
尽管人们担忧数据中心会推高居民用电成本,但别指望很快就能在你家附近看到新数据中心落成。
能源分析公司伍德麦肯兹(Wood Mackenzie)最新发布的报告显示,美国数据中心建设步伐正在放缓。2025年第四季度,开发商仅在项目规划中新增25吉瓦发电装机容量,仅为上一季度的一半。
这一放缓迹象表明,市场此前对支撑人工智能技术发展的数据中心将持续高速扩张的预期,或无法兑现。尽管天然气与电力企业正在着力解决新建发电厂或电网扩建的经济问题,但数据中心的扩张步伐仍然受制于当前可用电力的限制。
伍德麦肯兹的分析师本·赫兹-沙格尔对《财富》杂志表示:“公用事业企业根本没有足够的电网容量和发电装机容量,无法快速扩建以满足这些新的大型能源需求中心的用电需求。”他解释称,美国长期以来没有快速扩大发电装机容量的现实需求,导致相关建设进度难以跟上科技企业的扩张步伐。
这一现状,正在改变企业规划数据中心的方式。
赫兹-沙格尔称:“行业发展轨迹已经出现拐点。我们如今发现,企业意识到必须专注于现有项目,而非无休止地新增项目。”截至2025年年底,美国拟建数据中心的总用电需求达到241吉瓦,较年初增长159%。但他指出,这些拟建数据中心项目中,仅有三分之一处于积极开发阶段,其余大部分项目都无法建成。
供电瓶颈或冲击行业投资
赫兹-沙格尔说,另一项关键风险在于,数据中心的营收潜力尚不明确,能否支撑企业的扩张逻辑依然有待验证。
Alphabet、亚马逊(Amazon)、Meta、微软(Microsoft)、甲骨文(Oracle)这五家超大规模企业,正在竞相开发人工智能产品,并建设与之配套的数据中心基础设施。穆迪(Moody's)上月发布的分析报告显示,这五家企业已经承诺投入9690亿美元,其中超过三分之二(6620亿美元)计划用于尚未启动的数据中心相关租赁项目。尽管大部分建设资金来自企业的经营现金流,但企业已经开始发行债券,以填补资本支出与自由现金流之间的资金缺口。
尽管Meta和谷歌等科技巨头承诺在2026年将资本支出(capex)翻一番,但赫兹-沙格尔及其团队发现,自2023年以来,大型数据中心开发商的资本支出增速首次放缓,仅为去年的58%。他指出,增速放缓的部分原因在于,谷歌和Meta选择通过电网为数据中心供电,而非依赖独立电厂。
一个值得关注的例外是云基础设施巨头甲骨文,该公司通过举债为“星际之门计划”数据中心园区提供资金,这些园区采用电表后端天然气发电模式(即利用现场供应的天然气发电)。如此一来,该公司可以在不依赖电网接入的情况下让新数据中心投入运营,同时还能避免推高周边社区的能源价格。
赫兹-沙格尔说:“目前行业正在大力推动数据中心企业自行承担供电成本。例如,这些企业可以为新建电厂提供融资,这也是解决供电难题的途径之一。但从全美范围来看,其规模仍然不足以推动公用事业企业加快建设进度。”(财富中文网)
译者:中慧言-王芳
尽管人们担忧数据中心会推高居民用电成本,但别指望很快就能在你家附近看到新数据中心落成。
能源分析公司伍德麦肯兹(Wood Mackenzie)最新发布的报告显示,美国数据中心建设步伐正在放缓。2025年第四季度,开发商仅在项目规划中新增25吉瓦发电装机容量,仅为上一季度的一半。
这一放缓迹象表明,市场此前对支撑人工智能技术发展的数据中心将持续高速扩张的预期,或无法兑现。尽管天然气与电力企业正在着力解决新建发电厂或电网扩建的经济问题,但数据中心的扩张步伐仍然受制于当前可用电力的限制。
伍德麦肯兹的分析师本·赫兹-沙格尔对《财富》杂志表示:“公用事业企业根本没有足够的电网容量和发电装机容量,无法快速扩建以满足这些新的大型能源需求中心的用电需求。”他解释称,美国长期以来没有快速扩大发电装机容量的现实需求,导致相关建设进度难以跟上科技企业的扩张步伐。
这一现状,正在改变企业规划数据中心的方式。
赫兹-沙格尔称:“行业发展轨迹已经出现拐点。我们如今发现,企业意识到必须专注于现有项目,而非无休止地新增项目。”截至2025年年底,美国拟建数据中心的总用电需求达到241吉瓦,较年初增长159%。但他指出,这些拟建数据中心项目中,仅有三分之一处于积极开发阶段,其余大部分项目都无法建成。
供电瓶颈或冲击行业投资
赫兹-沙格尔说,另一项关键风险在于,数据中心的营收潜力尚不明确,能否支撑企业的扩张逻辑依然有待验证。
Alphabet、亚马逊(Amazon)、Meta、微软(Microsoft)、甲骨文(Oracle)这五家超大规模企业,正在竞相开发人工智能产品,并建设与之配套的数据中心基础设施。穆迪(Moody's)上月发布的分析报告显示,这五家企业已经承诺投入9690亿美元,其中超过三分之二(6620亿美元)计划用于尚未启动的数据中心相关租赁项目。尽管大部分建设资金来自企业的经营现金流,但企业已经开始发行债券,以填补资本支出与自由现金流之间的资金缺口。
尽管Meta和谷歌等科技巨头承诺在2026年将资本支出(capex)翻一番,但赫兹-沙格尔及其团队发现,自2023年以来,大型数据中心开发商的资本支出增速首次放缓,仅为去年的58%。他指出,增速放缓的部分原因在于,谷歌和Meta选择通过电网为数据中心供电,而非依赖独立电厂。
一个值得关注的例外是云基础设施巨头甲骨文,该公司通过举债为“星际之门计划”数据中心园区提供资金,这些园区采用电表后端天然气发电模式(即利用现场供应的天然气发电)。如此一来,该公司可以在不依赖电网接入的情况下让新数据中心投入运营,同时还能避免推高周边社区的能源价格。
赫兹-沙格尔说:“目前行业正在大力推动数据中心企业自行承担供电成本。例如,这些企业可以为新建电厂提供融资,这也是解决供电难题的途径之一。但从全美范围来看,其规模仍然不足以推动公用事业企业加快建设进度。”(财富中文网)
译者:中慧言-王芳
Despite concerns over how data centers may hurt your wallet, don’t expect a new data center to open near you anytime soon.
Data center development is slowing down, according to a new report from energy analytics firm Wood Mackenzie. In Q4 2025, developers only added 25 gigawatts of electricity capacity to their project pipeline, half of what was added the previous quarter.
The slowdown is a sign that endless data center growth projections to power AI technology may not materialize. As gas and power companies grapple with the economics of building new power plants or expanding their grids, growth remains limited to how much power is currently available.
“Utilities just don’t necessarily have either the grid capacity or the generating capacity to be able to build it fast enough to accommodate these new large energy demand centers,” Wood Mackenzie analyst Ben Hertz-Shargel told Fortune. The U.S. has not needed to rapidly expand electricity generation in a long time, which makes it difficult to match the pace of tech companies’ ambition, he explained.
This is shifting how companies approach their plans for data centers.
“It’s a bend in the trajectory that we’re now seeing companies realizing that they need to focus on projects at hand, rather than just endlessly adding new ones,” Hertz-Shargel said. At the end of 2025, data centers requiring 241 gigawatts of electricity were in the pipeline, an increase of 159% from the beginning of the year. Still, only a third of projects in the data center pipeline are under active development, and many of the rest will never get built, he said.
Bottleneck could affect investments
Another key risk is the revenue potential of data centers and whether it will justify companies’ push to expand, Hertz-Shargel said.
Alphabet, Amazon, Meta, Microsoft, and Oracle—the five major hyperscalers—are in a race to build out their AI products and create the data center infrastructure to support them. Together, the companies have committed $969 billion, with more than two-thirds ($662 billion) planned for data center-related leases yet to start, according to a Moody’s analysis published last month. Operating cash flows are paying for much of the buildout, but companies have started issuing bonds to cover the shortfall between capital expenditures and free cash flow.
Despite promises from Big Tech companies like Meta and Google to double their capital expenditures (capex) in 2026, Hertz-Shargel and his team found that capex growth from the largest data center developers will decelerate for the first time since 2023 and only match 58% of last year’s growth. This deceleration is partly driven by Google and Meta choosing to power their centers through the grid rather than independent power plants, he said.
One notable exception is cloud infrastructure giant Oracle, which has taken on debt to fund its Stargate data center campuses, powered by behind-the-meter natural gas, or on-site, natural gas. This way, the company can get new data centers online without relying on grid connection and avoid driving up energy prices for surrounding communities.
“There’s been a big push for the data center companies that pay their own way,” Hertz-Shargel said. “They’re helping to finance new power plants, for instance, so that can be one of the ways that gets resolved. But we’re just not seeing it across the US at a scale that would allow utilities to move quickly.”