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英国石油公布低碳未来愿景,投资者却心存疑虑

英国石油公布低碳未来愿景,投资者却心存疑虑

Katherine Dunn 2020-10-01
从股价上看,英国石油的计划并没有获得投资者的认可。

英国石油(BP)已经开始详细计划如何从一家传统石油天然气公司,转型成一家大型低碳公司。现在,这家公司需要获得投资者的支持。

但从股价上看,英国石油的计划并没有获得投资者认可。

在9月28日下午的交易时段,在伦敦交易的英国石油股价虽然上涨了1.16%,但几乎接近25年最低点。英国石油的股票从年初至今已经下跌了超过50%。

疫情导致能源需求减少,石油价格屡创新低,因此英国石油的主要竞争对手,如荷兰皇家壳牌公司(Royal Dutch Shell)、挪威Equinor公司和法国道达尔(Total)等欧洲大型能源公司,今年股价都受到了冲击。这三家公司也在制定2050年前实现净零排放的策略,将从根本上改变传统石油天然气公司的业务。到目前为止,这种转型趋势基本上仅限于欧洲公司。埃克森美孚(Exxon Mobil)等美国巨头大部分都在加大开发传统石油天然气业务。

英国石油的首席执行官陆博纳(Bernard Looney)在6月接受《财富》杂志采访时,谈到了这种转型的规模。他说:“将有数万亿美元被用于改造全球能源系统。”

“这对英国石油这种具备技术实力的公司而言,代表了巨大的机遇。”

但这也是严峻的挑战。

陆博纳上任首席执行官不久就公布了公司的2050年目标。他声称,依靠化石燃料起家的英国石油,能够在几年时间内完成根本转型,快速剥离石油资产,收购和开发严重依赖基础设施的可再生能源项目,同时还可以给投资者带来回报。

英国石油称投资者回报率可以达到8%至10%,虽然低于大型石油项目,但这个承诺依然很有力度。虽然许多人对于石油行业的转型承诺表示欢迎,但细节不足使一些人对于这些承诺产生了合理的、谨慎的怀疑。

对“超越石油”的记忆

当陆博纳公布实现净零排放目标的承诺时,许多资深能源行业投资者畏惧不前,这是能够理解的。毕竟,英国石油曾经有过类似的操作。上世纪90年代末,英国石油开始高调宣传“超越石油”的新品牌形象,并承诺发展可再生能源项目。或许是因为公司判断失误,也可能是因为公司的策略过于超前,总之这次转型彻底失败。在公司疯狂发展可再生能源期间收购的许多投资项目,在几年内被悄无声息地处置。

如今,英国石油又开始新的尝试。今年夏天,陆博纳号称要建设“更精简的”英国石油,同时宣布减记约180亿美元资产,裁员10,000人,并将公司股息减半。英国石油将这次大规模“瘦身”宣传为转型策略之一,有人认可这是公司在进行全面整顿,有些人则从油价暴跌的角度来看待公司的一系列动作。

在9月,投资者因为这种质疑,对英国石油通过一系列冗长的演示公布的具体转型计划也产生了怀疑。

美国银行(Bank of America)分析师在一篇报告中表示:“我们认为英国石油‘重塑’的起点依旧没有优势。”他们提到英国石油的资产负债表“过度举债”,其债务负担比欧洲同行高出10%,而且其现有低碳项目规模不及其他同样开始转型的公司,尤其是道达尔。

虽然英国石油制定的目标截止日期是2050年,但它必须迅速行动。英国石油计划到2030年,石油天然气产量减少40%,并将可再生能源发电容量从2019年的2.5 GW增加到50 GW,初期主要来自太阳能发电开发项目。

但英国石油依旧要解决转型成本问题。对此,分析师警告称,英国石油仍然依赖短期油价维持业务运营,但目前油价低迷,布伦特原油合同的价格约为42美元/桶,较年初下跌超过35%。与此同时,公司还将遭遇现金短缺:美国银行分析师指出,现在剥离化石燃料资产面临的是买方市场。

最后,英国石油发现可再生能源市场与石油天然气市场一样竞争激烈;短期内可以投入生产的可再生能源项目非常抢手。在这场竞赛中,即使是领先一小步也能带来巨大的金融优势。

英国石油不仅要面对传统竞争对手,还要接受地方公用事业公司和先行者的挑战,比如西班牙伊比德罗拉公司(Iberdrola)和丹麦沃旭能源(Ørsted)等。沃旭能源的前身是丹麦的国有石油天然气公司。这些先行者的可再生能源业务已经发展了许多年,尤其在海上风电领域占有优势。

英国石油或许有一个美好的愿景。但投资者仍然在观望,不知道在这场脱碳的竞赛中,它能否真正脱颖而出。(财富中文网)

翻译:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

英国石油(BP)已经开始详细计划如何从一家传统石油天然气公司,转型成一家大型低碳公司。现在,这家公司需要获得投资者的支持。

但从股价上看,英国石油的计划并没有获得投资者认可。

在9月28日下午的交易时段,在伦敦交易的英国石油股价虽然上涨了1.16%,但几乎接近25年最低点。英国石油的股票从年初至今已经下跌了超过50%。

疫情导致能源需求减少,石油价格屡创新低,因此英国石油的主要竞争对手,如荷兰皇家壳牌公司(Royal Dutch Shell)、挪威Equinor公司和法国道达尔(Total)等欧洲大型能源公司,今年股价都受到了冲击。这三家公司也在制定2050年前实现净零排放的策略,将从根本上改变传统石油天然气公司的业务。到目前为止,这种转型趋势基本上仅限于欧洲公司。埃克森美孚(Exxon Mobil)等美国巨头大部分都在加大开发传统石油天然气业务。

英国石油的首席执行官陆博纳(Bernard Looney)在6月接受《财富》杂志采访时,谈到了这种转型的规模。他说:“将有数万亿美元被用于改造全球能源系统。”

“这对英国石油这种具备技术实力的公司而言,代表了巨大的机遇。”

但这也是严峻的挑战。

陆博纳上任首席执行官不久就公布了公司的2050年目标。他声称,依靠化石燃料起家的英国石油,能够在几年时间内完成根本转型,快速剥离石油资产,收购和开发严重依赖基础设施的可再生能源项目,同时还可以给投资者带来回报。

英国石油称投资者回报率可以达到8%至10%,虽然低于大型石油项目,但这个承诺依然很有力度。虽然许多人对于石油行业的转型承诺表示欢迎,但细节不足使一些人对于这些承诺产生了合理的、谨慎的怀疑。

对“超越石油”的记忆

当陆博纳公布实现净零排放目标的承诺时,许多资深能源行业投资者畏惧不前,这是能够理解的。毕竟,英国石油曾经有过类似的操作。上世纪90年代末,英国石油开始高调宣传“超越石油”的新品牌形象,并承诺发展可再生能源项目。或许是因为公司判断失误,也可能是因为公司的策略过于超前,总之这次转型彻底失败。在公司疯狂发展可再生能源期间收购的许多投资项目,在几年内被悄无声息地处置。

如今,英国石油又开始新的尝试。今年夏天,陆博纳号称要建设“更精简的”英国石油,同时宣布减记约180亿美元资产,裁员10,000人,并将公司股息减半。英国石油将这次大规模“瘦身”宣传为转型策略之一,有人认可这是公司在进行全面整顿,有些人则从油价暴跌的角度来看待公司的一系列动作。

在9月,投资者因为这种质疑,对英国石油通过一系列冗长的演示公布的具体转型计划也产生了怀疑。

美国银行(Bank of America)分析师在一篇报告中表示:“我们认为英国石油‘重塑’的起点依旧没有优势。”他们提到英国石油的资产负债表“过度举债”,其债务负担比欧洲同行高出10%,而且其现有低碳项目规模不及其他同样开始转型的公司,尤其是道达尔。

虽然英国石油制定的目标截止日期是2050年,但它必须迅速行动。英国石油计划到2030年,石油天然气产量减少40%,并将可再生能源发电容量从2019年的2.5 GW增加到50 GW,初期主要来自太阳能发电开发项目。

但英国石油依旧要解决转型成本问题。对此,分析师警告称,英国石油仍然依赖短期油价维持业务运营,但目前油价低迷,布伦特原油合同的价格约为42美元/桶,较年初下跌超过35%。与此同时,公司还将遭遇现金短缺:美国银行分析师指出,现在剥离化石燃料资产面临的是买方市场。

最后,英国石油发现可再生能源市场与石油天然气市场一样竞争激烈;短期内可以投入生产的可再生能源项目非常抢手。在这场竞赛中,即使是领先一小步也能带来巨大的金融优势。

英国石油不仅要面对传统竞争对手,还要接受地方公用事业公司和先行者的挑战,比如西班牙伊比德罗拉公司(Iberdrola)和丹麦沃旭能源(Ørsted)等。沃旭能源的前身是丹麦的国有石油天然气公司。这些先行者的可再生能源业务已经发展了许多年,尤其在海上风电领域占有优势。

英国石油或许有一个美好的愿景。但投资者仍然在观望,不知道在这场脱碳的竞赛中,它能否真正脱颖而出。(财富中文网)

翻译:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

BP has begun sketching out the details of how it will transition from one of the world's legacy oil and gas companies to a low-carbon giant. Now it needs to get investors to buy in.

Judging by the share price, it's not going well.

In afternoon trading, the British energy major on September 28 was up 1.16% in London. That's just above a 25-year-low, and the stock is down more than 50% since the start of the year.

The company's main competitors—European energy majors like Royal Dutch Shell, Norway's Equinor, and France's Total—are all facing hits to their stock this year, as the pandemic battered energy demand and sent oil prices, at times, into free fall. Those three are also in the midst of laying out their strategies for hitting net-zero emissions by 2050, a transformational reimagining of what a legacy oil and gas company can be. It's one that so far has been largely limited to European companies. American giants like Exxon Mobil mostly are committing to doubling down on traditional oil and gas.

Speaking to Fortune in June, BP CEO Bernard Looney spoke to the scale of the shift, noting that “trillions of dollars will be spent rewiring and replumbing the world’s energy system,” he said.

“That presents an enormous opportunity for a company of our skills.”

It's a huge challenge too.

In announcing the company's 2050 target shortly after becoming CEO, Looney claimed that a company that has built its legacy on fossil fuels can fundamentally transform in a matter of years, rapidly divesting oil assets, while acquiring and developing infrastructure-heavy renewable projects—all while making investors money.

The company said that it expects to provide 8% to 10% returns for investors—lower than for big-ticket oil projects, but still a hefty promise. While the industry's pledges have been cheered by many, the lack of specifics have also produced valid, wary skepticism.

Memories of “beyond petroleum”

When Looney announced his commitment to the net-zero target, many longtime energy investors could be forgiven for wincing. After all, the company has been here before. In the late 1990s, the company underwent a high-profile rebranding to "beyond petroleum" and committed to renewable projects. Whether ill-judged or simply ahead of its time, the transition was a resounding flop. Much of the investments acquired during the company's renewable spending spree was quietly disposed of within years.

Then there are the current trials. In the summer, Looney pitched a "leaner" BP while announcing about $18 billion in write-downs, cutting 10,000 jobs, and halving the company's dividend. While pitched as part of the transition, the great slim-down was viewed as much through the lens of crashing oil prices as it was a company in the midst of a major overhaul.

That all fed into the skepticism that greeted BP as it laid out the details of its transition in September, in a series of daylong presentations.

"We believe BP's starting point for its 'reinvention' remains disadvantaged," said Bank of America analysts in a note. They pointed to an "overstretched" balance sheet, with a debt load about 10% higher than its European peers, and a smaller existing low-carbon project base than those same companies, particularly Total, going into its transformation.

Though the target is for 2050, the company will also have to move very quickly. By 2030, BP plans to cut its oil and gas production by 40% and expand its renewables capacity to 50GW by 2030—up from just 2.5GW in 2019—much of that initially coming from a solar power development project.

There's also the question of what will pay for the transition. There, analysts flagged concerns, pointing out that BP still remains dependent on short-term oil prices—not good with the Brent crude contract currently at around $42/barrel, down more than 35% from the start of the year—to fund its operations. That will also come up against what is a mounting cash crunch: Divesting fossil fuel assets is now occurring in a buyers' market, BofA analysts pointed out.

Finally, BP now finds itself in a market that may be as competitive as any in the oil and gas world; renewable projects ready to come online in the short term are in high demand. In that race, even a minor head start could provide a serious financial advantage.

BP is up against not just its legacy competitors but also local utilities and first-movers like Spain's Iberdrola and Denmark's Ørsted—formerly the country's national oil and gas company—which have been building up their renewable portfolios for years, particularly in offshore wind power.

BP may have a vision. But investors are now waiting to see whether, in the race to decarbonize, it can truly set itself apart.

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