
美国劳工统计局上周五发布报告称,4月美国新增11.5万个就业岗位,超出经济学家预期,实现连续第二个月增长。失业率维持在4.3%。
2025年美国月均新增就业岗位仅1万个,就业市场表现疲软,2026年月均新增就业岗位已达7.6万个。就业形势明显回暖,经济学家提出疑问:持续两年的“招聘衰退”是否终于结束。
对于劳动力市场的大部分领域来说,答案似乎是肯定的。医疗保健行业新增3.7万个岗位,运输和仓储业新增3万个,社会救助行业就业人数也呈上升趋势。过去两年间,美国基本上只有公共部门和医疗保健行业在持续吸纳就业,直到“政府效率部”(DOGE)大幅削减联邦政府雇员,只剩下医疗保健行业独自支撑就业增长。
如今,就业增长正呈现全面扩散的态势。五三银行(Fifth Third Commercial Bank)首席美国经济学家比尔·亚当斯(Bill Adams)在一份报告中写道,就业市场正“从低招聘、低解雇模式缓慢转向适度招聘、低解雇模式”。
但有一个经济领域被排除在外:办公室白领岗位。
美国劳工统计局将科技、电信、数据处理和媒体行业归入“信息行业”,该行业4月再减少1.3万个岗位,金融业减少1.1万个。今年以来,信息行业月均减少约9000个岗位,金融行业月均减少1.2万个。
嘉信理财(Charles Schwab)高级投资策略师凯文·戈登(Kevin Gordon)上周五在X平台上指出,信息行业就业人数已降至2021年3月以来的最低水平,抹去了该行业过去四年的就业增长,且已连续16个月出现就业岗位净流失。这是现代劳动力数据记录中,任何主要行业在和平时期经历的最长衰退期之一。
若深入分析各细分行业的困境,情况便一目了然。电信业裁员3000人,电影和录音行业裁员6000人,而涵盖云计算和数据基础设施提供商的类别再裁4000人。
最后这个行业本应是人工智能浪潮中正蓬勃发展的领域。仅今年一年,谷歌、亚马逊、微软和Meta四家公司就已承诺投入约7250亿美元用于人工智能基础设施建设,但运营这些数据中心的员工仍被裁员。
就业岗位的流失,是否真的源于人工智能替代人力?经济学家对将白领岗位流失直接归咎于人工智能持谨慎态度。那些以人工智能为由宣布裁员的公司,可能只是借技术之名,为疫情期间过度招聘后的成本削减找借口。但正如戈登所指出的,值得注意的是,尽管科技股屡创新高,但科技行业就业人数占总就业人数的比例仍处于历史低位。
工资也在承压。4月的就业报告显示,平均时薪同比增长3.6%,受伊朗战事和油价突破每加仑4.55美元影响,本周公布消费者价格指数后,预计4月通胀率约为4%。
RSM首席经济学家约瑟夫·布鲁苏埃拉斯(Joseph Brusuelas)预测,随着中东战争引发的供应冲击传导至经济各领域,4月份实际平均时薪可能持平甚至出现负增长,而5月份数据公布后“肯定会出现负增长”。
正如海军联邦信贷联盟(Navy Federal Credit Union)首席经济学家希瑟·朗(Heather Long)在X平台上所言:“劳动者虽有工作,但日子过得紧巴巴。”(财富中文网)
译者:中慧言-王芳
美国劳工统计局上周五发布报告称,4月美国新增11.5万个就业岗位,超出经济学家预期,实现连续第二个月增长。失业率维持在4.3%。
2025年美国月均新增就业岗位仅1万个,就业市场表现疲软,2026年月均新增就业岗位已达7.6万个。就业形势明显回暖,经济学家提出疑问:持续两年的“招聘衰退”是否终于结束。
对于劳动力市场的大部分领域来说,答案似乎是肯定的。医疗保健行业新增3.7万个岗位,运输和仓储业新增3万个,社会救助行业就业人数也呈上升趋势。过去两年间,美国基本上只有公共部门和医疗保健行业在持续吸纳就业,直到“政府效率部”(DOGE)大幅削减联邦政府雇员,只剩下医疗保健行业独自支撑就业增长。
如今,就业增长正呈现全面扩散的态势。五三银行(Fifth Third Commercial Bank)首席美国经济学家比尔·亚当斯(Bill Adams)在一份报告中写道,就业市场正“从低招聘、低解雇模式缓慢转向适度招聘、低解雇模式”。
但有一个经济领域被排除在外:办公室白领岗位。
美国劳工统计局将科技、电信、数据处理和媒体行业归入“信息行业”,该行业4月再减少1.3万个岗位,金融业减少1.1万个。今年以来,信息行业月均减少约9000个岗位,金融行业月均减少1.2万个。
嘉信理财(Charles Schwab)高级投资策略师凯文·戈登(Kevin Gordon)上周五在X平台上指出,信息行业就业人数已降至2021年3月以来的最低水平,抹去了该行业过去四年的就业增长,且已连续16个月出现就业岗位净流失。这是现代劳动力数据记录中,任何主要行业在和平时期经历的最长衰退期之一。
若深入分析各细分行业的困境,情况便一目了然。电信业裁员3000人,电影和录音行业裁员6000人,而涵盖云计算和数据基础设施提供商的类别再裁4000人。
最后这个行业本应是人工智能浪潮中正蓬勃发展的领域。仅今年一年,谷歌、亚马逊、微软和Meta四家公司就已承诺投入约7250亿美元用于人工智能基础设施建设,但运营这些数据中心的员工仍被裁员。
就业岗位的流失,是否真的源于人工智能替代人力?经济学家对将白领岗位流失直接归咎于人工智能持谨慎态度。那些以人工智能为由宣布裁员的公司,可能只是借技术之名,为疫情期间过度招聘后的成本削减找借口。但正如戈登所指出的,值得注意的是,尽管科技股屡创新高,但科技行业就业人数占总就业人数的比例仍处于历史低位。
工资也在承压。4月的就业报告显示,平均时薪同比增长3.6%,受伊朗战事和油价突破每加仑4.55美元影响,本周公布消费者价格指数后,预计4月通胀率约为4%。
RSM首席经济学家约瑟夫·布鲁苏埃拉斯(Joseph Brusuelas)预测,随着中东战争引发的供应冲击传导至经济各领域,4月份实际平均时薪可能持平甚至出现负增长,而5月份数据公布后“肯定会出现负增长”。
正如海军联邦信贷联盟(Navy Federal Credit Union)首席经济学家希瑟·朗(Heather Long)在X平台上所言:“劳动者虽有工作,但日子过得紧巴巴。”(财富中文网)
译者:中慧言-王芳
The U.S. labor market added 115,000 jobs in April, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported Friday, beating economist expectations and marking the second straight month of gains. The unemployment rate held at 4.3%.
After a 2025 where monthly job growth averaged an anemic 10,000, the 2026 average is now 76,000—enough of an improvement that economists are starting to ask whether the “hiring recession” of the past two years is finally ending.
For much of the labor market, the answer looks like yes. Health care added 37,000 jobs, transportation and warehousing added 30,000, and social assistance trended up. For two years, essentially the only jobs that were hiring were in the public sector and healthcare, until DOGE gutted the federal workforce and left healthcare to do it alone.
Now labor market gains are broadening. Bill Adams, chief U.S. economist at Fifth Third Commercial Bank, wrote in a note that the job market is “inching out of low hire, low fire mode into moderate hire, low fire mode.”
But there is one corner of the economy excluded from that: the office.
The “information sector”—where the BLS counts tech, telecom, data processing, and media jobs—lost another 13,000 jobs in April, while finance shed 11,000. The monthly average this year has been about 9,000 jobs lost in information, and 12,000 in financial activities.
Kevin Gordon, senior investment strategist at Charles Schwab, flagged on X Friday that information payrolls have now fallen to their lowest level since March 2021—wiping out four years of sector gains—and have logged 16 consecutive months of net job loss. That is one of the longest peacetime declines in any major sector in modern labor data.
A closer look into the particular sectors’ suffering is revealing. Telecom shed 3,000 jobs, motion picture and sound recording lost 6,000 jobs, and the category that covers cloud and data infrastructure providers lost another 4,000.
That last sector is supposed to be the part of the economy artificial intelligence is building up. Google, Amazon, Microsoft, and Meta have collectively committed roughly $725 billion to AI infrastructure this year alone, yet the workers who run those data centers are still getting cut out of payrolls.
Could this be because AI is replacing those jobs? Economists remain cautious about drawing a straight line from AI to the white-collar declines. Companies announcing AI-attributed layoffs may be using the technology as cover for to cut costs after over-hiring during the pandemic. But as Gordon noted, it is remarkable that even as tech stocks reach record highs, tech jobs relative to all jobs remain at record lows.
Wages are also getting squeezed. The April jobs report shows average hourly earnings rose 3.6% over the year, while inflation is expected to come in around 4% for April once the Consumer Price Index lands next week, pushed higher by the war in Iran and gas prices that have crossed $4.55 a gallon.
Joseph Brusuelas, chief economist at RSM, predicted that real average hourly earnings will likely register flat to negative for April and “definitely negative” once May’s data arrives, as the supply shock from the Middle East war works its way fully through the economy.
As Heather Long, chief economist at Navy Federal Credit Union, put it on X: “Workers have jobs, but this is a squeeze.”