立即打开
美国零售巨头忙自救,电商是出路吗?

美国零售巨头忙自救,电商是出路吗?

王波非(Phil Wahba) 2020-03-23
虽然美国的电商业务在增长,大多数零售商还是离不开实体店。因此如何将实体店和网购结合,将变成为走出困境的重点之一。

SARS疫情后,淘宝、京东等电商,及顺丰等快递业务等迅速发展,至今已稳占市场。到了今天,直播、团购、二手电商乃至无人电商等新式电商也早已拼的如火如荼。

今年的新冠病毒疫情,则同样既是危机,又是机遇。一方面,本来就萧条萎缩的传统零售业损失更加惨重;另一面,疫情进一步推动了超市和便利店的网络化,生鲜电商、健康电商等业务更是得到快速增长。对本来就竞争激烈的国内电商业而言,供应链管理、冷链物流、质量检测等关键竞争因素将决定最终的洗牌结果。

美国的零售业同样因疫情经受挑战。从诺德斯特龙百货公司,苹果商店,到蔻驰等各大品牌,都纷纷宣布关闭门店至少到三月末。

数千万美国人将把大量的时间花在网上,因此人们禁不住会想,实体店关闭留出的空缺,电商可以来轻松填补。

但这种想法实际上忽视了一些因素,例如,经济正急转直下,裁员和股市低迷的新闻接踵而来,消费者紧张不安;和中国不同的是,美国大多数零售商还是离不开实体店,传统零售商可能一定程度上要依靠门店来支持网上销售;另外,零售商对电子商务的准备程度也参差不齐。

“电商不是救世主。”零售咨询公司GlobalData Retail的总经理尼尔·桑德斯警告说。实体零售商可能很快就会关闭大批门店。美国最大的百货商场美国购物中心在周二宣布暂停营业两周。彭博新闻周二报道称,截止到3月13日的这周,美国零售商的周客流量减少了31%,而这周之后,美国开始执行更严格的限制措施。周二,新泽西州宣布所有室内商场全部关闭。

根据美国商务部的数据,上个月,在线销售和目录销售占总零售消费额(不含餐厅和汽车消费)的17%。虽然关于电商增长的报道很多,但绝大多数零售额依旧来自实体店。(亚马逊公司本周宣布将额外招聘10万名员工以应对激增的业务,但周二又称将暂停卖家向其仓库发货。)

遭受多年的打击之后,许多零售商终于找到了与亚马逊竞争的方法:利用实体店作为额外的分销中心和商品退换点,并在规划和商品采购方面全面整合数字与实体销售。

沃尔玛和塔吉特都投入了数十亿美元进行店铺改造,提供网购订单开车自提服务,或从遍布全美的门店直接发货。诺德斯特龙的在线销售额则占了35%,其利用不断扩大的小型门店网络,更方便提取订单,而且用户不需要前往大商场就可以退换货物。

越是走网购科技路线的零售商,越是得到丰厚的回报:塔吉特称在假日销售季期间,80%的网络销售增长都来自于当日提取服务,或是店内订单自提,或是店外免下车送货。科尔百货假日季期间的在线订单,约一半是店内自提订单。沃尔玛则利用店内商品满足了大部分网购食品和日用品订单,在这方面他们领先于亚马逊。

这些零售商走网购路线的最大的好处是,因为大量使用门店进行订单自提、发货和退换货,这就降低了货运成本,缩短了送货时间。塔吉特称,近期在线订单的“经济性”或“盈利情况”与店内销售的情况基本相同。不过,桑德斯认为,如果连锁零售商没有大量或有效使用实体店的话,那么在线销售则很难能实现盈利。

沃尔玛和塔吉特幸运的是,因为这两家超市店内有药店和食品销售,所以门店在疫情期间会继续开放。

但诺德斯特龙在周一晚些时候宣布,所有门店将关闭两周时间。拥有40亿美元在线业务的盖璞集团同样将暂时关闭所有门店。这些零售商会失去电子商务的关键节点,销售受到很大损害。

在当前混局中,表现最好的依旧是电商业务强大的公司,根据咨询和研究公司Customer Growth Partners的总裁克雷格·约翰逊的定义,这些公司的销售额中,至少有20%来自网购。

这些公司包括梅西百货、家得宝、科尔士百货、诺德斯特龙和威廉姆斯-索诺玛等。但他也警告,即便是业绩最好的连锁零售商,在关店期间,能保持住的实体销售额可能都不到原来的40%。

因此,新冠疫情可能会扩大在线零售的赢家和输家之间的差距。这意味着,如果零售商应用程序或网站做得好,掌握着丰富的数据和在线客户群,他们就更有能力满足购物者的需求,或者向购物者推荐相应的交易或服务。“这些零售商懂他们最忠诚的客户,一直在了解他们。”约翰逊说。

超市变成自提点

为了缓解疫情带来的损失,一种方法是充分利用本来要关闭的门店,把它们作为电商订单自提点,这类似于许多美国餐厅目前的做法:允许顾客自提外卖订单,但不能在店内用餐。

“他们会继续经营这些店铺,但不对客户开放,而是成为‘幕后商场’。”市场研究公司Forrester的分析师苏查雷塔·柯达里说。沃尔玛、塔吉特、百思买和家得宝等连锁零售商大部分都有独立门店,他们拥有最大的余地是,如果一旦不得不关店,至少可以把这些门店改造成自提点。

分析师们都认为,在网购方面仍在苦苦追赶的零售商,将成为最大的输家。彭尼百货在疫情前就已经存在顾客流失和销量萎缩的问题,他们最近聘请了一位首席数字官,对网站进行现代化升级,但这意味着一旦门店不得不缩短运营时间或者关闭,彭尼百货将面临巨大的挑战。

CGP公司的约翰逊预测,受疫情影响,在线销售额在美国零售总额中所占的比例将迅速增加到20%,但这只是说明,在线业务表现好的零售商,蒙受的损失比较轻而已。而且,在线销售占比增长的一部分原因只是数学上的结果,即零售额下降导致分母变小,至少在本季度,零售额下降将不可避免。而在电子商务方面反应迟缓的零售商,会更加落后。

约翰逊表示,如果一家零售商的在线业务占比低于10%至20%,这就代表它的前景不容乐观。(财富中文网)

译者:Biz

责编:雨晨

SARS疫情后,淘宝、京东等电商,及顺丰等快递业务等迅速发展,至今已稳占市场。到了今天,直播、团购、二手电商乃至无人电商等新式电商也早已拼的如火如荼。

今年的新冠病毒疫情,则同样既是危机,又是机遇。一方面,本来就萧条萎缩的传统零售业损失更加惨重;另一面,疫情进一步推动了超市和便利店的网络化,生鲜电商、健康电商等业务更是得到快速增长。对本来就竞争激烈的国内电商业而言,供应链管理、冷链物流、质量检测等关键竞争因素将决定最终的洗牌结果。

美国的零售业同样因疫情经受挑战。从诺德斯特龙百货公司,苹果商店,到蔻驰等各大品牌,都纷纷宣布关闭门店至少到三月末。

数千万美国人将把大量的时间花在网上,因此人们禁不住会想,实体店关闭留出的空缺,电商可以来轻松填补。

但这种想法实际上忽视了一些因素,例如,经济正急转直下,裁员和股市低迷的新闻接踵而来,消费者紧张不安;和中国不同的是,美国大多数零售商还是离不开实体店,传统零售商可能一定程度上要依靠门店来支持网上销售;另外,零售商对电子商务的准备程度也参差不齐。

“电商不是救世主。”零售咨询公司GlobalData Retail的总经理尼尔·桑德斯警告说。实体零售商可能很快就会关闭大批门店。美国最大的百货商场美国购物中心在周二宣布暂停营业两周。彭博新闻周二报道称,截止到3月13日的这周,美国零售商的周客流量减少了31%,而这周之后,美国开始执行更严格的限制措施。周二,新泽西州宣布所有室内商场全部关闭。

根据美国商务部的数据,上个月,在线销售和目录销售占总零售消费额(不含餐厅和汽车消费)的17%。虽然关于电商增长的报道很多,但绝大多数零售额依旧来自实体店。(亚马逊公司本周宣布将额外招聘10万名员工以应对激增的业务,但周二又称将暂停卖家向其仓库发货。)

遭受多年的打击之后,许多零售商终于找到了与亚马逊竞争的方法:利用实体店作为额外的分销中心和商品退换点,并在规划和商品采购方面全面整合数字与实体销售。

沃尔玛和塔吉特都投入了数十亿美元进行店铺改造,提供网购订单开车自提服务,或从遍布全美的门店直接发货。诺德斯特龙的在线销售额则占了35%,其利用不断扩大的小型门店网络,更方便提取订单,而且用户不需要前往大商场就可以退换货物。

越是走网购科技路线的零售商,越是得到丰厚的回报:塔吉特称在假日销售季期间,80%的网络销售增长都来自于当日提取服务,或是店内订单自提,或是店外免下车送货。科尔百货假日季期间的在线订单,约一半是店内自提订单。沃尔玛则利用店内商品满足了大部分网购食品和日用品订单,在这方面他们领先于亚马逊。

这些零售商走网购路线的最大的好处是,因为大量使用门店进行订单自提、发货和退换货,这就降低了货运成本,缩短了送货时间。塔吉特称,近期在线订单的“经济性”或“盈利情况”与店内销售的情况基本相同。不过,桑德斯认为,如果连锁零售商没有大量或有效使用实体店的话,那么在线销售则很难能实现盈利。

沃尔玛和塔吉特幸运的是,因为这两家超市店内有药店和食品销售,所以门店在疫情期间会继续开放。

但诺德斯特龙在周一晚些时候宣布,所有门店将关闭两周时间。拥有40亿美元在线业务的盖璞集团同样将暂时关闭所有门店。这些零售商会失去电子商务的关键节点,销售受到很大损害。

在当前混局中,表现最好的依旧是电商业务强大的公司,根据咨询和研究公司Customer Growth Partners的总裁克雷格·约翰逊的定义,这些公司的销售额中,至少有20%来自网购。

这些公司包括梅西百货、家得宝、科尔士百货、诺德斯特龙和威廉姆斯-索诺玛等。但他也警告,即便是业绩最好的连锁零售商,在关店期间,能保持住的实体销售额可能都不到原来的40%。

因此,新冠疫情可能会扩大在线零售的赢家和输家之间的差距。这意味着,如果零售商应用程序或网站做得好,掌握着丰富的数据和在线客户群,他们就更有能力满足购物者的需求,或者向购物者推荐相应的交易或服务。“这些零售商懂他们最忠诚的客户,一直在了解他们。”约翰逊说。

超市变成自提点

为了缓解疫情带来的损失,一种方法是充分利用本来要关闭的门店,把它们作为电商订单自提点,这类似于许多美国餐厅目前的做法:允许顾客自提外卖订单,但不能在店内用餐。

“他们会继续经营这些店铺,但不对客户开放,而是成为‘幕后商场’。”市场研究公司Forrester的分析师苏查雷塔·柯达里说。沃尔玛、塔吉特、百思买和家得宝等连锁零售商大部分都有独立门店,他们拥有最大的余地是,如果一旦不得不关店,至少可以把这些门店改造成自提点。

分析师们都认为,在网购方面仍在苦苦追赶的零售商,将成为最大的输家。彭尼百货在疫情前就已经存在顾客流失和销量萎缩的问题,他们最近聘请了一位首席数字官,对网站进行现代化升级,但这意味着一旦门店不得不缩短运营时间或者关闭,彭尼百货将面临巨大的挑战。

CGP公司的约翰逊预测,受疫情影响,在线销售额在美国零售总额中所占的比例将迅速增加到20%,但这只是说明,在线业务表现好的零售商,蒙受的损失比较轻而已。而且,在线销售占比增长的一部分原因只是数学上的结果,即零售额下降导致分母变小,至少在本季度,零售额下降将不可避免。而在电子商务方面反应迟缓的零售商,会更加落后。

约翰逊表示,如果一家零售商的在线业务占比低于10%至20%,这就代表它的前景不容乐观。(财富中文网)

译者:Biz

责编:雨晨

With stores from Nordstrom and Apple to Hollister and Coach closed until at least late March, and tens of millions of Americans spending far more time at their computers, it's tempting to think e-commerce can simply pick up the slack for brick-and-mortar chains.

But that would ignore factors like an almost certain sharp economic downturnas nervous consumers digest headlines of layoffs and a swooning stock market; how much traditional retailers have come to rely on their stores to support digital sales; and the wide discrepancy of e-commerce readiness among retailers.

"E-commerce is no savior," warned Neil Saunders, managing director of GlobalData Retail. And brick-and-mortar retailers are likely to face many additional closings, and soon—Mall of America, the biggest in the country, said Tuesday it was closing for two weeks. Bloomberg News on Tuesday reported that foot traffic to U.S. retailers fell 31% in the week ended March 13, before deeper restrictions were imposed. New Jersey on Tuesday ordered all indoor malls closed.

According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, online and catalogue sales represented 17% of total retail spending (excluding restaurant and car expenses) last month. So for all of the hoopla about the growth in e-commerce, the vast majority of retail happens in physical stores. (Still, Amazon said this week it was hiring another 100,000 workers to help it with the surge and on Tuesday said it would halt shipments from marketplace sellers to its warehouses.)

After years of false starts, many retailers finally figured out how to compete with Amazon: use those stores as additional distribution centers, places to return items and fully integrate the digital and the physical in terms of planning and merchandise buying.

Walmart and Target have each spent billions retrofitting stores to enable drive-up online order pick-up and allow them to ship items from their stores that dot the country. Nordstrom, which gets 35% of sales online, uses a growing network of small local stores to make it easier to retrieve an order, or return something without having to go to a big department store.

And it's paying off handsomely for the most tech savvy retailers: Target said that 80% of its online sales growth over the holidays came from same-day services enabled by order pickup in the store or at a drive-up spot right outside one. About half of Kohl's online orders during the holidays are picked up at a store. And Walmart uses its store merchandise to fill most online grocery orders, something that has kept it head of Amazon on that front.

The biggest benefit to these retailers: the heavy use of stores for order pickup and shipping, and product returns cuts down on shipping costs and quickens delivery. Target said recently that the "economics" or the profitability" for online orders was about the same as it is for in-store sales. But for chains that don't use stores as widely or effectively, said Saunders, "online is nowhere near as profitable."

Lucky for Walmart and Target, because they have in-store pharmacies (at Target, they are CVS pharmacy locations) and sell food, they are set to remain open during the crisis.

But Nordstrom, which late Monday said it was closing all its stores for two weeks, and retailers like Gap Inc., which has a $4 billion online business and is also shutting all locations for the time being, will lose key nodes in their e-commerce, hurting their ability to hang on to sales.

Still, companies with a robust e-commerce offerings, which Customer Growth Partners president Craig Johnson defined as having at least 20% of sales come from their online presence, will fare the best in the currently turmoil.

That includes names such as Macy's, Home Depot, Kohl's, Nordstrom, and Williams-Sonoma. But he warned, even the best-in-class chains might be lucky to keep perhaps 40% of store sales lost during a closing.

So the coronavirus crisis is likely to deepen the gap between retail's online winners and its losers. That means those with data-rich loyalty programs that are well connected to apps and the retailer's web site are best equipped to offer shoppers what they really want, or suggest appropriate deals or services. "They know their best customers, they communicate with them," said Johnson.

Put dark stores to work

One way to mitigate the coming pain would be to use stores that are otherwise closed as e-commerce order pick-up spots. That would be akin to what many U.S. restaurants are starting to do: allowing people to pick up to-go orders but not to sit down and dine.

"They could operate the stores but not open them to customers, so have them be dark stores," said Forrester analyst Sucharita Kodali. (Chains including Walmart, Target, Best Buy, and Home Depot have, for the most part, standalone stores, giving them most leeway to use them just for pickup if they do end up closing any stores.)

The analysts agree that retailers still playing catch up on e-commerce will be the biggest losers. J.C. Penney, which is already dealing with an exodus of shoppers and dwindling sales, recently hired a new chief digital officer to finally modernize its site. That leaves the retailer challenged if the company has to operate stores at reduced hours or close them.

CGP's Johnson predict online sales as a percentage of total U.S. retail sales will quickly rise to 20% because of this crisis. But that just means retailers with good sites will lose the least. (Some of that increase will simply be the mathematical result of a lower denominator as retail sales fall, as they likely will at least during the current quarter.) E-commerce laggards will fall further behind.

"If you’re below 10[%] to 20%, you're behind the eight ball" he said.

热读文章
热门视频
扫描二维码下载财富APP