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马斯克旗下诸多公司构成的庞大商业帝国

美联社
2026-06-22

随着时间的推移,这些企业越来越多地归于同一屋檐下。

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世界首富、如今史上首位万亿富翁埃隆·马斯克掌控着众多不同业务。

Electric vehicles. Brain implants. Underground tunnels. A social media platform once called Twitter. And a rocket maker that blasted off its trading from Wall Street this week.电动汽车、脑机植入、地下隧道、曾用名推特的社交媒体平台,还有一家本周从华尔街退市的火箭制造商——SpaceX于上周五上市。

随着时间的推移,这些企业越来越多地归于同一屋檐下。今年早些时候,马斯克将SpaceX与他的人工智能公司xAI合并。但他如今仍在多家公司担任CEO,同时还持有其他各种高管头衔或股权。以下是对马斯克庞大商业帝国的盘点。

马斯克是SpaceX的CEO,该公司成立于2002年。如今公司业务已远不止火箭。它拥有卫星通信服务星链(Starlink),这是公司的一大现金来源,去年创造了44亿美元的营业收入。SpaceX旗下还拥有社交媒体平台X(原推特),马斯克于2022年以440亿美元收购该平台,并将其置于xAI旗下——xAI正是Grok聊天机器人的开发商。

xAI和X都处于亏损状态(xAI去年运营亏损64亿美元)。尽管如此,SpaceX——去年整体运营亏损26亿美元——仍成功营造了足够的市场热度,于上周五以史上最大规模IPO上市,收盘价略低于每股161美元,总市值达2.1万亿美元。

有人认为这一估值严重高估了该公司。SpaceX承诺将成为AI领域的领导者,并终有一天助力人类实现多行星生存——其目标宏大,有时听来如同科幻小说,从将数据中心送入太空到殖民火星。但这些愿景大多依赖于未经证实的技术和巨额的资本需求。

Tesla特斯拉

马斯克同时担任特斯拉CEO,自2008年以来一直执掌这家电动汽车制造商。

特斯拉在电动汽车领域面临日益激烈的竞争。去年,该公司将全球最大电动汽车制造商的桂冠让给了中国的比亚迪。因马斯克政治立场引发的抵制也曾影响销量。此后数据有所回升,但马斯克屡次对困境不以为意——他强调特斯拉的未来更多在于让人们乘坐自动驾驶出租车出行,而非单纯卖车。

除了汽车,特斯拉还在加大家用和商用机器人的产量。同时,特斯拉涉足太阳能业务已有约十年,源于收购SolarCity——该公司由马斯克和他的两位表兄弟共同创立。特斯拉于2010年上市,随后跻身标普500指数万亿俱乐部。目前市值约为1.5万亿美元。

马斯克还担任Neuralink的CEO,这是一家他于2016年联合创立的脑机接口公司。

Neuralink是众多致力于将人类神经系统与机器连接的研究团队之一。该公司已启动针对脊髓损伤、肌萎缩侧索硬化症及其他疾病患者的临床试验。公司(有时马斯克本人)近年来宣布了多例脑机植入案例。今年1月,Neuralink称在全球已有21名试验参与者。

马斯克还创立了The Boring Company,这是一家拥有十年历史的隧道挖掘和地下交通企业。

The Boring Company承建了“拉斯维加斯环线”等项目——这是一个地下特斯拉叫车隧道网络,于2021年首次在拉斯维加斯会议中心周边开通。该公司承诺打造高速交通网络,并计划在迪拜和纳什维尔也建造隧道。不过,沿途阻力和质疑也在累积。该公司被指控在拉斯维加斯违反多项安全和环保要求——其完整路线至今尚未完工——在纳什维尔也受到当地部分官员的批评。

PayPal及其他早期创业

马斯克的第一桶金来自创立两家公司——Zip2和PayPal(曾用名X.com)。这两家当年的初创公司数十年前被出售给新东家——为他带来约2亿美元的收益,马斯克用这笔钱后来创办了SpaceX并投资了特斯拉。(财富中文网)

译者:珠珠

世界首富、如今史上首位万亿富翁埃隆·马斯克掌控着众多不同业务。

Electric vehicles. Brain implants. Underground tunnels. A social media platform once called Twitter. And a rocket maker that blasted off its trading from Wall Street this week.电动汽车、脑机植入、地下隧道、曾用名推特的社交媒体平台,还有一家本周从华尔街退市的火箭制造商——SpaceX于上周五上市。

随着时间的推移,这些企业越来越多地归于同一屋檐下。今年早些时候,马斯克将SpaceX与他的人工智能公司xAI合并。但他如今仍在多家公司担任CEO,同时还持有其他各种高管头衔或股权。以下是对马斯克庞大商业帝国的盘点。

马斯克是SpaceX的CEO,该公司成立于2002年。如今公司业务已远不止火箭。它拥有卫星通信服务星链(Starlink),这是公司的一大现金来源,去年创造了44亿美元的营业收入。SpaceX旗下还拥有社交媒体平台X(原推特),马斯克于2022年以440亿美元收购该平台,并将其置于xAI旗下——xAI正是Grok聊天机器人的开发商。

xAI和X都处于亏损状态(xAI去年运营亏损64亿美元)。尽管如此,SpaceX——去年整体运营亏损26亿美元——仍成功营造了足够的市场热度,于上周五以史上最大规模IPO上市,收盘价略低于每股161美元,总市值达2.1万亿美元。

有人认为这一估值严重高估了该公司。SpaceX承诺将成为AI领域的领导者,并终有一天助力人类实现多行星生存——其目标宏大,有时听来如同科幻小说,从将数据中心送入太空到殖民火星。但这些愿景大多依赖于未经证实的技术和巨额的资本需求。

Tesla特斯拉

马斯克同时担任特斯拉CEO,自2008年以来一直执掌这家电动汽车制造商。

特斯拉在电动汽车领域面临日益激烈的竞争。去年,该公司将全球最大电动汽车制造商的桂冠让给了中国的比亚迪。因马斯克政治立场引发的抵制也曾影响销量。此后数据有所回升,但马斯克屡次对困境不以为意——他强调特斯拉的未来更多在于让人们乘坐自动驾驶出租车出行,而非单纯卖车。

除了汽车,特斯拉还在加大家用和商用机器人的产量。同时,特斯拉涉足太阳能业务已有约十年,源于收购SolarCity——该公司由马斯克和他的两位表兄弟共同创立。特斯拉于2010年上市,随后跻身标普500指数万亿俱乐部。目前市值约为1.5万亿美元。

马斯克还担任Neuralink的CEO,这是一家他于2016年联合创立的脑机接口公司。

Neuralink是众多致力于将人类神经系统与机器连接的研究团队之一。该公司已启动针对脊髓损伤、肌萎缩侧索硬化症及其他疾病患者的临床试验。公司(有时马斯克本人)近年来宣布了多例脑机植入案例。今年1月,Neuralink称在全球已有21名试验参与者。

马斯克还创立了The Boring Company,这是一家拥有十年历史的隧道挖掘和地下交通企业。

The Boring Company承建了“拉斯维加斯环线”等项目——这是一个地下特斯拉叫车隧道网络,于2021年首次在拉斯维加斯会议中心周边开通。该公司承诺打造高速交通网络,并计划在迪拜和纳什维尔也建造隧道。不过,沿途阻力和质疑也在累积。该公司被指控在拉斯维加斯违反多项安全和环保要求——其完整路线至今尚未完工——在纳什维尔也受到当地部分官员的批评。

PayPal及其他早期创业

马斯克的第一桶金来自创立两家公司——Zip2和PayPal(曾用名X.com)。这两家当年的初创公司数十年前被出售给新东家——为他带来约2亿美元的收益,马斯克用这笔钱后来创办了SpaceX并投资了特斯拉。(财富中文网)

译者:珠珠

Elon Musk, the world’s richest man and now first-ever trillionaire, controls a lot of different businesses.

Over time, more and more of these ventures have found themselves under the same roof. Musk merged SpaceX — which went public on Friday — with his artificial intelligence company xAI just earlier this year. But he still holds the CEO role at several corporations today, in addition to other various executive titles or ownership stakes.

Here’s a look at Musk’s vast business empire.

SpaceX

SpaceX

Musk is CEO of SpaceX, which he founded in 2002. The company has grown far beyond rockets. It owns satellite communications service Starlink, a big source of cash for the company that generated $4.4 billion in operating income last year. SpaceX also houses social media platform X, formerly known as Twitter, which Musk bought for $44 billion in 2022 and parked it under xAI, the maker of the Grok chatbot.

Both xAI and X are money losers (the AI business lost $6.4 billion in operations last year). Nonetheless, SpaceX — which lost $2.6 billion overall from operations last year — was able to whip up enough market hype to debut with the biggest initial public offering in history on Friday, closing at just below $161 per share, or a total market value of $2.1 trillion.

Some think that price tag significantly overvalues the company. SpaceX has promised it will become a leader in AI and one day help make human life multiplanetary — with lofty, and at times sci-fi sounding, goals that range from putting data centers in space to colonizing Mars. But the bulk of that hinges on unproven technology and massive capital needs.

Musk is also CEO of Tesla, a role he has held at the electric car maker since 2008.

Tesla has struggled with rising competition in the EV space. Last year, the company lost its crown as the world’s largest EV maker to China’s BYD. Sales were also bruised during boycotts over Musk’s politics. Those numbers have since rebounded some, but Musk has repeatedly shrugged off troubles — emphasizing that Tesla’s future lies less in car sales than getting people to take rides in them as self-driving taxis.

Beyond the road, Tesla has been upping production of robots for homes and businesses. And it’s also been in the solar energy business for about a decade with it purchase of SolarCity, which was founded by Musk and two of his cousins. Tesla went public in 2010, and went on to join the trillion dollar club on the S&P 500. Its market cap currently stands around $1.5 trillion.

Neuralink

Neuralink

Musk has also the CEO title at Neuralink, a brain-computer interface company he co-founded in 2016.

Neuralink is one of many groups working to connect the human nervous system to machines. It’s launched clinical trials for people who have spinal cord injuries, ALS and other conditions. The company (and sometimes Musk himself ) has announced a handful of brain implants over recent years. In January, Neuralink said it had 21 trial participants worldwide.

The Boring Company

The Boring Company

Musk also founded The Boring Company, a decade-old tunnel digging and underground transportation business.

The Boring Company is behind projects like the “Vegas Loop” — a network of underground, Tesla-hailing tunnels that first opened around around the Las Vegas Convention Center in 2021. It’s promised to deliver a network of high speed transit — with plans to also make tunnels in Dubai and Nashville. Still, pushback has piled up along the way. The company has been accused of breaking multiple safety and environmental requirements in Las Vegas, where its full route is still unfinished, and other criticism from some local officials in Nashville.

Paypal and other previous endeavors

Musk made his initial fortune by creating two companies, Zip2 and PayPal ( once X.com ). Those then-startups were sold to new owners decades ago — but netted him about $200 million at sale, which Musk used to later start SpaceX and invest in Tesla.

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