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特斯拉受疫情冲击严重,分析师依旧看好长期表现

特斯拉受疫情冲击严重,分析师依旧看好长期表现

David Z. Morris 2020-03-29
很多分析师认为特斯拉有很大的优势能挺过这场疫情。

鉴于新冠疫情呈蔓延趋势,特斯拉采取了看似十分极端的举措,在上周关闭了加州弗莱蒙特的汽车工厂,以及布法罗的太阳能面板工厂。

然而,尽管特斯拉会因此直接陷入困境,但很多分析师认为公司的长远前景出人意料的好。3月19日,也就是特斯拉发布关闭工厂声明之后,摩根士丹利甚至将特斯拉股票的评级从“卖出”上调至“观望”。这主要是因为特斯拉的股票已跌至更具吸引力的价格区间,同时还因为摩根士丹利的分析与其他观察家一样,认为电动汽车在挺过这场灾情方面有着很大的优势。

原因如下:

需求至上

很明显,特斯拉弗莱蒙特工厂的关闭将对其业务造成巨大冲击:该工厂是特斯拉最大的汽车生产厂。摩根士丹利认为关闭将持续一个月,并让特斯拉2020年的汽车交付量减少3万辆,也就是降至42万辆。然而,这个数字较特斯拉2019年36.7万辆的交付量依然是一个巨大的增长,但距离其自家预测的数字还有很大的差距,公司曾称今年的产量将“轻松超过50万”。

然后就是需求问题。特斯拉称,众多买主迫切希望买到特斯拉,公司所产的每一辆车都不愁卖,摩根士丹利的分析报告对此并无异议。然而,我们有理由质疑这一假设。即便在新冠病毒对汽车市场造成冲击之前,特斯拉也面临着电动汽车税收减免到期以及竞争加剧等不利因素。

没有人能够准确预测此次正在显现的经济衰退会拥有什么样的深度和广度。新车购买数量已经开始下滑,这一态势可能会延续两周的时间,但也有可能是4个月。特斯拉或将首次面临供过于求的局面。

Publicis Sapient交通行业首席分析师阿里萨•阿尔特曼表示:“如果整个汽车行业都在下滑,人们不会竞相花钱去买购买特斯拉。”这对于特斯拉的财务来说不是什么好消息。

现金为王

但这个最糟糕的情形实际上也指向了特斯拉能够笑到最后的原因:它拥有大量的现金储备。

最重要的是,特斯拉在2月通过新股发行筹集了23亿美元,此举看起来十分有先见之明。这些股票在2月12日的售价为767.29美元/股,一周后涨至917.42美元/股。对于中国疫情的担忧以及随后疫情在全世界的传播,让股价在上周三跌至505美元/股。

但特斯拉依然拿到了23亿美元的现金,也让其总现金储备达到了惊人的86亿美元。在最近向美国证券交易委员会提交的文件中,特斯拉还称自己大约有30亿美元的信贷额度。

特斯拉还背负着一些大额未偿债务,New Street Research的皮埃尔•菲拉古估计,这些债务包括对上海和柏林工厂的20亿美元承诺投资,以及15亿美元的供应商货款。但菲拉古认为,即便减去这些债务,再加上每季度6亿美元的净开支,特斯拉依然可以在没有额外投资的情况下运行15个月的时间。

尽管30亿美元的信贷额度存在一些限制,但特斯拉可以进一步延长其运营期限。另一方面,不断下滑的需求可能会让特斯拉预估的开支有所上升,但如果特斯拉能够将其运营期限延长的足够长,那么它也很有可能渡过严重经济衰退中最困难的时期,然后恢复增长。

长期愿景

在埃隆•马斯克的领导下,特斯拉有条不紊地(也可以说是戏剧性地)打造了一个电动汽车零售市场,并在这一领域占据了主导地位。一般的经济衰退不大可能让这个已然成功的公司脱轨。但如果新冠疫情对经济造成更大的破坏,这个故事可能就会被大幅改写,只是结果未卜。

摩根士丹利在3月11日的另一份报告中指出,原油市场便是一个明显的威胁。在原油生产巨头沙特与俄罗斯之间价格战的推波助澜下,新冠疫情引发了有史以来最大的油价跌幅。阿尔特曼认为,疫情对全球经济的持续影响,例如制成品供应链的缩短,将让油价继续在低位运行。燃油价格的降低也会削减司机购买电动汽车的意愿,因为它降低了内燃机汽车的持有成本。

然而,摩根士丹利的分析师指出,这并非是一个严重的威胁,因为电动汽车购买的下一次爆发将源自于大型车队的电动化,而私人购买将退居二线。阿尔特曼称,与十年前相比,消费者认为电动汽车的问题并不在于燃油成本,而是充电设施。在这一领域,特斯拉先进的专属超级充电系统在同行业中可谓是鲜有敌手。

另一个风险在于,经济严重的下滑可能对政府政策造成的冲击,而这些政策可能对特斯拉的增长来说至关重要。如果严重的经济衰退给政府预算带来压力,那么包括德国、韩国在内的诸多国家可能会削减为电动汽车买家提供的丰厚补贴,而补贴的削减又会导致销量的减少,并减缓该行业在经济好转时的恢复速度。受此影响,特斯拉将越发难以完成其大规模生产Model 3s和Model Ys,并以此维持利润的目标。

然而,阿尔特曼给出了完全相反的预测。她说:“疫情过后,重建基础设施的决心将得到重振。这是一个巨大的机遇,能够让我们以不同的方式来思考人们的出行方式。”

这可能意味着政府会出台新的大型动议,支持电动汽车充电网络的建设、电池研发,甚至是直接提升补贴。自由派智囊团Data for Progress认为,新冠疫情消退后的经济刺激可能会依赖于此类碳减排举措。尽管这类政策在当前的美国不大可能会出现,但领导层的变动或全球范围内的类似动议可能会创造一个真正有利于电动汽车行业恢复的环境,受益者不仅包括特斯拉,还包括经济的其他领域。(财富中文网)

译者:冯丰

审校:夏林

鉴于新冠疫情呈蔓延趋势,特斯拉采取了看似十分极端的举措,在上周关闭了加州弗莱蒙特的汽车工厂,以及布法罗的太阳能面板工厂。

然而,尽管特斯拉会因此直接陷入困境,但很多分析师认为公司的长远前景出人意料的好。3月19日,也就是特斯拉发布关闭工厂声明之后,摩根士丹利甚至将特斯拉股票的评级从“卖出”上调至“观望”。这主要是因为特斯拉的股票已跌至更具吸引力的价格区间,同时还因为摩根士丹利的分析与其他观察家一样,认为电动汽车在挺过这场灾情方面有着很大的优势。

原因如下:

需求至上

很明显,特斯拉弗莱蒙特工厂的关闭将对其业务造成巨大冲击:该工厂是特斯拉最大的汽车生产厂。摩根士丹利认为关闭将持续一个月,并让特斯拉2020年的汽车交付量减少3万辆,也就是降至42万辆。然而,这个数字较特斯拉2019年36.7万辆的交付量依然是一个巨大的增长,但距离其自家预测的数字还有很大的差距,公司曾称今年的产量将“轻松超过50万”。

然后就是需求问题。特斯拉称,众多买主迫切希望买到特斯拉,公司所产的每一辆车都不愁卖,摩根士丹利的分析报告对此并无异议。然而,我们有理由质疑这一假设。即便在新冠病毒对汽车市场造成冲击之前,特斯拉也面临着电动汽车税收减免到期以及竞争加剧等不利因素。

没有人能够准确预测此次正在显现的经济衰退会拥有什么样的深度和广度。新车购买数量已经开始下滑,这一态势可能会延续两周的时间,但也有可能是4个月。特斯拉或将首次面临供过于求的局面。

Publicis Sapient交通行业首席分析师阿里萨•阿尔特曼表示:“如果整个汽车行业都在下滑,人们不会竞相花钱去买购买特斯拉。”这对于特斯拉的财务来说不是什么好消息。

现金为王

但这个最糟糕的情形实际上也指向了特斯拉能够笑到最后的原因:它拥有大量的现金储备。

最重要的是,特斯拉在2月通过新股发行筹集了23亿美元,此举看起来十分有先见之明。这些股票在2月12日的售价为767.29美元/股,一周后涨至917.42美元/股。对于中国疫情的担忧以及随后疫情在全世界的传播,让股价在上周三跌至505美元/股。

但特斯拉依然拿到了23亿美元的现金,也让其总现金储备达到了惊人的86亿美元。在最近向美国证券交易委员会提交的文件中,特斯拉还称自己大约有30亿美元的信贷额度。

特斯拉还背负着一些大额未偿债务,New Street Research的皮埃尔•菲拉古估计,这些债务包括对上海和柏林工厂的20亿美元承诺投资,以及15亿美元的供应商货款。但菲拉古认为,即便减去这些债务,再加上每季度6亿美元的净开支,特斯拉依然可以在没有额外投资的情况下运行15个月的时间。

尽管30亿美元的信贷额度存在一些限制,但特斯拉可以进一步延长其运营期限。另一方面,不断下滑的需求可能会让特斯拉预估的开支有所上升,但如果特斯拉能够将其运营期限延长的足够长,那么它也很有可能渡过严重经济衰退中最困难的时期,然后恢复增长。

长期愿景

在埃隆•马斯克的领导下,特斯拉有条不紊地(也可以说是戏剧性地)打造了一个电动汽车零售市场,并在这一领域占据了主导地位。一般的经济衰退不大可能让这个已然成功的公司脱轨。但如果新冠疫情对经济造成更大的破坏,这个故事可能就会被大幅改写,只是结果未卜。

摩根士丹利在3月11日的另一份报告中指出,原油市场便是一个明显的威胁。在原油生产巨头沙特与俄罗斯之间价格战的推波助澜下,新冠疫情引发了有史以来最大的油价跌幅。阿尔特曼认为,疫情对全球经济的持续影响,例如制成品供应链的缩短,将让油价继续在低位运行。燃油价格的降低也会削减司机购买电动汽车的意愿,因为它降低了内燃机汽车的持有成本。

然而,摩根士丹利的分析师指出,这并非是一个严重的威胁,因为电动汽车购买的下一次爆发将源自于大型车队的电动化,而私人购买将退居二线。阿尔特曼称,与十年前相比,消费者认为电动汽车的问题并不在于燃油成本,而是充电设施。在这一领域,特斯拉先进的专属超级充电系统在同行业中可谓是鲜有敌手。

另一个风险在于,经济严重的下滑可能对政府政策造成的冲击,而这些政策可能对特斯拉的增长来说至关重要。如果严重的经济衰退给政府预算带来压力,那么包括德国、韩国在内的诸多国家可能会削减为电动汽车买家提供的丰厚补贴,而补贴的削减又会导致销量的减少,并减缓该行业在经济好转时的恢复速度。受此影响,特斯拉将越发难以完成其大规模生产Model 3s和Model Ys,并以此维持利润的目标。

然而,阿尔特曼给出了完全相反的预测。她说:“疫情过后,重建基础设施的决心将得到重振。这是一个巨大的机遇,能够让我们以不同的方式来思考人们的出行方式。”

这可能意味着政府会出台新的大型动议,支持电动汽车充电网络的建设、电池研发,甚至是直接提升补贴。自由派智囊团Data for Progress认为,新冠疫情消退后的经济刺激可能会依赖于此类碳减排举措。尽管这类政策在当前的美国不大可能会出现,但领导层的变动或全球范围内的类似动议可能会创造一个真正有利于电动汽车行业恢复的环境,受益者不仅包括特斯拉,还包括经济的其他领域。(财富中文网)

译者:冯丰

审校:夏林

Tesla took the seemingly dire step of closing a car factory in Fremont, Calif., and a solar panel plant in Buffalo this week because of the coronavirus epidemic.

But despite its immediate struggles, many analysts consider the company’s long-term outlook to be surprisingly good. On March 19, just after announcing the closures, Morgan Stanley even went so far as to upgrade its rating on Tesla’s stock to the equivalent of a “hold,” from its equivalent of a “sell.” That’s largely because the stock has fallen to a more attractive price, but also because Morgan’s analysts, like some other observers, think the electric carmaker is well-positioned to navigate choppy waters.

Here’s why:

Wheels on the Ground

Obviously, Tesla’s Fremont plant closure will have a significant impact on business: The factory is the company’s biggest car producer. Morgan Stanley assumes the shutdown will last a month and reduce Tesla’s annual car deliveries by 30,000 in 2020 to 420,000 cars. That would still be a substantial increase from Tesla’s 2019 delivery of 367,000 vehicles, but still well short of its own prediction that this year’s production would “comfortably exceed 500,000 units.”

Then there’s the demand question. Morgan Stanley’s analysis accepts Tesla’s claims that it has so many eager buyers, it can sell every car it produces. But there’s reason to question that assumption. Even before COVID-19 crashed the auto market, Tesla was facing headwinds like expiring tax credits for electric vehicles and rising competition.

And no one can predict with certainty the depth or length of the recession that is unfolding. It’s possible that the downturn in new car purchases, which has already begun, lasts two weeks, but it’s also possible it lasts four months. For the first time, Tesla could even wind up producing more cars than it can sell.

“If the industry takes a dive as a whole, people aren’t going to be running to spend money on a Tesla,” says Alyssa Altman, lead transportation analyst for Publicis Sapient, which does not have a financial position in Tesla.

Money in the Bank

But that worst-case scenario actually points to why Tesla is ultimately so well-positioned: It’s sitting on a massive cash reserve.

Above all, Tesla’s decision to raise an extra $2.3 billion from new stock sales in February is looking clairvoyant. That stock sold on Feb. 12 for $767.29 per share, then peaked just a week later at $917.42. Anxiety about the coronavirus in China, then the rest of the world, has driven the stock back down to $505 on Wednesday.

But Tesla still gets to keep the $2.3 billion, pushing its total cash reserves to a whopping $8.6 billion. In a recent SEC filing, Tesla also said it has approximately $3 billion in available lines of credit.

Tesla has some large outstanding obligations, which Pierre Ferragu of New Street Research estimates includes $2 billion in committed investment for factories in Shanghai and Berlin, and $1.5 billion in payments to suppliers. But even accounting for that money, at $600 million per quarter in net spending, Ferragu thinks Tesla can operate for 15 months without further investment.

While there are some restrictions on that $3 billion in credit, Tesla could extend the runway even further. On the other hand, declining demand could increase Tesla’s estimated cash burn. But there’s still a good chance Tesla’s runway is long enough to outlast the worst stretch of even a serious recession, then return to growth.

The Long After

Under CEO Elon Musk, Tesla has methodically, if somewhat theatrically, built a retail market for electric vehicles and taken a dominant position therein. An average recession wouldn’t likely derail that success. But if COVID-19 creates greater economic damage, the narrative could be drastically altered—for worse or for better.

As Morgan Stanley highlighted in a separate March 11 report, the oil market is one clear threat. With help from a price war between oil-producing giants Saudi Arabia and Russia, the coronavirus has triggered the sharpest drop in oil prices in memory. Altman believes that lasting global transformations from the coronavirus, such as shortened supply chains for manufactured goods, will keep those prices low. Cheaper gasoline could make drivers less likely to buy an EV, because it lowers the cost of owning an internal-combustion vehicle.

However, Morgan Stanley’s analysts say this is not a serious threat, because the next “burst” in EV adoption will be from large fleets going electric, with consumer adoption taking a back seat. And Altman says consumer thinking about EVs is less driven by gas costs than it was a decade ago, and more about charging infrastructure—an area where Tesla’s sophisticated and exclusive Supercharger system has an advantage over competitors.

Another risk is the impact a serious downturn could have on government initiatives that have been crucial to Tesla’s growth. If a serious recession pressures government budgets, cuts could threaten generous incentives given to EV buyers in countries from Germany to South Korea. The cuts would dampen sales and slow their return in a recovery, putting Tesla further away from the goal of producing Model 3s and Model Ys at the large scale necessary for sustained profits.

Altman, however, predicts quite the opposite. “The push to rebuild infrastructure is going to be renewed after this,” she says. “There’s a huge opportunity to think differently about how people move around.”

That could mean large new government initiatives to support EV-charging networks, battery research, or even increasing direct subsidies. Coronavirus recovery stimulus could be tied to such decarbonizing efforts, as proposed by liberal think tank Data for Progress. While politically unlikely in the present-day U.S., leadership changes or similar initiatives globally could set the stage for a truly electric recovery—for Tesla and the rest of the economy.

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