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亚洲人口老龄化将重新定义退休、养老照护与独立生活

Steve Finch
2026-09-03

随着预期寿命不断延长,人们开始重新思考,如何在自主养老的同时,给子女留下充足的财富。

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史蒂夫·芬奇是宏利亚洲区总裁兼首席执行官。图片来源:Courtesy of Manulife

未来十年,亚洲家庭预计将向下一代转移约10万亿美元财富,规模接近德国国内生产总值的两倍。然而,这一亮眼数字的背后,还藏着另一重现实。随着预期寿命不断延长,人们开始重新思考,如何在自主养老的同时,给子女留下充足的财富。

亚洲是全球老龄化进程最快的地区。联合国亚洲及太平洋经济社会委员会的数据显示,该地区60岁以上人口占比已达15%,预计到2050年,这一比例将攀升至26%。全球长寿人口集中在亚洲,中国香港位居前列,当地人均预期寿命达到85.5岁。中国大陆的人均预期寿命从1963年的52岁左右上升至如今的78岁。

这一转变的意义远不止于人口结构层面。寿命延长正深刻重塑人们对家庭财富规划、养老照护安排及代际责任边界的认知。

长期以来,亚洲很多家庭都遵循这样的传统:父母出钱供子女读书、帮子女置业,并最终留下遗产;而子女则承担赡养年迈父母的责任。但如今,这一家庭规划正在改变。我们的调研数据显示,亚洲成年人愈发重视自主养老、身体健康与财务安全,不再一味追求给后代留下尽可能多的遗产。

亚洲财富传承正翻开新篇章,衡量标准已不再局限于父母向子女转移财产,更在于一项更具价值的指标:拥有支撑长期独立生活的经济基础,进而减轻子女在照护方面的经济与情感负担。

宏利发布的《2026年宏利亚洲关怀调查》覆盖亚洲9个市场的9000名成年人,揭示了向自主养老转变的发展趋势。如今,选择与成年子女同住的老年人越来越少,在此背景下,亚洲男性预计需自行承担14年的晚年照护开支,女性则为15年。

绝大多数受访者认为,实现自主养老与财务自由,比向家人传承实物资产更重要。整个亚洲区域内,83%的受访者表示,保障自身晚年生活自由比为后代留下尽可能多财富更加重要。

受访者平均计划拿出68%的资金与资产,用于老年阶段的各项开销,其中包含医疗保健支出,剩余部分才留给子女。不同市场的这一占比存在差异:中国台湾受访者计划投入自身健康与养老照护的比例最高,达到78%;菲律宾与印度尼西亚占比最低,均为60%。

这一转变值得肯定,它代表着更可持续的长寿应对之道。当人们提前规划自身晚年开支,就不会成为整个家庭的经济负担。

这一点在亚洲意义尤为重大,当地传统养老照护模式正面临压力:家庭规模持续缩小,成年子女跨地域流动日益频繁,老年人与子女同住的比例不断下降。联合国人口基金警告称,家庭结构改变叠加人口流动,正在削弱亚太地区老年人的非正式支持体系,而许多正规医疗与社会照护体系无法跟上需求步伐。

在此背景下,提倡自主养老并非鼓吹个人至上。它代表着韧性:老年人得以自主规划晚年生活,家庭拥有更大的选择空间,政府与企业亦能更有效地维持退休保障体系。

许多亚洲民众需要重新思考如何充分释放储蓄的潜力。经济合作与发展组织的数据显示,亚洲养老金与家庭资产配置仍集中于现金和政府债券,股票持有比例相较发达经济体明显偏低。

如果人们希望靠资产维持更长时间的晚年生活,这种保守型投资策略显然难以提供所需的回报。

健康规划同样关键。我们的调查发现,许多人尚未采取必要举措实现自主养老。超过80%的受访者表示预防性保健对长寿至关重要,但实际上仅有26%的受访者进行早期健康筛查。

保险公司、雇主与政府都能发挥作用,助力公众实现自主养老,无论是推进疾病预防、推出更灵活的金融产品,还是构建更完善的公私合作伙伴关系。

先从疾病预防说起。早期筛查能够及早发现疾病,此时治疗效果更佳,完全康复的概率也显著提升,但太多人一拖再拖,等到确诊时,为时已晚。保险公司可将健康体检与预防性筛查纳入现有保险产品,宏利已将癌症早筛纳入产品。雇主也可通过职场健康计划落实同类举措。没有人会为自己尚且不知情的疾病,主动前往医院就诊。

金融产品也需要迭代升级。亚洲大部分保险与储蓄产品,仍基于过时假设:65岁退休之后,养老生活仅持续十年。这并不符合当代储蓄者的现实需求:他们希望工作到70岁,还期望85岁时能自主养老。我们需要灵活的保障方案,能随预期寿命的变化而调整,让自主养老真正具备经济可行性。

各国政府也在着手应对这类结构性挑战,从完善公共养老金制度到推出预防性保健项目。

这为行业与政府之间的合作提供了重要契机。

亚洲各地已出现不少行之有效的范例。日本个人储蓄账户(NISA)印证了政府能够有效引导家庭从静态储蓄转向主动投资。中国香港的强积金计划(宏利是该计划最大的供应商)展现了强制缴存制度如何将月薪转化为退休资产。新加坡的公积金终身入息计划展示了如何将养老储蓄转化为终身收入。

我们在健康和养老照护领域看到了同样的公私合作机遇。中国香港的自愿医保计划(宏利是该计划主要供应商之一)展示了政府激励如何与商业保险协同发力。在这一模式下,政府制定规则框架与税收优惠政策,私营机构负责产品开发并承担风险。将这一模式应用到健康领域,可对通过保险计划提供的预防性保健给予税收减免,或设定全国筛查目标,动员保险公司和雇主推进落实。

亚洲人追求长寿,也希望实现自主养老,正围绕这一目标重新规划财富。未来十年,保险公司、雇主与政府的使命是制定能实现这一愿景的解决方案。

成功应对这一挑战的地区,远不止实现财富代际传递,更会为全世界树立范本:如何在人口寿命不断延长的时代,让老年人拥有高品质的晚年生活。(财富中文网)

史蒂夫·芬奇(Steve Finch)是宏利亚洲区(Manulife Asia)总裁兼首席执行官。

Fortune.com上发表的评论文章中表达的观点,仅代表作者本人的观点,不代表《财富》杂志的观点和立场。

译者:中慧言-王芳

未来十年,亚洲家庭预计将向下一代转移约10万亿美元财富,规模接近德国国内生产总值的两倍。然而,这一亮眼数字的背后,还藏着另一重现实。随着预期寿命不断延长,人们开始重新思考,如何在自主养老的同时,给子女留下充足的财富。

亚洲是全球老龄化进程最快的地区。联合国亚洲及太平洋经济社会委员会的数据显示,该地区60岁以上人口占比已达15%,预计到2050年,这一比例将攀升至26%。全球长寿人口集中在亚洲,中国香港位居前列,当地人均预期寿命达到85.5岁。中国大陆的人均预期寿命从1963年的52岁左右上升至如今的78岁。

这一转变的意义远不止于人口结构层面。寿命延长正深刻重塑人们对家庭财富规划、养老照护安排及代际责任边界的认知。

长期以来,亚洲很多家庭都遵循这样的传统:父母出钱供子女读书、帮子女置业,并最终留下遗产;而子女则承担赡养年迈父母的责任。但如今,这一家庭规划正在改变。我们的调研数据显示,亚洲成年人愈发重视自主养老、身体健康与财务安全,不再一味追求给后代留下尽可能多的遗产。

亚洲财富传承正翻开新篇章,衡量标准已不再局限于父母向子女转移财产,更在于一项更具价值的指标:拥有支撑长期独立生活的经济基础,进而减轻子女在照护方面的经济与情感负担。

宏利发布的《2026年宏利亚洲关怀调查》覆盖亚洲9个市场的9000名成年人,揭示了向自主养老转变的发展趋势。如今,选择与成年子女同住的老年人越来越少,在此背景下,亚洲男性预计需自行承担14年的晚年照护开支,女性则为15年。

绝大多数受访者认为,实现自主养老与财务自由,比向家人传承实物资产更重要。整个亚洲区域内,83%的受访者表示,保障自身晚年生活自由比为后代留下尽可能多财富更加重要。

受访者平均计划拿出68%的资金与资产,用于老年阶段的各项开销,其中包含医疗保健支出,剩余部分才留给子女。不同市场的这一占比存在差异:中国台湾受访者计划投入自身健康与养老照护的比例最高,达到78%;菲律宾与印度尼西亚占比最低,均为60%。

这一转变值得肯定,它代表着更可持续的长寿应对之道。当人们提前规划自身晚年开支,就不会成为整个家庭的经济负担。

这一点在亚洲意义尤为重大,当地传统养老照护模式正面临压力:家庭规模持续缩小,成年子女跨地域流动日益频繁,老年人与子女同住的比例不断下降。联合国人口基金警告称,家庭结构改变叠加人口流动,正在削弱亚太地区老年人的非正式支持体系,而许多正规医疗与社会照护体系无法跟上需求步伐。

在此背景下,提倡自主养老并非鼓吹个人至上。它代表着韧性:老年人得以自主规划晚年生活,家庭拥有更大的选择空间,政府与企业亦能更有效地维持退休保障体系。

许多亚洲民众需要重新思考如何充分释放储蓄的潜力。经济合作与发展组织的数据显示,亚洲养老金与家庭资产配置仍集中于现金和政府债券,股票持有比例相较发达经济体明显偏低。

如果人们希望靠资产维持更长时间的晚年生活,这种保守型投资策略显然难以提供所需的回报。

健康规划同样关键。我们的调查发现,许多人尚未采取必要举措实现自主养老。超过80%的受访者表示预防性保健对长寿至关重要,但实际上仅有26%的受访者进行早期健康筛查。

保险公司、雇主与政府都能发挥作用,助力公众实现自主养老,无论是推进疾病预防、推出更灵活的金融产品,还是构建更完善的公私合作伙伴关系。

先从疾病预防说起。早期筛查能够及早发现疾病,此时治疗效果更佳,完全康复的概率也显著提升,但太多人一拖再拖,等到确诊时,为时已晚。保险公司可将健康体检与预防性筛查纳入现有保险产品,宏利已将癌症早筛纳入产品。雇主也可通过职场健康计划落实同类举措。没有人会为自己尚且不知情的疾病,主动前往医院就诊。

金融产品也需要迭代升级。亚洲大部分保险与储蓄产品,仍基于过时假设:65岁退休之后,养老生活仅持续十年。这并不符合当代储蓄者的现实需求:他们希望工作到70岁,还期望85岁时能自主养老。我们需要灵活的保障方案,能随预期寿命的变化而调整,让自主养老真正具备经济可行性。

各国政府也在着手应对这类结构性挑战,从完善公共养老金制度到推出预防性保健项目。

这为行业与政府之间的合作提供了重要契机。

亚洲各地已出现不少行之有效的范例。日本个人储蓄账户(NISA)印证了政府能够有效引导家庭从静态储蓄转向主动投资。中国香港的强积金计划(宏利是该计划最大的供应商)展现了强制缴存制度如何将月薪转化为退休资产。新加坡的公积金终身入息计划展示了如何将养老储蓄转化为终身收入。

我们在健康和养老照护领域看到了同样的公私合作机遇。中国香港的自愿医保计划(宏利是该计划主要供应商之一)展示了政府激励如何与商业保险协同发力。在这一模式下,政府制定规则框架与税收优惠政策,私营机构负责产品开发并承担风险。将这一模式应用到健康领域,可对通过保险计划提供的预防性保健给予税收减免,或设定全国筛查目标,动员保险公司和雇主推进落实。

亚洲人追求长寿,也希望实现自主养老,正围绕这一目标重新规划财富。未来十年,保险公司、雇主与政府的使命是制定能实现这一愿景的解决方案。

成功应对这一挑战的地区,远不止实现财富代际传递,更会为全世界树立范本:如何在人口寿命不断延长的时代,让老年人拥有高品质的晚年生活。(财富中文网)

史蒂夫·芬奇(Steve Finch)是宏利亚洲区(Manulife Asia)总裁兼首席执行官。

Fortune.com上发表的评论文章中表达的观点,仅代表作者本人的观点,不代表《财富》杂志的观点和立场。

译者:中慧言-王芳

Over the next decade, Asian families will transfer an estimated $10 trillion—nearly twice the size of Germany’s GDP—to the next generation. Yet there’s a nuanced story emerging behind that headline figure. As people live longer, they’re rethinking how preserve their own independence while still passing enough wealth to their children.

Asia is the fastest-aging region in the world. Fifteen percent of its population is over the age of 60; that share is projected to rise to 26% by 2050, according to the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. Some of the world’s longest-living populations are also in Asia, led by Hong Kong, where life expectancy is 85.5 years. In mainland China, life expectancy rose from around 52 in 1963 to 78 today.

This transformation isn’t just a demographic story. Greater longevity is reshaping how people think about wealth, care, and responsibility within the family.

For generations, many in Asia assumed that wealth would be passed to children, through the funding of education and home ownership, or leaving an eventual inheritance—with children later caring for their parents in old age. But today’s families are planning things differently. Our data shows that adults in Asia are increasingly prioritizing autonomy, health, and financial security over maximizing the inheritance they leave behind.

The next chapter of Asia’s wealth transfer won’t be defined only by the money parents leave behind. It will also be measured by something potentially more valuable: the freedom to support their own longer, more independent lives—and, in turn, relieve their children of the financial and emotional burdens of caregiving.

Manulife’s Asia Care Survey 2026 of 9,000 adults across nine Asia markets, shows how far this shift towards independence has progressed. Men in Asia anticipate funding 14 years of their own care in later life, and women 15 years, at a time when fewer older people than ever are living with their adult children.

The survey’s respondents overwhelmingly value independence and financial freedom over passing down tangible assets to their family. Regionwide, 83% said securing that freedom was more important than leaving their heirs the maximum amount of wealth.

Respondents plan to earmark an average of 68% of their money and assets to fund their own costs, including health care, as they age, leaving the rest to their children. This ratio varied across markets, with those in Taiwan expecting to spend the most on their own health and care at 78%, and those in the Philippines and Indonesia planning to spend the least, both at 60%.

This shift should be welcomed because it reflects a more sustainable response to longer lives. When people plan to fund their own needs later in life, they are ensuring that they don’t become a source of financial strain for the whole family.

This matters particularly in Asia, where the traditional model of care is under pressure. Families are smaller, adult children are more mobile, and older people are less likely to live under the same roof as the next generation. The United Nations Population Fund warns that changing family structures and migration are weakening informal support systems for older people across Asia-Pacific, even as many formal health and social-care systems remain unable to keep pace with demand.

In that context, independence is not individualism. It is resilience, giving older adults greater control over how they age, families greater flexibility, and governments and employers greater capacity to sustain retirement systems.

Many in Asia need to rethink how they unlock the full potential of their savings. Pension and household assets in Asia are still heavily weighted toward cash and government bonds, while holdings of shares remain low compared with developed economies, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

That conservatism doesn’t give the returns people need if they hope to live off their assets for longer.

Health planning is also essential. Our survey found that many people haven’t taken the necessary steps to be truly independent. Over 80% said preventive care was essential to a long life, yet only 26% actually went to early health screenings.

Insurers, employers, and governments have a role to play in helping people live independently in their later years, whether that’s advancing prevention and more flexible financial solutions or building stronger public-private partnerships.

Let’s start with prevention. Early screenings can catch illnesses sooner, when treatment is more effective and the chances of full recovery are far higher, yet too many people skip them until it’s too late. Insurers can build wellness checks and preventive screenings into the solutions people already hold, as Manulife has begun to do with early cancer detection. Employers can do the same through workplace health plans. Nobody plans a hospital visit for a disease they don’t know they have.

Financial solutions must evolve, too. Much of the insurance and savings landscape in Asia still operates on the outdated assumption that retirement at 65 lasts just a decade. That simply doesn’t fit a modern saver who may want to work until 70 and expects to manage their own care at 85. We need flexible coverage that stretches and adjusts alongside shifting lifespans to make self-reliance truly affordable.

Governments are tackling these same structural challenges, from updating public pension schemes to launching preventive-health programs.

That creates a clear opportunity for our industry to partner with them.

Examples of what works are already scattered across the region. Japan’s tax-free NISA accounts show how governments can successfully encourage households to move from static savings to active investments. In Hong Kong, the Mandatory Provident Fund—for which Manulife is the largest provider—demonstrates how compulsory schemes can help turn monthly wages into retirement assets. Singapore’s CPF LIFE scheme shows how retirement savings can be converted into income that lasts for life.

We see the same opportunity for public-private partnership in health and later-life care. Hong Kong’s Voluntary Health Insurance Scheme, where Manulife is one of the leading providers, already shows how government incentives and private coverage can work together. Under this model, governments set the mandate and tax treatment, and the private sector builds the products and carries the risk. Applied to health, that could mean tax relief for preventive care delivered through insurance plans, or national screening targets that insurers and employers are enlisted to help meet.

People in Asia plan to live long and stay independent, and they are reorganizing their wealth around that goal. The work of the next decade—for insurers, employers and governments alike—is to build the solutions that make this ambition achievable.

The region that manages this successfully will have done something greater than transfer its wealth. It will have shown the world how to live well with a population that lives longer.

Steve Finch is the president and CEO of Manulife Asia.

The opinions expressed in Fortune.com commentary pieces are solely the views of their authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions and beliefs of Fortune.

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