所有民众最终都将接种疫苗。(在接下来几个月中,随着其他组别接种疫苗,我们会掌握更多有关疫苗副作用的信息,这一点可能取决于你所居住的地区。)

听到新冠疫苗导致过敏反应难免会让人感到不舒服,但不应该因此而拒绝接种。反而,人们应该关注疫苗潜在的副作用,并做好请假一到两天的准备,以应对严重的不良反应。

虽说可能存在副作用,甚至还可能很严重,但对大多数没有过敏史或炎症史的人群来说,疫苗不大可能会造成伤害。这一点已经从辉瑞和Moderna的大规模临床试验,以及美国疾病控制与预防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)的结论得到了充分证明。

不过,美国疾病控制与预防中心的报告也显示,接种新冠疫苗的副作用依然广泛存在。疫苗通常在手臂上注射,到目前为止最常见的副作用就是首次注射部位会有一定的疼痛感。在辉瑞疫苗与安慰剂的对比试验中,超过83%的年龄在18岁至55岁的人群出现了这类副作用。

其中51.1%的受调对象称,注射部位出现了轻微疼痛,30%的人称出现了中度疼痛。出现严重疼痛的人或更甚者仅占1%。其他副作用,例如泛红和肿胀,则更加少见。美国疾病控制与预防中心称,其他一些平均持续一天左右的常见症状包括疲劳、头疼和肌肉疼痛(不过,哪些年龄段会出现轻微和中度副作用并没有定数)。

有关健康的怀疑论是可以理解的,但医疗专家指出,接种新冠疫苗总比感染新冠病毒强,因为后者要危险得多。

梅奥诊所(Mayo Clinic)的专家梅兰妮•斯威夫特博士最近向《财富》杂志透露,为了让所剩无几的劳动力尽可能地选择接种疫苗,从而保持在岗工作,她所在的医疗系统列出了一个新冠疫苗副作用与新冠病毒感染症状对照表。

那么,这些(通常)轻微到中度,(往往)短暂的副作用与实际感染病毒的症状对比有什么区别呢?

哈佛医学院(Harvard Medical School)的一名导医称:“感染新冠后,普通的症状包括发热、身体疼痛、干咳、疲劳、发冷、头疼、咽喉疼、没胃口以及嗅觉变差。对于某些人来说,症状会更严重,例如高烧、严重的咳嗽以及呼吸急促,也就是通常肺炎的症状。感染新冠病毒的人群还会出现神经性症状,消化道症状,或兼而有之。这些可能会伴随呼吸系统症状出现,也有可能单独出现。”

美国当前的新冠病毒感染病例超过了1850万,新冠病毒相关的死亡人数达到了32.6万。这一死亡人数是自2010年以来美国疾病控制与预防中心每年流感相关死亡人数预估范围上限的5倍还要多。

这些数字充分说明了接种疫苗的必要性。(财富中文网)

译者:冯丰

审校:夏林

You may have read that the unprecedented COVID-19 vaccine rollouts in the U.K. and the U.S. have hit some early road bumps. In the slightly more than a week since the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) gave Pfizer and BioNTech's coronavirus vaccine an emergency authorization for certain groups at the highest risk of COVID, such as health workers and nursing home residents, there have already been issues with distribution and disparate, confusing policies on to whom exactly the first doses should go.

None of this is all that unexpected, given the highly complex nature of this project and the gamut of stakeholders who need to work together to make a vaccine campaign successful. But one thing that may be giving Americans pause as the effort rolls out is the wave of initial reports of side effects experienced by some of the first people in the U.K. and the U.S. to receive doses of Pfizer's COVID vaccine, including health workers.

At least two health care professionals in Alaska developed serious reactions, including one who had to be hospitalized. Two other health care workers in the U.K. developed similar symptoms, including anaphylactic symptoms, but most of the workers recovered from their symptoms quickly, including one within slightly more than an hour. More of these stories will inevitably trickle in, since the vaccine is so new and the sheer number of people, all with different biological peccadilloes, are expected to eventually take it. (We'll find out in the coming months exactly when other groups can get a shot, which will likely depend on where you live.)

An allergic reaction certainly sounds like an unpleasant prospect, but if it's deterring you from getting a vaccine, it shouldn't. Instead, you should keep an eye on potential side effects and prepare to potentially take a day or two off from work if they prove severe.

Although side effects are possible and can be severe, they tend not to be debilitating in most people without a severe history of allergies or inflammatory problems. There's plenty of evidence of that, both from Pfizer's and Moderna's large-scale clinical trials and from the conclusions of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) .

That said, side effects are fairly widespread, per the CDC report. The most common by far is some pain at the site of the first COVID vaccine injection, which is usually done in the arm. In a trial of Pfizer's vaccine versus a placebo, more than 83% of people aged 18 to 55 reported experiencing this side effect.

But 51.1% of the study participants reported that the injection site pain was mild; another 30% reported it was moderate. Severe and above was limited to 1%. Other side effects such as redness and swelling were far more rare. Other common issues, which lasted a median of about one day, according to the CDC, included fatigue, headache, and muscle pain (although which mild to moderate side effects hit which age groups can vary).

Healthy skepticism is understandable. But health care experts note it's still more important to get a COVID vaccine than risk getting COVID-19 itself. That latter option is far more precarious.

One expert, Dr. Melanie Swift of the Mayo Clinic, recently told Fortune that her own health system has developed a grid of side effects related to COVID vaccines versus those related to active coronavirus infections, in order to keep as much of a depleted workforce in place as possible.

So how do these (generally) mild-to-medium, (usually) brief side effects compare to the symptoms that hit you when you actually contract the disease?

"When the virus does cause symptoms, common ones include fever, body ache, dry cough, fatigue, chills, headache, sore throat, loss of appetite, and loss of smell," according to a guide from Harvard Medical School. "In some people, COVID-19 causes more severe symptoms like high fever, severe cough, and shortness of breath, which often indicates pneumonia. People with COVID-19 are also experiencing neurological symptoms, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, or both. These may occur with or without respiratory symptoms."

There have been more than 18.5 million coronavirus cases and 326,000 COVID-related deaths in the U.S. to date. That's more than five times as many deaths in the highest range of the CDC's estimates for annual flu-related deaths since 2010.

Those numbers make an even stronger case for taking a chance on the vaccine.

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