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美国银行业新政:各大银行可以持有比特币

美国银行业新政:各大银行可以持有比特币

骆杰峰(Jeff John Roberts) 2020-07-24
这项举措为银行提供更多的另类服务打开了方便之门。

长期以来,大银行一直代表客户持有珠宝和股票等贵重物品。现在,拜联邦银行业监管机构发布的一项新政策所赐,它们也可以持有比特币等加密货币。

美国货币监理署(OCC)在7月22日发布的一封信函中阐述了这项新政策。这封写给一家未具名银行的信函指出,全国性银行和储蓄协会可以为客户从事所谓的托管服务。

这条消息意义重大,因为迄今为止,监管层面的不确定性导致各大银行一直回避比特币业务。更重要的是,包括养老基金在内,许多大型投资基金的章程规定,它们只能将客户的资金存放在联邦特许银行。正如研究机构Coin Center所指出的那样,这实际上相当于禁止银行持有比特币。

这项新政的一大结果是,大银行现在获准开设加密货币业务。要这样做的话,它们很可能会从专注于托管服务开始。迄今为止,这项服务一直是Coinbase和BitGo等加密货币公司的业务范围。

在加密货币领域,托管的重要性不言而喻,因为像比特币这种完全数字化的货币很容易被盗。托管人需要存储所谓的私钥来访问特定数字钱包。

正如美国货币监理署在信中指出的那样,银行已经可以代表客户保护其他数字物品,其中包括“提供安全的网络文件存储、检索,以及包含个人信息的文档和文件的协作服务。”

考虑到比特币的市值约为1700亿美元,而托管人通常会收取大约0.25%的安全保管费,因此加密货币的托管也有可能成为一项有利可图的业务。

美国货币监理署的这封信也为银行提供更多的另类服务打开了方便之门,比如“staking”(某些加密货币采用的代理投票形式)和加密贷款。这种活动在广泛的金融体系中显得微不足道,但在加密行业里却变得越来越重要。

所有这些都引发了一个问题:各大银行接下来是寻求建立自己的加密货币部门,还是寻求收购一些加密初创公司。

与此同时,颇具影响力的加密企业家巴里·西尔伯特在推特上表达了他对这项新政策的喜悦之情。他目前经营一家名为“数字货币集团”(Digital Currency Group)的大型企业集团。

但到本文截稿时,《财富》杂志未能即刻确定美国货币监理署的信函究竟寄给了哪家全国性银行。(财富中文网)

译者:任文科

长期以来,大银行一直代表客户持有珠宝和股票等贵重物品。现在,拜联邦银行业监管机构发布的一项新政策所赐,它们也可以持有比特币等加密货币。

美国货币监理署(OCC)在7月22日发布的一封信函中阐述了这项新政策。这封写给一家未具名银行的信函指出,全国性银行和储蓄协会可以为客户从事所谓的托管服务。

这条消息意义重大,因为迄今为止,监管层面的不确定性导致各大银行一直回避比特币业务。更重要的是,包括养老基金在内,许多大型投资基金的章程规定,它们只能将客户的资金存放在联邦特许银行。正如研究机构Coin Center所指出的那样,这实际上相当于禁止银行持有比特币。

这项新政的一大结果是,大银行现在获准开设加密货币业务。要这样做的话,它们很可能会从专注于托管服务开始。迄今为止,这项服务一直是Coinbase和BitGo等加密货币公司的业务范围。

在加密货币领域,托管的重要性不言而喻,因为像比特币这种完全数字化的货币很容易被盗。托管人需要存储所谓的私钥来访问特定数字钱包。

正如美国货币监理署在信中指出的那样,银行已经可以代表客户保护其他数字物品,其中包括“提供安全的网络文件存储、检索,以及包含个人信息的文档和文件的协作服务。”

考虑到比特币的市值约为1700亿美元,而托管人通常会收取大约0.25%的安全保管费,因此加密货币的托管也有可能成为一项有利可图的业务。

美国货币监理署的这封信也为银行提供更多的另类服务打开了方便之门,比如“staking”(某些加密货币采用的代理投票形式)和加密贷款。这种活动在广泛的金融体系中显得微不足道,但在加密行业里却变得越来越重要。

所有这些都引发了一个问题:各大银行接下来是寻求建立自己的加密货币部门,还是寻求收购一些加密初创公司。

与此同时,颇具影响力的加密企业家巴里·西尔伯特在推特上表达了他对这项新政策的喜悦之情。他目前经营一家名为“数字货币集团”(Digital Currency Group)的大型企业集团。

但到本文截稿时,《财富》杂志未能即刻确定美国货币监理署的信函究竟寄给了哪家全国性银行。(财富中文网)

译者:任文科

Big banks have long held precious objects on behalf of their customers—from jewels in safe-deposit boxes to shares of stock. Now, thanks to a new policy by a federal banking regulator, they will be able to hold cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin too.

The new policy is set out in a letter published on July 22 by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC). The letter, addressed to an unnamed bank, stated that national banks and savings associations can engage in so-called custody services for their clients.

The news is significant because regulatory uncertainty has until now led major banks to avoid Bitcoin. What’s more, the bylaws of many big investment funds, including pension funds, oblige them to park clients’ money only with federally chartered banks. As the research group Coin Center notes, this amounts to a de facto ban on cryptocurrency.

The upshot is that big banks now have a green light to open crypto operations. If they do, they will likely begin by focusing on custody services, which until now have been the purview of crypto-focused companies like Coinbase and BitGo.

Custody is important in the world of crypto since currencies like Bitcoin are entirely digital, making them easy to steal. Being a custodian entails storing the so-called private key that provides access to a given digital wallet.

As the OCC notes in its letter, banks already offer to safeguard other digital items on behalf of their clients. This includes offering “secure web-based document storage, retrieval, and collaboration of documents and files containing personal information.”

Custody of cryptocurrency also has the potential to be a lucrative line of business, given that the market cap of Bitcoin is around $170 billion, and that custodians typically charge fees of around 0.25% to keep it safe.

The OCC letter also opens the door for banks to offer more exotic services such as “staking”—a form of proxy voting for certain cryptocurrencies—and crypto lending. Such activity is tiny in the context of the broader financial system, but has become increasingly important in the crypto industry.

All of this raises the question of whether banks will seek to build their own cryptocurrency divisions or seek to acquire some of the numerous crypto startups in the U.S.

In the meantime, one influential crypto entrepreneur, Barry Silbert—who runs the large conglomerate called Digital Currency Group—took to Twitter to express his pleasure with Wednesday’s development.

Fortune was not immediately able to ascertain the national bank to which the OCC addressed its letter.

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