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美国人口危机之下,这3只股票将受益

美国人口危机之下,这3只股票将受益

WILL DANIEL 2024-04-01
埃隆·马斯克(Elon Musk)认为我们的儿童数量不足。

图片来源:MAJA HITIJ—GETTY IMAGES

随着发达国家的儿童数量越来越少,许多商界大佬都在思考人口危机问题。去年夏天,特斯拉(Tesla)和SpaceX的首席执行官埃隆·马斯克在X.com上的一篇文章中称,出生率下降是“迄今为止人类文明面临的最大威胁”,并称这一趋势正在造成“人口不足危机”,将产生深远影响。就在上周,贝莱德集团(BlackRock)首席执行官拉里·芬克(Larry Fink)在致股东的年度信中警告称,随着全球许多国家人口老龄化,以及员工持续提前退休,一场“退休危机”正在酝酿,可能会给社会保障网络带来压力。

在他们看来,美国人口老龄化加速。1970年,美国65岁以上的人口不到总人口的10%。今年,这一比例约为18%,这意味着达到退休年龄的美国人占比创历史新高。此外,华尔街顶级投资银行之一表示,这种情况只会变得更加糟糕。

在一份题为《美国的长寿问题:趋势和投资机会》的新报告中,摩根士丹利(Morgan Stanley)的经济学家和分析师团队表示,到2060年,美国65岁以上人口所占比例将达到24%。

这并不是什么好消息,因为根据国际货币基金组织(IMF)在2017年疫情爆发前的研究,人口老龄化往往会拖累经济增长,降低工人生产率,并加重政府预算负担。国际清算银行(Bank of International Settlements)的经济学家甚至在更早的2015年就预见到了人口老龄化的负面影响——他们提出了一种先进而非正统的理论,阐述了人口老龄化将如何影响通胀(使通胀达到自上世纪70年代以来的最高水平,正如2022年发生的情况)。

但正如摩根士丹利所发现的那样,任何事情都有机遇,即使是世界各国步入老龄化阶段。该行分析师指出,随着美国人口老龄化,65岁以上美国人的消费决策将变得越来越重要。近年来,这些人的平均净资产大幅上升。他们补充说,关注老年人消费习惯的投资者能够通过购买关键股票来确保获利。

正如人们所预料的那样,65岁以上人群在交通、服装和教育服务方面的支出远低于其他几代人,但在医疗和住房方面的支出却要高得多。摩根士丹利的分析师认为,随着老年人在人口中所占比例越来越大,老年住宅和家庭医疗保健公司应从这些消费趋势中受益。

联合健康集团

医疗保险和服务巨头联合健康集团(UnitedHealth Group)在2023年的《财富》世界500强中排名第十,市值超过4500亿美元。它之所以成为摩根士丹利的首选,主要有以下几个原因。

首先,美国人口老龄化“推动了创纪录的医疗保健服务需求”,但真正受益的并不是像一些人想象的那样是医院,而是保险公司和家庭或管理式医疗服务提供商。

摩根士丹利指出,2021年医院的支出增长了9.5%,但在2.6万亿美元的服务收费中,只收回了约27%。除此以外,医院成本的增加也促使许多消费者转向门诊设施和家庭护理。

过去五年,家庭护理市场的年化增长率为2.8%,到2023年将达到1320亿美元。摩根士丹利预计,到2031年,这一增长率将跃升至2.9%。该投行的分析师写道:“护理服务正逐步从传统的实体医院转向家庭护理,因此,创新型护理服务公司在这方面处于领先地位。”

向家庭护理的转变将使联合健康集团受益,该集团是拥有初级保健、临终关怀、姑息治疗和家庭护理服务的提供商和行业推动者,旗下包括Optum、LHC Group、Landmark、Summit Home Care和NaviHealth。

摩根士丹利的团队指出:“像联合健康集团和哈门那公司(Humana)(不在评级范围内)这样的行业领导者已经建立了横向整合的家庭医疗服务。在我们的评级范围内,联合健康集团看起来最有能力实现资本化,将家庭医疗保健作为增长动力,并在整个领域进行重大投资。”

该投资银行给予联合健康集团等同于买入的“增持”评级,目标价为618美元。

Welltower和American Healthcare REIT

另一种应对美国人口老龄化的方法是通过医疗保健房地产投资信托基金来实现,这些基金拥有和/或管理许多老年人在晚年需要问诊的医疗保健设施。摩根士丹利预计,到2030年,独立生活、辅助生活和专业护理住房的居民人数将从目前的约170万增加到210万。随着各类老年住宅的库存增长处于“多年低点”,将出现供不应求的现象。

这家投行的分析师解释说:“鉴于供应有限,而且人口结构的利好因素正在推动入住率和租金的稳步增长,我们看好老年住宅敞口。”

他们指出,老年住宅入住率从2021年第一季度约80%的低点大幅回升至去年秋季的87%。2023年第三季度,老年住宅租金增长率为5%,而2021年第一季度仅为0.5%。这将有助于提高医疗保健房地产投资信托基金的收入。

摩根士丹利团队继续将Welltower描述为他们在老年住宅领域的“首选大盘股”。Welltower是一家规模约为530亿美元的房地产投资信托基金,投资于老年住宅、急症后护理和门诊医疗设施。他们指出,该公司87.5%的房产位于医院周边五英里半径范围内。随着越来越多的医院面临财务困难并提高价格,这可能会使Welltower的老年住宅投资组合受益。

American Healthcare REIT是一家市值17亿美元的房地产公司,主要投资于门诊设施、专业护理设施和其他类型的老年住宅,是分析师的“首选小盘股”,能够充分利用美国人口老龄化趋势。该研究团队指出,许多州几乎不可能建造美国医疗保健房地产投资信托基金经营的那种老年住宅和门诊医疗设施,有些州要求供应商获得需求证明才能购买、拓展或改变任何家庭保健、临终关怀或老年公寓业务。

由于人口结构的不利因素和老年住宅不足,摩根士丹利预计American Healthcare REIT和Welltower在2025年和2026年将有10%的资金来自运营增长,这是衡量房地产投资信托基金盈利能力的一个指标,而一般房地产投资信托基金的这一比例仅为2%至4%。

该投资银行给予Welltower等同于买入的“增持”评级,目标价为102美元。该投资银行最近也给予American Healthcare REIT“增持”评级,目标价为17美元。(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-王芳

随着发达国家的儿童数量越来越少,许多商界大佬都在思考人口危机问题。去年夏天,特斯拉(Tesla)和SpaceX的首席执行官埃隆·马斯克在X.com上的一篇文章中称,出生率下降是“迄今为止人类文明面临的最大威胁”,并称这一趋势正在造成“人口不足危机”,将产生深远影响。就在上周,贝莱德集团(BlackRock)首席执行官拉里·芬克(Larry Fink)在致股东的年度信中警告称,随着全球许多国家人口老龄化,以及员工持续提前退休,一场“退休危机”正在酝酿,可能会给社会保障网络带来压力。

在他们看来,美国人口老龄化加速。1970年,美国65岁以上的人口不到总人口的10%。今年,这一比例约为18%,这意味着达到退休年龄的美国人占比创历史新高。此外,华尔街顶级投资银行之一表示,这种情况只会变得更加糟糕。

在一份题为《美国的长寿问题:趋势和投资机会》的新报告中,摩根士丹利(Morgan Stanley)的经济学家和分析师团队表示,到2060年,美国65岁以上人口所占比例将达到24%。

这并不是什么好消息,因为根据国际货币基金组织(IMF)在2017年疫情爆发前的研究,人口老龄化往往会拖累经济增长,降低工人生产率,并加重政府预算负担。国际清算银行(Bank of International Settlements)的经济学家甚至在更早的2015年就预见到了人口老龄化的负面影响——他们提出了一种先进而非正统的理论,阐述了人口老龄化将如何影响通胀(使通胀达到自上世纪70年代以来的最高水平,正如2022年发生的情况)。

但正如摩根士丹利所发现的那样,任何事情都有机遇,即使是世界各国步入老龄化阶段。该行分析师指出,随着美国人口老龄化,65岁以上美国人的消费决策将变得越来越重要。近年来,这些人的平均净资产大幅上升。他们补充说,关注老年人消费习惯的投资者能够通过购买关键股票来确保获利。

正如人们所预料的那样,65岁以上人群在交通、服装和教育服务方面的支出远低于其他几代人,但在医疗和住房方面的支出却要高得多。摩根士丹利的分析师认为,随着老年人在人口中所占比例越来越大,老年住宅和家庭医疗保健公司应从这些消费趋势中受益。

联合健康集团

医疗保险和服务巨头联合健康集团(UnitedHealth Group)在2023年的《财富》世界500强中排名第十,市值超过4500亿美元。它之所以成为摩根士丹利的首选,主要有以下几个原因。

首先,美国人口老龄化“推动了创纪录的医疗保健服务需求”,但真正受益的并不是像一些人想象的那样是医院,而是保险公司和家庭或管理式医疗服务提供商。

摩根士丹利指出,2021年医院的支出增长了9.5%,但在2.6万亿美元的服务收费中,只收回了约27%。除此以外,医院成本的增加也促使许多消费者转向门诊设施和家庭护理。

过去五年,家庭护理市场的年化增长率为2.8%,到2023年将达到1320亿美元。摩根士丹利预计,到2031年,这一增长率将跃升至2.9%。该投行的分析师写道:“护理服务正逐步从传统的实体医院转向家庭护理,因此,创新型护理服务公司在这方面处于领先地位。”

向家庭护理的转变将使联合健康集团受益,该集团是拥有初级保健、临终关怀、姑息治疗和家庭护理服务的提供商和行业推动者,旗下包括Optum、LHC Group、Landmark、Summit Home Care和NaviHealth。

摩根士丹利的团队指出:“像联合健康集团和哈门那公司(Humana)(不在评级范围内)这样的行业领导者已经建立了横向整合的家庭医疗服务。在我们的评级范围内,联合健康集团看起来最有能力实现资本化,将家庭医疗保健作为增长动力,并在整个领域进行重大投资。”

该投资银行给予联合健康集团等同于买入的“增持”评级,目标价为618美元。

Welltower和American Healthcare REIT

另一种应对美国人口老龄化的方法是通过医疗保健房地产投资信托基金来实现,这些基金拥有和/或管理许多老年人在晚年需要问诊的医疗保健设施。摩根士丹利预计,到2030年,独立生活、辅助生活和专业护理住房的居民人数将从目前的约170万增加到210万。随着各类老年住宅的库存增长处于“多年低点”,将出现供不应求的现象。

这家投行的分析师解释说:“鉴于供应有限,而且人口结构的利好因素正在推动入住率和租金的稳步增长,我们看好老年住宅敞口。”

他们指出,老年住宅入住率从2021年第一季度约80%的低点大幅回升至去年秋季的87%。2023年第三季度,老年住宅租金增长率为5%,而2021年第一季度仅为0.5%。这将有助于提高医疗保健房地产投资信托基金的收入。

摩根士丹利团队继续将Welltower描述为他们在老年住宅领域的“首选大盘股”。Welltower是一家规模约为530亿美元的房地产投资信托基金,投资于老年住宅、急症后护理和门诊医疗设施。他们指出,该公司87.5%的房产位于医院周边五英里半径范围内。随着越来越多的医院面临财务困难并提高价格,这可能会使Welltower的老年住宅投资组合受益。

American Healthcare REIT是一家市值17亿美元的房地产公司,主要投资于门诊设施、专业护理设施和其他类型的老年住宅,是分析师的“首选小盘股”,能够充分利用美国人口老龄化趋势。该研究团队指出,许多州几乎不可能建造美国医疗保健房地产投资信托基金经营的那种老年住宅和门诊医疗设施,有些州要求供应商获得需求证明才能购买、拓展或改变任何家庭保健、临终关怀或老年公寓业务。

由于人口结构的不利因素和老年住宅不足,摩根士丹利预计American Healthcare REIT和Welltower在2025年和2026年将有10%的资金来自运营增长,这是衡量房地产投资信托基金盈利能力的一个指标,而一般房地产投资信托基金的这一比例仅为2%至4%。

该投资银行给予Welltower等同于买入的“增持”评级,目标价为102美元。该投资银行最近也给予American Healthcare REIT“增持”评级,目标价为17美元。(财富中文网)

译者:中慧言-王芳

The demographic crisis. It’s on the minds of many of the business world’s heavy hitters as the realization sets in that the developed world is not having enough children. Last summer, Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk called declining birth rates “the biggest danger civilization faces by far” in a post on X.com, arguing that the dynamic is creating an “underpopulation crisis” that will have far-reaching consequences. And just this week, BlackRock CEO Larry Fink warned in his annual letter to shareholders that with populations aging in many nations worldwide, and workers retiring at younger ages, a “retirement crisis” is brewing that could stress social safety nets.

To their point, Americans are getting older, fast. In 1970, less than 10% of the U.S. population was over the age of 65. This year, that figure is sitting at roughly 18%, meaning a record percentage of Americans have hit retirement age. What’s more, says one of Wall Street’s top investment banks, it’s just going to get worse.

________________________________________

In a new report titled “Longevity in the U.S.: Trends and Investment Opportunities,” a team of Morgan Stanley economists and analysts said they believe the share of Americans older than 65 will hit 24% by 2060.

That’s not great news, considering aging populations tend to weigh on economic growth, decrease worker productivity, and burden government budgets, according to IMF research from well before the pandemic, in 2017. Economists for the Bank of International Settlements saw the negative impact of aging populations coming even earlier, in 2015—offering an advanced and unorthodox theory of how it would affect inflation (sending it higher than at any time since the 1970s, exactly what happened in 2022).

But there are opportunities in everything, even an aging world, as Morgan Stanley found. The bank’s analysts noted that as the U.S. population ages, the spending decisions of Americans over the age of 65—whose average net worth has soared in recent years—will become increasingly important. They added that investors who pay attention to these seniors’ spending habits may be able to secure a profit by buying a few key stocks.

As one would expect, the 65-plus demographic spends far less on transportation, apparel, and education services than other generations, but far more on health care and housing. Morgan Stanley’s analysts argued that senior housing and at-home health care companies should benefit from these spending trends as seniors make up a larger and larger portion of the population.

UnitedHealth Group

UnitedHealth Group, the health insurance and services behemoth which took the No. 10 spot on the Fortune Global 500 in 2023 and boasts a market cap of over $450 billion, is a top pick for Morgan Stanley for a few key reasons.

First, the U.S.’s aging population is “driving record demand for health care services,” but instead of helping hospitals like some might imagine, insurance companies and at-home or managed care providers are the ones really benefiting.

Morgan Stanley noted that hospitals saw a 9.5% increase in expenses in 2021, and only managed to collect roughly 27% of the $2.6 trillion they billed for services. On top of that, higher costs at hospitals have driven many consumers to outpatient facilities and at-home care.

The home care market has grown at an annualized rate of 2.8% over the past five years to $132 billion in 2023, and Morgan Stanley expects that growth rate to jump to 2.9% through 2031. “Care delivery is increasingly moving from traditional brick-and-mortar hospital settings to at-home care with innovative care delivery companies leading the way,” the investment bank’s analysts wrote.

This shift to at-home care should benefit UnitedHealth Group, which owns primary, hospice, palliative, and at-home care providers and enablers including Optum, LHC Group, Landmark, Summit Home Care, and NaviHealth.

“Industry leaders like UNH and Humana (not covered) have built horizontally integrated home health offerings,” Morgan Stanley’s team noted. “In our coverage, UnitedHealth Group (UNH) looks best positioned to capitalize, targeting home health care as a growth driver and making major investments across the space.”

The investment bank has a buy-equivalent “overweight” rating and a $618 price target on shares of UnitedHeath Group.

Welltower and American Healthcare REIT

The other way to play the U.S.’s aging population is through health care REITs that own and/or manage the health care facilities that many seniors will need to visit during their twilight years. Morgan Stanley expects the number of residents in independent living, assisted living, and skilled-nursing housing to rise from roughly 1.7 million today to 2.1 million by 2030. And with inventory growth for every type of senior housing at “multiyear lows,” demand for senior housing should exceed supply.

“We favor senior housing exposure given limited supply and demographic tailwinds are driving solid growth in occupancy and rents,” the investment bank’s analysts explained.

To their point, senior housing occupancy rates recovered dramatically from their first quarter 2021 lows of around 80% to 87% in the fall of last year. And senior housing rent growth was sitting at 5% in the third quarter of 2023, compared with just 0.5% in the first quarter of 2021. This should help boost health care REITs’ revenue.

The Morgan Stanley team went on to describe Welltower, a roughly $53 billion REIT that invests in senior housing, post-acute care, and outpatient medical facilities, as their “preferred large-cap play” in the senior housing space. They noted that the company has 87.5% of its properties within a five-mile radius of a hospital. As more hospitals face financial headwinds and increase their prices, that could benefit Welltower’s senior housing portfolio.

American Healthcare REIT, a $1.7 billion market-cap real estate company that invests in outpatient facilities, skilled-nursing facilities, and other types of senior housing, is the analysts’ “preferred small-cap” play to take advantage of the U.S.’s aging population. The group noted that many states have made it nearly impossible to construct the type of senior housing and outpatient medical facilities that American Healthcare REIT operates, with some requiring providers to get a Certificate of Need (CON) to buy, expand, or alter any home health, hospice, or senior living operations.

As a result of demographic headwinds and a lack of senior housing supply, Morgan Stanley expects 10% funds from operation growth—a metric used to measure REITs’ profitability—in 2025 and 2026 from both American Healthcare REIT and Welltower, compared with just 2% to 4% for REITs in general.

The investment bank has a buy-equivalent “overweight” rating and a $102 price target on shares of Welltower. American Healthcare REIT was also recently tagged with an “overweight” rating and a $17 price target.

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