
泰德·特纳于上周三逝世,享年87岁。他这一生,凡事都追求极致,从不半途而废。2006年10月,我有幸在曼哈顿中城他的泰德蒙大拿烧烤店开业当晚,与他共度了一个难忘的夜晚。我作为《财富》杂志同事兼好友帕蒂·塞勒斯(Pattie Sellers)的“同伴”受邀出席,帕蒂曾为杂志撰写过特纳的人物专访,因此获得邀约。(帕蒂是一位具有开创精神的记者,她创立了《财富》“最具影响力商界女性”榜单以及享誉业界的同名年度峰会,致力于彰显女性成就。)这家餐厅恰好位于时代生活大厦一层,从我们16楼的办公室搭乘电梯便可到达。帕蒂和我从装饰艺术风格的大堂步入18世纪沙龙风格的梦幻空间,这里供应着从炖牛肉、牛肋排到牛排配薯条等各式各样的野牛菜肴。特纳拥有全球规模最大的野牛群之一,他极力推崇这种长毛巨兽提供的食材,称其比牛肉更健康、更美味,同时还骄傲地将这家开在摩天大楼之间的烧烤店,称为“大天空式可持续发展”的绿洲——店内绝不使用塑料吸管。
我们到场时,餐厅里除了特纳,再无其他宾客。他曾为我供职的时代华纳媒体帝国的建立立下汗马功劳(《财富》杂志隶属于其最大业务部门之一——杂志出版商时代公司),而我一直对他五年前那场突兀又难堪的离场心存好奇。简要回顾一下事件的主要脉络:1996年,特纳将旗下拥有美国有线电视新闻网(CNN)、特纳广播公司(TBS)、特纳电视网(TNT)和卡通频道(Cartoon Network)的特纳广播公司(Turner Broadcasting)出售给时代华纳,获得了价值约75亿美元的时代华纳股票。但在2001年,时代华纳与美国在线合并后,时任首席执行官杰里·莱文(Jerry Levin)剥夺了他所有的管理权限,实际上相当于将他逐出公司。让我感到困惑的是:特纳将自己创立的公司出售给时代华纳时,获得了该公司约11%的股份。但为了获得巨额回报,这位不安分的创业者不得不接受对其权力的严格限制,至少在一段时间内是这样:协议中包含所谓的“中止协议”,禁止特纳对公司采取任何敌对行动,还禁止他增持股份,并且近乎要求这位直言不讳、特立独行的商界大佬在所有重大事务上支持莱文的管理团队。这副枷锁套得如此之紧,以至于特纳甚至默许了美国在线与时代华纳的合并。
在收购美国在线之前,特纳担任副董事长,负责监管他原先创立的那些电视网。但泰德·特纳根本不可能安于任何副手角色,这使他成了莱文的心腹大患。数年后,特纳或可通过辞去董事职务来摆脱“中止协议”的束缚,进而施压要求罢免莱文并接任首席执行官。毕竟,一旦摆脱束缚,作为时代华纳持股超过10%的第一大股东,他将拥有巨大的权力。
然而,由莱文一手策划的美国在线并购案,实际上削弱了特纳的权力。并购增发巨量新股,使他在合并后企业中的持股比例下降了一半以上,降至约4%。
除了帕蒂和我,开业当晚的最初一小时里,到场的只有特纳的演员朋友蒂莫西·赫顿(Timothy Hutton)。二人寒暄过后,我终于有机会向泰德提出了那个我一直怀疑的问题:那场马基雅维利式的权谋算计,是否就是他遭到排挤的导火索:"你认为杰里·莱文策划美国在线并购案,至少有一部分原因是为了稀释你的股份,确保你无法凭借大股东身份取代他成为首席执行官吗?”
泰德·特纳拉长语调说道:“我不敢说这是他的主要动机,但我确信他心里是这么盘算的。”
特纳显然认为,莱文以为自己能够一箭双雕:一方面从美国在线为时代华纳股份换取高额溢价,在打造这家互联网与传统媒体结合的巨头过程中进一步推高股价;另一方面,一招制敌,将自己最大的竞争对手边缘化。
但事实证明,新成立的美国在线-时代华纳的股票几乎在合并消息宣布的那一刻便开始暴跌。特纳对自己遭解雇以及合并失败怒不可遏,在股价暴跌近80%后,他于2003年抛售了几乎所有时代华纳股票。他最终套现约30亿美元,而在1999年与美国在线合并前,他的这些股份价值约110亿美元。
当晚在纽约泰德蒙大拿烧烤店的开业仪式上,特纳还主动说了另一句话:“我赔的钱比资本主义史上任何人都多!”他这样对我说。泰德·特纳希望全世界都知道,他始终志存高远——无论是扬帆出海征战美洲杯帆船赛,创办全球首个24小时新闻频道美国有线电视新闻网重塑新闻行业,还是意欲执掌时代华纳这一全球顶级传媒巨头。这位极具魄力的操盘手毫不避讳地宣称,自己平生极少折戟,可但凡落败,其惨重代价无人能及,这恰恰是他令人折服的魅力所在。(财富中文网)
译者:中慧言-王芳
泰德·特纳于上周三逝世,享年87岁。他这一生,凡事都追求极致,从不半途而废。2006年10月,我有幸在曼哈顿中城他的泰德蒙大拿烧烤店开业当晚,与他共度了一个难忘的夜晚。我作为《财富》杂志同事兼好友帕蒂·塞勒斯(Pattie Sellers)的“同伴”受邀出席,帕蒂曾为杂志撰写过特纳的人物专访,因此获得邀约。(帕蒂是一位具有开创精神的记者,她创立了《财富》“最具影响力商界女性”榜单以及享誉业界的同名年度峰会,致力于彰显女性成就。)这家餐厅恰好位于时代生活大厦一层,从我们16楼的办公室搭乘电梯便可到达。帕蒂和我从装饰艺术风格的大堂步入18世纪沙龙风格的梦幻空间,这里供应着从炖牛肉、牛肋排到牛排配薯条等各式各样的野牛菜肴。特纳拥有全球规模最大的野牛群之一,他极力推崇这种长毛巨兽提供的食材,称其比牛肉更健康、更美味,同时还骄傲地将这家开在摩天大楼之间的烧烤店,称为“大天空式可持续发展”的绿洲——店内绝不使用塑料吸管。
我们到场时,餐厅里除了特纳,再无其他宾客。他曾为我供职的时代华纳媒体帝国的建立立下汗马功劳(《财富》杂志隶属于其最大业务部门之一——杂志出版商时代公司),而我一直对他五年前那场突兀又难堪的离场心存好奇。简要回顾一下事件的主要脉络:1996年,特纳将旗下拥有美国有线电视新闻网(CNN)、特纳广播公司(TBS)、特纳电视网(TNT)和卡通频道(Cartoon Network)的特纳广播公司(Turner Broadcasting)出售给时代华纳,获得了价值约75亿美元的时代华纳股票。但在2001年,时代华纳与美国在线合并后,时任首席执行官杰里·莱文(Jerry Levin)剥夺了他所有的管理权限,实际上相当于将他逐出公司。让我感到困惑的是:特纳将自己创立的公司出售给时代华纳时,获得了该公司约11%的股份。但为了获得巨额回报,这位不安分的创业者不得不接受对其权力的严格限制,至少在一段时间内是这样:协议中包含所谓的“中止协议”,禁止特纳对公司采取任何敌对行动,还禁止他增持股份,并且近乎要求这位直言不讳、特立独行的商界大佬在所有重大事务上支持莱文的管理团队。这副枷锁套得如此之紧,以至于特纳甚至默许了美国在线与时代华纳的合并。
在收购美国在线之前,特纳担任副董事长,负责监管他原先创立的那些电视网。但泰德·特纳根本不可能安于任何副手角色,这使他成了莱文的心腹大患。数年后,特纳或可通过辞去董事职务来摆脱“中止协议”的束缚,进而施压要求罢免莱文并接任首席执行官。毕竟,一旦摆脱束缚,作为时代华纳持股超过10%的第一大股东,他将拥有巨大的权力。
然而,由莱文一手策划的美国在线并购案,实际上削弱了特纳的权力。并购增发巨量新股,使他在合并后企业中的持股比例下降了一半以上,降至约4%。
除了帕蒂和我,开业当晚的最初一小时里,到场的只有特纳的演员朋友蒂莫西·赫顿(Timothy Hutton)。二人寒暄过后,我终于有机会向泰德提出了那个我一直怀疑的问题:那场马基雅维利式的权谋算计,是否就是他遭到排挤的导火索:"你认为杰里·莱文策划美国在线并购案,至少有一部分原因是为了稀释你的股份,确保你无法凭借大股东身份取代他成为首席执行官吗?”
泰德·特纳拉长语调说道:“我不敢说这是他的主要动机,但我确信他心里是这么盘算的。”
特纳显然认为,莱文以为自己能够一箭双雕:一方面从美国在线为时代华纳股份换取高额溢价,在打造这家互联网与传统媒体结合的巨头过程中进一步推高股价;另一方面,一招制敌,将自己最大的竞争对手边缘化。
但事实证明,新成立的美国在线-时代华纳的股票几乎在合并消息宣布的那一刻便开始暴跌。特纳对自己遭解雇以及合并失败怒不可遏,在股价暴跌近80%后,他于2003年抛售了几乎所有时代华纳股票。他最终套现约30亿美元,而在1999年与美国在线合并前,他的这些股份价值约110亿美元。
当晚在纽约泰德蒙大拿烧烤店的开业仪式上,特纳还主动说了另一句话:“我赔的钱比资本主义史上任何人都多!”他这样对我说。泰德·特纳希望全世界都知道,他始终志存高远——无论是扬帆出海征战美洲杯帆船赛,创办全球首个24小时新闻频道美国有线电视新闻网重塑新闻行业,还是意欲执掌时代华纳这一全球顶级传媒巨头。这位极具魄力的操盘手毫不避讳地宣称,自己平生极少折戟,可但凡落败,其惨重代价无人能及,这恰恰是他令人折服的魅力所在。(财富中文网)
译者:中慧言-王芳
Ted Turner, who died this Wednesday at 87, didn’t do anything halfway. In October of 2006, I got to spend a memorable evening alongside Ted Turner at the opening of his Ted’s Montana Grill Restaurant in midtown Manhattan. I was invited as a “plus-one” by close friend and fellow Fortune writer Pattie Sellers, who’d profiled Turner for the magazine, and hence scored an invite. (Pattie was the pioneering journalist in highlighting women’s achievements as founder of the Fortune “Most Powerful Women in Business” list and our renowned annual conference by that name.) The eatery happened to be situated an elevator ride from our 16th floor offices, on the ground floor of the Time & Life Building. Pattie and I walked from the art-deco style lobby into an 18th-century saloon-style fantasia featuring all manner of bison recipes from pot roast to short ribs to steak frites. Turner owned one of the world’s largest bison herds and championed the fare these bearded beasts provided as a healthier and tastier alternative to beef, while boasting his Grills offered an oasis of “Big Sky sustainability”—plastic straws, no way—amid the canyon of skyscrapers.
When we arrived, Turner was the only other person in the restaurant. He’d played a huge role in building the Time Warner media empire I worked for (Fortune belonged to one of its largest divisions, magazine-maker Time, Inc.), and I’d always wondered about the circumstances regarding his sudden, acrimonious departure five years earlier. To recap the main outline: Turner had sold Turner Broadcasting, owner of CNN, TBS, TNT and the Cartoon Network, to Time Warner in 1996, pocketing around $7.5 billion in the acquirer’s stock. But in 2001, following Time Warner’s sale to AOL, CEO Jerry Levin effectively fired Turner by stripping him of all management authority. Here’s what puzzled me: When Turner sold his creation to Time Warner, he amassed around 11% of its shares. But to get the big payout, this restless entrepreneur reluctantly accepted severe limitations on his power, at least for awhile: The terms imposed a so-called “standstill agreement” that prevented Turner from taking any hostile action versus the company, banned him from purchasing more stock, and essentially required the voluble maverick to back the Levin regime in all big things. The straight-jacket was so tight that Turner even tacitly endorsed the AOL tie-up.
Prior to the AOL purchase, Turner served as Vice Chairman and oversaw his former networks. But Ted Turner didn’t want to be a “Vice” anything. So he posed a big threat to Levin. After a few years, Turner could probably escape his standstill by quitting the board, and press to axe Levin and ascend to CEO. After all, once liberated, he’d wield immense power as by far the Time Warner’s largest shareholder at over 10%.
The Levin-orchestrated AOL transaction, however, effectively neutered Turner. It launched a blizzard of new shares that lowered his ownership in the combined enterprise by over half, to roughly 4%.
Besides Pattie and myself, the only other person to show in the first hour or so was Ted’s actor friend Timothy Hutton. After they chatted briefly, I got a chance to ask Ted about whether the machiavellian maneuvering I suspected actually triggered his ouster: “Do you think that Jerry Levin did the AOL deal, at least in part, to dilute you and ensure you couldn’t marshal your huge shareholder position to replace him as CEO?”
Drawled Ted Turner, “I don’t know if it was the main reason, but I do know that was on his mind.”
Turner apparently believed that Levin thought he was scoring double coup: Getting a huge premium from AOL for Time Warner shares en route to creating a combined dot-com-old media juggernaut that would drive the price higher from there—and in a single stroke, also sideline his chief rival.
As it turned out, shares of the new AOL Time Warner started tanking virtually on announcement of the merger. Turner was so incensed over getting canned and the way the combo was unraveling that he dumped nearly all of his Time Warner stock in 2003, after the shares had cratered almost 80%. He collected approximately $3 billion for a stake that in 1999, pre-AOL, was worth around $11 billion.
Turner volunteered another declaration at Montana Grill’s New York debut that evening: “I lost more money than anyone in the history of capitalism!” he told me. Ted Turner wanted the world to know that he always was Thinking Big, whether it was pursuing the America’s Cup on the seas, transforming journalism via birthing the first 24-hour news platform at CNN, or in all likelihood, aiming to helm the world’s largest media conglomerate at Time Warner. It was part of his outrageous charm that this great promoter had no qualms in broadcasting that the rare time he lost, no one lost bigger.