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“造人”计划被新冠疫情耽误,辅助生育行业面临整体衰退

“造人”计划被新冠疫情耽误,辅助生育行业面临整体衰退

DARIA SOLOVIEVA 2020-04-23
许多辅助生育治疗都对时间很敏感,随着时间一个月接一个月过去,情感和经济上的压力只会越来越大。

随着社交疏离成为常态,美国医院新冠肺炎患者人满为患,对于想要生育孩子的美国人,以及帮助他们实现愿望的公司来说,他们都在面对令人焦虑的现实。

美国生殖医学学会(ASRM)上个月的建议实际上是叫停了卵子冷冻、试管婴儿以及其他被视为非必需的手术。该协会重申了截至3月30日的指导意见,并称:“不清楚新冠疫情将持续多久。”

这次疫情已经把辅助生育行业搅了个底朝天。研究机构CB Insights估算该行业的价值为270亿美元。受到冲击的则是广大患者、医疗机构和辅助生育服务,包括代孕、卵子冷冻和试管婴儿。由于许多辅助生育治疗都对时间很敏感,随着时间一个月接一个月过去,情感和经济上的压力只会越来越大。

新冠病毒有很多未知数,比如对妊娠有何影响及其给患者和医院带来的经济损失,这正在将辅助生育行业拖入前所未有的危机之中,而且或许比2008年金融危机的影响还要大。

与新冠病毒的妊娠风险有关的科学证据有限,因此全球医疗界尚未就最佳做法达成一致,但也没有直截了当地对怀孕下禁令。美国疾病预防控制中心(CDC)建议可以自然受孕的家庭遵循“通常的防护措施”,而有些国家已将孕妇划归易感人群,依据是人们知道孕妇如果感染“某些病毒,后果会更严重”。

各家医院和各个子行业面对的挑战各有不同,具体取决于它们获得资金的模式和受欢迎程度,但生育医疗领域的所有人都有可能受到冲击。

大卫·萨布尔从20世纪90年代末开始投资辅助生育行业。他说:“影响很广泛,也有很多不便之处,为怀孕尝试了好几年的人搁置了他们的计划,经济方面也有问题,因为如果他们今后再重新开始,也许就没有那样的财力了。在最好的时候也会有达不到目标的公司。我们没办法衡量即将出现的问题会有多大,也不知道全球性衰退甚至更糟的情况会怎样展现出来。”

过去几年刚刚成熟的卵子冷冻服务特别容易受到影响。

生育科技初创公司Kindbody创始人兼首席执行官吉娜·巴塔西说:“经济衰退将使上班族和患者的价格敏感性超过以往任何时候,因此如果为服务定价时能考虑到衰退情况,这样的医疗机构的将成为赢家,或者说较为低端的那些。”Kindbody目前已融资3130万美元。该公司打算颠覆传统辅助生育行业,以更为生活化的方式推出一系列服务,包括生育能力评估、冻卵、试管婴儿、社区活动以及改善生育能力的保健品。“这确实取决于你的融资伙伴和烧钱速度。我们很幸运,因为我们拥有一些来自Perceptive Advisors、谷歌创投和RRE Ventures的最优秀伙伴。”

没人能够预测新冠疫情会持续多长时间,因此Kindbody等一些辅助生育公司已经在为生意至少中断一年做准备。

巴塔西指出:“以往的实际情况表明生育一直都耐得住衰退。我觉得只要开始回到新的常态,已经获得充足资金或者处于节省资金模式的生育科技初创公司就会蓬勃发展起来。我知道只要对所有患者来说可信,ASRM就会着眼于立即放宽限制。”

Extend Fertility是美国冻卵数量最多的公司之一,它一直为考虑冻卵的女性提供折扣,现在则要求缴纳预付款,而且只要解除禁令,患者就可以马上开始着手冻卵。目前Extend Fertility已经按ASRM的指导意见暂停了冻卵业务。

Extend Fertility首席临床医学官约书亚·克雷恩表示:“至少可以说,目前这个行业非常困难。我们正在竭尽全力地采取措施并为业务长期停滞做准备。我们无法想象自己能18个月不营业而完全保持现状。但我觉得一个月,或者2-3个月不营业是非常现实的。如果时间比这还要长,我们就必须想出应对之策。”

关键在于时机

医疗机构及其患者的核心顾虑是许多生育相关服务都对时间很敏感,从生物钟以及手术本身的精细时间安排来说都是如此。除了其他行业面临的不确定性和压力,生育相关服务还面临着新冠病毒对受孕产生潜在风险的问题。

这种紧张局势持续的时间越长,医疗机构的财务压力就越大。在情况全面回归正常以及患者感到放心从而重新接受治疗前,它们的灯能亮多久?能为员工发多长时间的工资?又能继续经营多长时间呢?

在Extend Fertility,患者完成治疗平均需要1.4个冻卵周期,具体时间取决于年龄。年龄较轻的女性通常需要较少的周期。总的来说,2018和2019年该公司完成了1900多个冻卵周期,目前它预计今年的数字将“短暂地急剧下跌”。

克雷恩说:“如果过了非常长的时间而[患者]无法实施他们拟定的计划,那显然会让人感到焦虑。从临床医学角度讲,我们可以向人们保证……对大多数女性来说,通常无需为现在冻卵和2-3个月后冻卵的差异感到担心。”

联邦政府的最新指导意见和死亡人数预期至少已经延续到了8月份,而在哪些公司可以恢复正常运营以及能多快恢复运营方面仍有许多不确定性。

对全世界的患者来说,辅助生育服务事实上的停滞已经产生了影响。

30岁的柯斯蒂·汉普森在英国生活。她说:“六年来我们一直在尝试受孕。我的医疗机构是巴斯的CARE Fertility,而且他们已经跟我说了20次,我还没有开始填雌激素水平记录表,因此不能算已经进入冻卵周期,所以会把它取消。现在我只能等着,直到他们再次开始进行治疗。”

辅助生育治疗往往分几个步骤进行。得以在疫情爆发前完成了一些步骤的患者觉得自己很幸运,但现在他们不知道要等多久才能继续进行接下来的步骤。

茱莉亚·克莱默35岁,一年前在纽约完成了一个卵子冷冻周期。她说:“这个过程会消耗大量的情感和体力。想到你无法完成它会让人非常悲伤。”冻卵前克莱默曾计划自然受孕,但现在她已经暂停了接下来的几个步骤。“我不知道是否要等到年底再去考虑这件事。”

虽然大多数医疗机构目前都已关闭,但并不是所有的辅助生育机构都在遵循上述行业指导意见。弗吉尼亚、亚利桑那和佛罗里达等几个州已发布停止非必需手术的行政命令,但不遵守ASRM的指导意见并没有什么直接后果。

ASRM发言人西恩·提普顿在电子邮件中表示:“ASRM是一个教育组织,并非监管机构。我们的工作是尽量为我们的成员及其患者提供优质信息,以便他们做出正确的医疗决定。”

革新机会

辅助生育仍是相当新的行业,在过去五年中越来越受欢迎,而且不断涌现出新的公司。现在,受全球性疫情影响,这个行业已基本处于停滞状态。行业专家认为,有可能挺过这场风暴的是那些已经赢得客户青睐,已经证明其产品与市场契合而且提供平价服务的老牌公司。

克雷恩指出:“我猜这会带来颠覆,而且或许会永远改变辅助生育行业中不同公司的处境。我不能在竞争方面说自己的好话,但处于成长阶段以及在营销阶段花费大量资金的初创公司缺乏临床业务量的支持,它们有理由比我们更焦虑。”

一些投资者将本次危机视为这个行业自我革新的机会,并有可能为患者更容易负担的解决方案和自动化技术打开大门。

投资机构HAX驻巴黎合伙人本杰明·杰夫说:“对投资者来说,辅助生育行业非常有意思。它处于成长阶段,而且其中的医疗机构目前陷入困境让它变得更有吸引力了,具体情况则取决于这些初创公司找到的解决方案。任何以客户为导向的方案,以及可以降低医疗机构成本的方案都会变得更为重要。”

在美国,有些人认为这场危机是解决部分系统性问题的机会,比如价格高,存在阻碍人们接触到这个行业的障碍,缺乏生育教育,营销过程中的职业道德以及缺乏存放场地。这有可能加快行业预测趋势的发展速度并重塑整个行业以及试管婴儿等细分领域的未来。

萨布尔说:“美国及世界其他地区的试管婴儿行业需要大幅提升处理效率,而这场危机将放大这种需要。”他指出,对此类服务的需求一直大于这个行业的供给能力,“几十年来,这个行业的全球服务供给一直极为不足,而且美国的服务匮乏程度要高得多。这个问题不可能只通过降价在一夜之间得到解决。”

和其他国家相比,美国的许多辅助生育治疗依然成本高昂——相关信息网站FertilityIQ的数据显示,试管婴儿的平均费用为每周期2.3万美元,冻卵的平均费用约为1.7万美元。药物费用、存放费用以及需要几个周期因人而异,但试管婴儿患者一般都需要多个周期。部分保险合同已经开始覆盖某些辅助生育项目,但其中大多数费用往往由患者承担。

定于8月份开业的纽约初创企业TMRW以试管婴儿样本管理系统为主业,像它一样的公司认为生育技术的突破会扩大需求,从而使医疗机构需要应付“众多他们照料的胚胎”,而目前的医疗机构不具备这样的规模。TMRW估算,美国患者存放的卵子或胚胎已从2005年的1.7万个猛增至2017年的70万个。

对业内公司来说,这场疫情已经在创造收入和支持现有客户方面给他们带来了压力。

Modern Fertility和Kindbody等公司正着眼于在线维持现有客户并吸引潜在客户。

4月4日,Kindbody主办了一次网上务虚会,要点包括“生育事实、财务富足、健康饮食和冥想”。几乎900人参加了这次会议,该公司称本次在线交流“前所未有”。

Kindbody的在线务虚会。图片来源:COURTESY OF KINDBODY

CEO巴塔西说,在辅助生育行业陷入停滞期间,Kindbody为应对新冠疫情贡献出了自己的临床场地和医疗专业人员。

这场危机也没有吓退在辅助生育行业看到了机会和需求的新生力量。

一种跟踪生育能力的凯格尔装置——Kegg在新冠疫情期间上市了,它的生育跟踪功能以宫颈粘液为基础,目前正在等待美国食品药品监督管理局审批。Kegg公司仍计划本月交付第一笔订单。

中国大陆爆发新冠疫情后,Kegg公司开始从台湾采购零部件。同时,传统医疗机构暂停运营让这家公司看到了机会,因为前者的客户仍需要得到支持。

Kegg公司创始人兼CEO克里斯蒂娜·卡霍乔瓦说:“新冠疫情加快了所有服务和产品向线上转移的进程。幸运的是,我们已经有了可穿戴设备和数字健康公司,用户可以舒适地待在家里并获得它们提供的服务。我们比某些新公司准备的好。另外,由于医疗机构关门歇业,70万试管婴儿患者正在网上焦急地搜索对策。”

作为一个整体,辅助生育行业受到的长期影响最终将取决于本次疫情以及ASRM现行指导意见延续的时间。

Extend Fertility首席临床医学官克雷恩认为:“就算过去三个月没有新冠病毒,这个话题本身对时间也很敏感。辅助生育不是需要率先解禁的领域,但也不是最后一个。我觉得我们不必等到最后一个新冠肺炎患者痊愈。”

许多辅助生育患者可能都会认为辅助生育已经存在许多不确定之处,而且随着时间流逝,成功的可能性会不断下降。对许多人来说,选择正确的治疗方法以及完成随后的手术需要时间,而且这个手术有限制条件。

动手术的时间以及手术过程本身都对时间很敏感,而且必须以非常正确的方法实施,克莱默把自己的冻卵周期形容为买辅助生育保险。

她说:“现在官方指导意见搞的这样也不行了,这真的让人伤心。”(财富中文网)

译者:Charlie

审校:夏林

随着社交疏离成为常态,美国医院新冠肺炎患者人满为患,对于想要生育孩子的美国人,以及帮助他们实现愿望的公司来说,他们都在面对令人焦虑的现实。

美国生殖医学学会(ASRM)上个月的建议实际上是叫停了卵子冷冻、试管婴儿以及其他被视为非必需的手术。该协会重申了截至3月30日的指导意见,并称:“不清楚新冠疫情将持续多久。”

这次疫情已经把辅助生育行业搅了个底朝天。研究机构CB Insights估算该行业的价值为270亿美元。受到冲击的则是广大患者、医疗机构和辅助生育服务,包括代孕、卵子冷冻和试管婴儿。由于许多辅助生育治疗都对时间很敏感,随着时间一个月接一个月过去,情感和经济上的压力只会越来越大。

新冠病毒有很多未知数,比如对妊娠有何影响及其给患者和医院带来的经济损失,这正在将辅助生育行业拖入前所未有的危机之中,而且或许比2008年金融危机的影响还要大。

与新冠病毒的妊娠风险有关的科学证据有限,因此全球医疗界尚未就最佳做法达成一致,但也没有直截了当地对怀孕下禁令。美国疾病预防控制中心(CDC)建议可以自然受孕的家庭遵循“通常的防护措施”,而有些国家已将孕妇划归易感人群,依据是人们知道孕妇如果感染“某些病毒,后果会更严重”。

各家医院和各个子行业面对的挑战各有不同,具体取决于它们获得资金的模式和受欢迎程度,但生育医疗领域的所有人都有可能受到冲击。

大卫·萨布尔从20世纪90年代末开始投资辅助生育行业。他说:“影响很广泛,也有很多不便之处,为怀孕尝试了好几年的人搁置了他们的计划,经济方面也有问题,因为如果他们今后再重新开始,也许就没有那样的财力了。在最好的时候也会有达不到目标的公司。我们没办法衡量即将出现的问题会有多大,也不知道全球性衰退甚至更糟的情况会怎样展现出来。”

过去几年刚刚成熟的卵子冷冻服务特别容易受到影响。

生育科技初创公司Kindbody创始人兼首席执行官吉娜·巴塔西说:“经济衰退将使上班族和患者的价格敏感性超过以往任何时候,因此如果为服务定价时能考虑到衰退情况,这样的医疗机构的将成为赢家,或者说较为低端的那些。”Kindbody目前已融资3130万美元。该公司打算颠覆传统辅助生育行业,以更为生活化的方式推出一系列服务,包括生育能力评估、冻卵、试管婴儿、社区活动以及改善生育能力的保健品。“这确实取决于你的融资伙伴和烧钱速度。我们很幸运,因为我们拥有一些来自Perceptive Advisors、谷歌创投和RRE Ventures的最优秀伙伴。”

没人能够预测新冠疫情会持续多长时间,因此Kindbody等一些辅助生育公司已经在为生意至少中断一年做准备。

巴塔西指出:“以往的实际情况表明生育一直都耐得住衰退。我觉得只要开始回到新的常态,已经获得充足资金或者处于节省资金模式的生育科技初创公司就会蓬勃发展起来。我知道只要对所有患者来说可信,ASRM就会着眼于立即放宽限制。”

Extend Fertility是美国冻卵数量最多的公司之一,它一直为考虑冻卵的女性提供折扣,现在则要求缴纳预付款,而且只要解除禁令,患者就可以马上开始着手冻卵。目前Extend Fertility已经按ASRM的指导意见暂停了冻卵业务。

Extend Fertility首席临床医学官约书亚·克雷恩表示:“至少可以说,目前这个行业非常困难。我们正在竭尽全力地采取措施并为业务长期停滞做准备。我们无法想象自己能18个月不营业而完全保持现状。但我觉得一个月,或者2-3个月不营业是非常现实的。如果时间比这还要长,我们就必须想出应对之策。”

关键在于时机

医疗机构及其患者的核心顾虑是许多生育相关服务都对时间很敏感,从生物钟以及手术本身的精细时间安排来说都是如此。除了其他行业面临的不确定性和压力,生育相关服务还面临着新冠病毒对受孕产生潜在风险的问题。

这种紧张局势持续的时间越长,医疗机构的财务压力就越大。在情况全面回归正常以及患者感到放心从而重新接受治疗前,它们的灯能亮多久?能为员工发多长时间的工资?又能继续经营多长时间呢?

在Extend Fertility,患者完成治疗平均需要1.4个冻卵周期,具体时间取决于年龄。年龄较轻的女性通常需要较少的周期。总的来说,2018和2019年该公司完成了1900多个冻卵周期,目前它预计今年的数字将“短暂地急剧下跌”。

克雷恩说:“如果过了非常长的时间而[患者]无法实施他们拟定的计划,那显然会让人感到焦虑。从临床医学角度讲,我们可以向人们保证……对大多数女性来说,通常无需为现在冻卵和2-3个月后冻卵的差异感到担心。”

联邦政府的最新指导意见和死亡人数预期至少已经延续到了8月份,而在哪些公司可以恢复正常运营以及能多快恢复运营方面仍有许多不确定性。

对全世界的患者来说,辅助生育服务事实上的停滞已经产生了影响。

30岁的柯斯蒂·汉普森在英国生活。她说:“六年来我们一直在尝试受孕。我的医疗机构是巴斯的CARE Fertility,而且他们已经跟我说了20次,我还没有开始填雌激素水平记录表,因此不能算已经进入冻卵周期,所以会把它取消。现在我只能等着,直到他们再次开始进行治疗。”

辅助生育治疗往往分几个步骤进行。得以在疫情爆发前完成了一些步骤的患者觉得自己很幸运,但现在他们不知道要等多久才能继续进行接下来的步骤。

茱莉亚·克莱默35岁,一年前在纽约完成了一个卵子冷冻周期。她说:“这个过程会消耗大量的情感和体力。想到你无法完成它会让人非常悲伤。”冻卵前克莱默曾计划自然受孕,但现在她已经暂停了接下来的几个步骤。“我不知道是否要等到年底再去考虑这件事。”

虽然大多数医疗机构目前都已关闭,但并不是所有的辅助生育机构都在遵循上述行业指导意见。弗吉尼亚、亚利桑那和佛罗里达等几个州已发布停止非必需手术的行政命令,但不遵守ASRM的指导意见并没有什么直接后果。

ASRM发言人西恩·提普顿在电子邮件中表示:“ASRM是一个教育组织,并非监管机构。我们的工作是尽量为我们的成员及其患者提供优质信息,以便他们做出正确的医疗决定。”

革新机会

辅助生育仍是相当新的行业,在过去五年中越来越受欢迎,而且不断涌现出新的公司。现在,受全球性疫情影响,这个行业已基本处于停滞状态。行业专家认为,有可能挺过这场风暴的是那些已经赢得客户青睐,已经证明其产品与市场契合而且提供平价服务的老牌公司。

克雷恩指出:“我猜这会带来颠覆,而且或许会永远改变辅助生育行业中不同公司的处境。我不能在竞争方面说自己的好话,但处于成长阶段以及在营销阶段花费大量资金的初创公司缺乏临床业务量的支持,它们有理由比我们更焦虑。”

一些投资者将本次危机视为这个行业自我革新的机会,并有可能为患者更容易负担的解决方案和自动化技术打开大门。

投资机构HAX驻巴黎合伙人本杰明·杰夫说:“对投资者来说,辅助生育行业非常有意思。它处于成长阶段,而且其中的医疗机构目前陷入困境让它变得更有吸引力了,具体情况则取决于这些初创公司找到的解决方案。任何以客户为导向的方案,以及可以降低医疗机构成本的方案都会变得更为重要。”

在美国,有些人认为这场危机是解决部分系统性问题的机会,比如价格高,存在阻碍人们接触到这个行业的障碍,缺乏生育教育,营销过程中的职业道德以及缺乏存放场地。这有可能加快行业预测趋势的发展速度并重塑整个行业以及试管婴儿等细分领域的未来。

萨布尔说:“美国及世界其他地区的试管婴儿行业需要大幅提升处理效率,而这场危机将放大这种需要。”他指出,对此类服务的需求一直大于这个行业的供给能力,“几十年来,这个行业的全球服务供给一直极为不足,而且美国的服务匮乏程度要高得多。这个问题不可能只通过降价在一夜之间得到解决。”

和其他国家相比,美国的许多辅助生育治疗依然成本高昂——相关信息网站FertilityIQ的数据显示,试管婴儿的平均费用为每周期2.3万美元,冻卵的平均费用约为1.7万美元。药物费用、存放费用以及需要几个周期因人而异,但试管婴儿患者一般都需要多个周期。部分保险合同已经开始覆盖某些辅助生育项目,但其中大多数费用往往由患者承担。

定于8月份开业的纽约初创企业TMRW以试管婴儿样本管理系统为主业,像它一样的公司认为生育技术的突破会扩大需求,从而使医疗机构需要应付“众多他们照料的胚胎”,而目前的医疗机构不具备这样的规模。TMRW估算,美国患者存放的卵子或胚胎已从2005年的1.7万个猛增至2017年的70万个。

对业内公司来说,这场疫情已经在创造收入和支持现有客户方面给他们带来了压力。

Modern Fertility和Kindbody等公司正着眼于在线维持现有客户并吸引潜在客户。

4月4日,Kindbody主办了一次网上务虚会,要点包括“生育事实、财务富足、健康饮食和冥想”。几乎900人参加了这次会议,该公司称本次在线交流“前所未有”。

CEO巴塔西说,在辅助生育行业陷入停滞期间,Kindbody为应对新冠疫情贡献出了自己的临床场地和医疗专业人员。

这场危机也没有吓退在辅助生育行业看到了机会和需求的新生力量。

一种跟踪生育能力的凯格尔装置——Kegg在新冠疫情期间上市了,它的生育跟踪功能以宫颈粘液为基础,目前正在等待美国食品药品监督管理局审批。Kegg公司仍计划本月交付第一笔订单。

中国大陆爆发新冠疫情后,Kegg公司开始从台湾采购零部件。同时,传统医疗机构暂停运营让这家公司看到了机会,因为前者的客户仍需要得到支持。

Kegg公司创始人兼CEO克里斯蒂娜·卡霍乔瓦说:“新冠疫情加快了所有服务和产品向线上转移的进程。幸运的是,我们已经有了可穿戴设备和数字健康公司,用户可以舒适地待在家里并获得它们提供的服务。我们比某些新公司准备的好。另外,由于医疗机构关门歇业,70万试管婴儿患者正在网上焦急地搜索对策。”

作为一个整体,辅助生育行业受到的长期影响最终将取决于本次疫情以及ASRM现行指导意见延续的时间。

Extend Fertility首席临床医学官克雷恩认为:“就算过去三个月没有新冠病毒,这个话题本身对时间也很敏感。辅助生育不是需要率先解禁的领域,但也不是最后一个。我觉得我们不必等到最后一个新冠肺炎患者痊愈。”

许多辅助生育患者可能都会认为辅助生育已经存在许多不确定之处,而且随着时间流逝,成功的可能性会不断下降。对许多人来说,选择正确的治疗方法以及完成随后的手术需要时间,而且这个手术有限制条件。

动手术的时间以及手术过程本身都对时间很敏感,而且必须以非常正确的方法实施,克莱默把自己的冻卵周期形容为买辅助生育保险。

她说:“现在官方指导意见搞的这样也不行了,这真的让人伤心。”(财富中文网)

译者:Charlie

审校:夏林

As social distancing becomes the norm and hospitals across the country are overwhelmed with coronavirus cases, a stark, anxious reality is sinking in for thousands of Americans hoping to have a family someday, as well as companies whose business models often rely on smart time management for aspiring parents.

The American Society for Reproductive Medicine issued recommendations last month essentially halting egg freezing, IVF, and other procedures considered to be elective. The industry organization reasserted the same guidelines as of March 30, noting, “It is unclear how long the COVID-19 pandemic will continue.”

The coronavirus pandemic is already upending the fertility services industry—estimated at $27 billion by CB Insights—and impacting a range of patients, clinics, and fertility services, including surrogate pregnancies, egg freezing, and IVF. Since a lot of fertility treatments are time-sensitive, it’s only going to get more taxing emotionally and financially with each passing month.

The number of unknowns about the virus, including its impact on pregnancies and financial fallout for both patients and clinics, is plunging the fertility industry into unchartered crisis mode that may exceed the 2008 financial fallout.

Since there is limited scientific evidence on what the pregnancy risk is from the coronavirus, no consensus has yet been reached in the global medical community on what the best practices are, and there isn’t an outright ban on pregnancies. For couples who can get pregnant naturally, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommended following “usual preventive actions,” and some countries have categorized pregnant women as a vulnerable group based on the knowledge that “some viral infections are worse” in pregnant women.

Each clinic and industry segment face specific challenges depending on their funding model and traction, but everyone in reproductive medicine is likely to be impacted.

“There is a spectrum of impact, inconvenience, people putting their plans on hold who’ve tried to conceive for years, but also in terms of finances—if they need to restart at a later time, they may not have the financial resources,” said David Sable, who has invested in the fertility sector since the late 1990s. “In the best of times, there are going to be companies that don’t make it. We don’t have our arms around how big of a challenge it’s going to be. We don’t know the timetable for the worldwide recession or worse.”

Egg freezing, which has matured as a service only over the past few years, is particularly vulnerable.

“The recession will force employers and patients to be more price-sensitive than ever before, so the winners will be clinics who have priced their services in anticipation of the recession, which means on the lower end of the range,” said Gina Bartasi, founder and chief executive officer of Kindbody, a fertility startup that has raised $31.3 million so far looking to disrupt traditional clinic space with a more lifestyle approach to a range of services including fertility assessment, egg freezing, IVF, community events, and fertility supplements. “It really depends on your funding partner and burn rate. We're fortunate that we have some of the best partners in Perceptive Advisors, Google Ventures, and RRE Ventures.”

Since no one can predict how long the coronavirus outbreak will last, some fertility companies like Kindbody are already preparing for a disruption to their business of at least a year.

“Fertility has proven recession-resistant throughout time, and I think all fertility tech startups that have raised sufficient cash or are in cash conservation mode will thrive once we begin to return to the new normal,” said Bartasi. “I know ASRM is looking to reduce the restrictions as soon as plausible for the health of all patients.”

Extend Fertility, which has one of the largest egg freezing volumes in the country, is offering discounts for women considering freezing their eggs, which will require a deposit now, and patients can proceed with a cycle once the pause is lifted. The company has halted new cycles in line with ASRM’s guidelines.

“It’s a very hard time for the industry, to say the least,” said Joshua Klein, chief clinical officer at Extend Fertility. “We’re doing our best to buckle in and prepare for a prolonged interruption. We can’t imagine not doing business for 18 months and staying intact in the form in which we’re in. But I think a month or two or three is very realistic, and we’ll have to figure out how we manage that situation if it’s longer than that.”

Timing is everything

The central worry for the clinics and their patients is that a lot of fertility-related services are time-sensitive both in terms of the biological clock as well as the careful timing of the procedures themselves. The questions about the virus’s risks for pregnant patients add to the uncertainty and pressures faced by other types of businesses.

The longer this uneasy situation lasts, the bigger the financial strain on the clinics: How long can they keep the lights on, pay their staff, and continue operations until everything goes back to normal and their clients feel comfortable resuming treatments?

At Extend Fertility, it takes about 1.4 egg freeze cycles per patient to extract enough eggs to complete the treatment, depending on age; younger women typically require fewer cycles. In total, the company completed more than 1,900 egg freeze cycles in 2018 and 2019, and it is anticipating a “temporary dramatic drop” this year.

“If a very prolonged amount of time passes and [patients] can’t proceed with the plan that they had for themselves, that’s obviously a source of anxiety,” said Klein. “From a clinical perspective, we can reassure people that…for most women, the difference between freezing eggs today to two or three months from now is usually not something they need to be concerned about.”

The latest federal guidelines and death toll projections already include timelines through August, at least, although a lot of uncertainties remain about which businesses will be able to resume normal operations and how soon.

For patients around the world, a de facto moratorium on fertility procedures is already having an impact.

“We've been trying to conceive for six years,” said 30-year-old Kirsty Hampson, who lives in the U.K. “I'm with CARE Fertility in Bath, and I was told on the 20th that because I hadn't started the estrogen tablets, it didn't count as a started cycle and that it would be canceled. I now just have to wait until they are starting treatments again.”

Fertility treatments are often a multistep process. Patients who had the opportunity to complete some steps before the pandemic feel lucky, but they are now unsure about how long it will be before they can continue with the next steps.

“Going through the process is pretty emotionally and physically intensive. To think that you couldn’t have completed that would have been devastating,” said Julia Kramer, 35, who completed an egg freezing cycle a year ago in New York. She had plans to try to get pregnant naturally before using the frozen eggs, but she is now putting the next steps on hold. “I don’t know if I’ll be thinking about it until the end of the year.”

While most clinics are currently closed, not all fertility clinics are following the industry guidelines. Some states, including Virginia, Arizona, and Florida, have issued executive orders to halt elective surgeries, but there are no direct consequences for simply not following the ASRM’s guidelines.

"ASRM is an educational body, not a regulatory one,” said Sean Tipton, a spokesman for ASRM, in an email. “Our job is to provide our members and their patients with the best possible information so they can make sound medical decisions."

Opportunity for reinvention

Assisted reproduction is still a fairly new industry that has grown in popularity over the past five years, with new businesses popping up, and now the sector has been largely on hold because of a global pandemic. The more established companies that have already gained traction with clients, proven their product-market fit, and offer affordable services are likely to weather the storm, industry experts estimate.

“I imagine that will lead to disruption and maybe permanent change in the landscape of the different players in the fertility space,” Klein noted. “I can’t speak for my competition, but certainly newer startups that are more in their growth phase and spend a lot of money on their marketing phase without the clinical volume behind them, they are probably a little more anxious than we are.”

Some investors see this crisis as an opportunity for the industry to reinvent itself, potentially opening the door to more affordable solutions and automated technologies.

“For investors, the fertility sector is a very interesting, growing one, and the fact that clinics are having trouble might make it even more interesting, depending on solutions created by the startups,” said Benjamin Joffe, a Paris-based partner at HAX, an accelerator that focuses on hardware startups. “Anything that is consumer-oriented will be more and more relevant, and anything that can lower the costs for clinics is also more relevant.”

In the U.S., some see the current crisis as a chance to address some of the systemic challenges like the high price point, obstacles preventing access, lack of fertility education, ethics in marketing, or lack of storage space. This could lead to expediting projected industry trends and redefining the future of the industry as well as specific segments like IVF.

“The current crisis is going to magnify the need for much more efficient throughput of the IVF segment in the U.S. and the rest of the world,” Sable said, noting there’s been more demand for services than the industry has been able to offer. “We’ve been incredibly underserving this population for decades, worldwide, and the degree of being underserved is much higher in the United States. You can’t rectify that overnight just by making it cheaper.”

Compared to other countries, many fertility treatments in the United States remain costly: An average IVF cycle costs more than $23,000, while an egg freezing cycle clocks in at an average of about $17,000, according to FertilityIQ. Medication costs, storage costs, and the number of cycles required varies by patient, but the average IVF patient completes multiple cycles. While some insurance plans are starting to cover parts of assisted reproduction, most of these costs are often paid out of pocket.

Companies like TMRW, a New York–based startup set to launch in August focusing on specimen management systems for IVF, see breakthroughs in fertility technology expanding demand for clinics to handle “billions of embryos in their care,” which today's labs can’t accommodate. The number of U.S. patients storing eggs or embryos jumped from 17,000 in 2005 to nearly 700,000 in 2017, according to TMRW’s estimates.

The pandemic has created immediate pressure for industry players to generate revenue and support their existing clients.

Companies like Modern Fertility and Kindbody are looking to sustain and engage their existing and potential clients online.

Kindbody hosted a virtual retreat on April 4, which featured “fertility facts, financial wellness, healthy eating, and meditation.” Almost 900 participants tuned in, the kind of virtual engagement the company described as “unlike anything” it has seen before.

The company is also making its clinical space and medical professionals available to tackle the coronavirus outbreak while the industry moratorium is in place, the CEO said.

The crisis is also not deterring new entrants that see opportunity and demand in the fertility industry.

Kegg, a fertility-tracking Kegel device, is going to market amid the coronavirus outbreak—its fertility tracking devices based on cervical fluid are pending FDA approval. The company is still planning to ship its first order this month.

Kegg began sourcing all of its components in Taiwan to reduce delays when the outbreak hit China, and the company is seeing an opportunity in the fact that while traditional clinics are closed, their clients still need support.

“COVID-19 accelerated the process of transitioning all services and products online. Fortunately, wearable devices and digital health companies have been built to serve users from the comfort of their homes,” said Kristina Cahojova, founder and CEO of Kegg. “We are better prepared than some newcomers. Also, 700,000 IVF patients are anxiously browsing the Internet on what to do when their fertility clinics are shutting down.”

The long-term impact on the fertility industry as a whole will ultimately depend on how long the pandemic and existing ASRM guidelines will last.

“Even if coronavirus is not a thing of the past completely three months from now, this is a time-sensitive topic by its nature,” noted Klein of Extend Fertility. “Fertility treatments are not the first thing that need to be open, but it’s not the last thing either. I don’t think we have to wait until the last case of coronavirus.”

Many fertility patients would agree: There is already a lot of uncertainty with assisted reproduction, and your chances of success diminish as time goes by. For many, it takes time to decide on the right treatment and then go through the process itself, which can be strict.

Since both the timing of the procedure and the process itself are time-sensitive and have to be done exactly right, Kramer described her egg freezing cycle as buying fertility insurance.

“With the guidelines now taking that away, it’s just devastating,” she said.

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