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美国前卫生总监:新冠疫情在2022年之前不会结束

美国前卫生总监:新冠疫情在2022年之前不会结束

Maria Aspan 2020-08-05
需要至少70%的人口接种才能达到针对新冠病毒的“群体免疫”。

美国前卫生总监于本周二发出警告,即便新型冠状病毒肺炎的疫苗研发竞赛很快会决出胜者,我们也不能指望这场大流行病会在2022年之前结束。

“我认为我们在2021年还无法在表面上恢复到疫情之前的状态,” 维维克·默西在参加一场由美国嘉年华邮轮集团和世界旅游及旅行业理事会联合举办的线上虚拟大会中说道,他曾在美国前总统奥巴马的任期内担任卫生总监。

世界卫生组织的数据显示,目前有超过160种针对新冠肺炎的疫苗正在研发,其中约有25种正在进行人体临床试验。少数疫苗已经进入三期临床试验,已有数千人接种,这些疫苗有的由牛津大学与阿斯利康制药公司共同研发,有的是莫德纳生物科技公司与美国国立卫生研究院的合作成果,还有的来自数家中国机构。

不过,此前领导美国抗击埃博拉和寨卡疫情的默西警告称:“即使是在乐观情况下,我们也可能要到2021年中才会看到疫苗大规模推广。”

疫苗的推广本身也面临着挑战,近些年来美国的反疫苗情绪日益增长,他们对新研发的新冠肺炎疫苗也抱着怀疑态度,这些困难都需要克服。所以,即便最后面世的疫苗百分百有效,默西称“这种可能性极低”,也需要至少70%的人口接种才能达到针对新冠病毒的“群体免疫”。

“我们有可能在2021年底做到这些,为70%的人口接种疫苗吗?那我们大概要完成历史上最为成功的疫苗接种工作才行,”默西说道。“这能做到吗?怎么说呢,凡事都有第一次。”

与其他公共卫生专家的说法相比,他更为直接地指出了形势的严峻。尽管美国一些城市和州重新展开了疫情防控工作,但新冠肺炎感染人数仍在激增。美国国家过敏症和传染病研究所所长福奇上周承认,疫情“目前基本看不到尽头”,它也永远不会被根除。

不过谈到恢复常态的速度时,他比默西要略微乐观。“如果有良好的公共卫生措施、一定程度的群体免疫和有效的疫苗,我希望我们能研发成功并对此谨慎乐观……我们会控制住局势的,”福奇上周在面对全球结核病新药研发联盟的线上采访时说道。“我不确定是今年还是明年。”

默西本周二在全球科学峰会上发表了讲话,他的预测对于主办方来说或许不是好事。这一活动由旅游业贸易组织世界旅游及旅行业理事会和嘉年华邮轮集团合办,后者迫切希望邮轮业务能在2022年之前恢复正常运营。

嘉年华邮轮集团的CEO阿诺德·唐纳德本月早些时候曾充满信心地表示,集团 “即便是在零收入的情况下也能撑到明年年底”。不过,他的公司及其竞争对手也在号召公共卫生专家,希望他们能让乘客放心,早日登上安全的邮轮。(如果得到政府允许的话,美国疾病控制与预防中心月初再次延长了针对邮轮公司的“禁航令”,责令其至少在9月30日之前不得在美国水域内恢复客运服务。)

其他旅游业高管也发出提醒,他们预计这场大流行病对旅游业的伤害会持续到2022年甚至更久。美国达美航空公司CEO埃德·巴斯蒂安警告称,航空旅行可能需要“两年或更长时间才能推动可持续复苏”。

在这场由嘉年华邮轮集团CEO唐纳德和世界旅游及旅行业理事会CEO格洛丽亚·格瓦拉共同主持的线上虚拟大会上,默西和其他演讲者并没有花费太多时间专门处理邮轮的问题。唐纳德在大会结束之际表示,他希望让这次活动“只关乎科学,不推广邮轮或旅游”,但他也补充说,许多与会发言的科学家正和嘉年华邮轮集团针对其健康及安全标准进行合作。

“戴口罩,勤洗手,保持安全,去做检测,”他总结道,“世界就会变得更加美好。”(财富中文网)

译者:秦维奇

美国前卫生总监于本周二发出警告,即便新型冠状病毒肺炎的疫苗研发竞赛很快会决出胜者,我们也不能指望这场大流行病会在2022年之前结束。

“我认为我们在2021年还无法在表面上恢复到疫情之前的状态,” 维维克·默西在参加一场由美国嘉年华邮轮集团和世界旅游及旅行业理事会联合举办的线上虚拟大会中说道,他曾在美国前总统奥巴马的任期内担任卫生总监。

世界卫生组织的数据显示,目前有超过160种针对新冠肺炎的疫苗正在研发,其中约有25种正在进行人体临床试验。少数疫苗已经进入三期临床试验,已有数千人接种,这些疫苗有的由牛津大学与阿斯利康制药公司共同研发,有的是莫德纳生物科技公司与美国国立卫生研究院的合作成果,还有的来自数家中国机构。

不过,此前领导美国抗击埃博拉和寨卡疫情的默西警告称:“即使是在乐观情况下,我们也可能要到2021年中才会看到疫苗大规模推广。”

疫苗的推广本身也面临着挑战,近些年来美国的反疫苗情绪日益增长,他们对新研发的新冠肺炎疫苗也抱着怀疑态度,这些困难都需要克服。所以,即便最后面世的疫苗百分百有效,默西称“这种可能性极低”,也需要至少70%的人口接种才能达到针对新冠病毒的“群体免疫”。

“我们有可能在2021年底做到这些,为70%的人口接种疫苗吗?那我们大概要完成历史上最为成功的疫苗接种工作才行,”默西说道。“这能做到吗?怎么说呢,凡事都有第一次。”

与其他公共卫生专家的说法相比,他更为直接地指出了形势的严峻。尽管美国一些城市和州重新展开了疫情防控工作,但新冠肺炎感染人数仍在激增。美国国家过敏症和传染病研究所所长福奇上周承认,疫情“目前基本看不到尽头”,它也永远不会被根除。

不过谈到恢复常态的速度时,他比默西要略微乐观。“如果有良好的公共卫生措施、一定程度的群体免疫和有效的疫苗,我希望我们能研发成功并对此谨慎乐观……我们会控制住局势的,”福奇上周在面对全球结核病新药研发联盟的线上采访时说道。“我不确定是今年还是明年。”

默西本周二在全球科学峰会上发表了讲话,他的预测对于主办方来说或许不是好事。这一活动由旅游业贸易组织世界旅游及旅行业理事会和嘉年华邮轮集团合办,后者迫切希望邮轮业务能在2022年之前恢复正常运营。

嘉年华邮轮集团的CEO阿诺德·唐纳德本月早些时候曾充满信心地表示,集团 “即便是在零收入的情况下也能撑到明年年底”。不过,他的公司及其竞争对手也在号召公共卫生专家,希望他们能让乘客放心,早日登上安全的邮轮。(如果得到政府允许的话,美国疾病控制与预防中心月初再次延长了针对邮轮公司的“禁航令”,责令其至少在9月30日之前不得在美国水域内恢复客运服务。)

其他旅游业高管也发出提醒,他们预计这场大流行病对旅游业的伤害会持续到2022年甚至更久。美国达美航空公司CEO埃德·巴斯蒂安警告称,航空旅行可能需要“两年或更长时间才能推动可持续复苏”。

在这场由嘉年华邮轮集团CEO唐纳德和世界旅游及旅行业理事会CEO格洛丽亚·格瓦拉共同主持的线上虚拟大会上,默西和其他演讲者并没有花费太多时间专门处理邮轮的问题。唐纳德在大会结束之际表示,他希望让这次活动“只关乎科学,不推广邮轮或旅游”,但他也补充说,许多与会发言的科学家正和嘉年华邮轮集团针对其健康及安全标准进行合作。

“戴口罩,勤洗手,保持安全,去做检测,”他总结道,“世界就会变得更加美好。”(财富中文网)

译者:秦维奇

Even if the race for a COVID-19 vaccine has a winner soon, don’t expect the pandemic to end before 2022, a former U.S. surgeon general warned Tuesday.

“If the goal is to return life to some semblance of what it was like pre-pandemic, I don't see that happening in 2021,” Vivek Murthy, a surgeon general under President Obama, said during a virtual event organized by cruise operator Carnival Corp. and the World Travel & Tourism Council.

More than 160 efforts are underway to develop vaccines for COVID-19, according to the World Health Organization, with about 25 being tested on humans in clinical trails. A handful of vaccines—including those developed by the University of Oxford with AstroZeneca, Moderna Therapeutics with the National Institutes of Health, and several Chinese entities—have advanced to the Phase III stage of being tested on thousands of patients.

But Murthy, who previously led U.S. responses to the Ebola and Zika outbreaks, cautioned that “even in an optimistic scenario, it would likely be closer to mid-2021 that we would see vaccines starting to be distributed at scale.”

That distribution will bring its own challenges, including the need to overcome Americans’ growing anti-vaccine sentiment of recent years and their new skepticism about the vaccines being developed for COVID-19. So even if a final vaccine is 100% effective—“which would be extremely rare,” Murthy pointed out—at least 70% of the population would need to be vaccinated in order to reach “herd immunity” against the coronavirus.

“Is there a chance we could do this all and vaccinate 70% of the population by the end of 2021? I think it would take the best vaccination campaign that we've ever assembled in the history of the world to do that,” Murthy said. “Could it be done? Well, there's a first time for everything.”

It was one of the more bluntly grim timelines offered by public health experts in recent days, as U.S. infections of COVID-19 surge in the face of various city and state efforts to reopen. Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, last week acknowledged that there is “so far essentially no end in sight” to the pandemic and that it would never be fully eradicated.

But he was also slightly more optimistic than Murthy about the speed of a return to normal. “With a combination of good public health measures, a degree of global herd immunity, and a good vaccine, which I do hope and feel cautiously optimistic that we will get…we will get control of this,” Fauci told the TB Alliance during a virtual interview last week. “Whether it’s this year or next year, I’m not certain.”

Murthy’s prediction was probably not welcome news to the hosts of the Global Scientific Summit, where he spoke on Tuesday. The event was put together by the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC), a travel industry trade group, and Carnival, a company that’s desperately hoping that the cruise business somehow manages to resume normal operations before 2022.

CEO Arnold Donald said earlier this month that he is confident Carnival can survive “into late next year, even in a zero-revenue scenario.” But his company and its competitors are also mustering panels of public health experts to reassure passengers that it will be safe to board cruise ships long before then. (If, that is, governments allow it. Earlier this month, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention extended its “no sail” order for cruise companies for a second time, barring them from resuming passenger operations in U.S. waters until at least Sept. 30.)

Other travel executives have warned that they expect the pandemic to continue hurting their industry until 2022, or longer. Earlier this month, Delta CEO Ed Bastian warned that “it could be two years or more before we see a sustainable recovery” in air travel.

Murthy and other speakers at Carnival’s virtual event, which was cohosted by Donald and WTTC CEO Gloria Guevara, did not spend much time addressing cruises specifically. Donald ended the program by saying that he had wanted to keep the event to “just science, and not make it promotional for cruise or travel,” but added that many of the scientists who spoke during the event were working with Carnival on its health and safety standards.

“Wear your mask, wash your hands, stay safe, get tested,” he concluded, “and the world will be a better place.”

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